Effect of Respiration on the Characteristic Ratios of Oscillometric Pulse Amplitude Envelope in Blood Pressure Measurement

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPs) are important physiological parameters for disease diagnosis. Systolic and diastolic characteristic ratios derived from oscillometric pulse waveform have been widely used to estimate automated non-invasive BPs in oscillometric BP measurement devices. The oscillometric pulse waveform is easily influenced by respiration, which may cause variability to the characteristic ratios and subsequently BP measurement. This study quantitatively investigated how respiration patterns (i.e., normal breathing and deep breathing) affect the systolic and diastolic characteristic ratios. The study was performed with clinical data collected from 39 healthy subjects, and each subject conducted BP measurements during normal and deep breathings. Analytical results showed that the systolic characteristic ratio increased significantly from 0.52 ± 0.13 under normal breathing to 0.58 ± 0.14under deep breathing (p < 0.05), and the diastolic characteristic ratio was not significantly affected from 0.75 ± 0.12 under normal breathing to 0.76 ± 0.13 under deep breathing (p = 0.48). In conclusion, deep breathing significantly affected the systolic characteristic ratio, suggesting that automated oscillometric BP device which is validated under resting condition should be strictly used for measurements under resting condition

The influence of protein free calf blood extract eye gel on dry eye after pterygium surgery

AIM: To investigate the influence of protein free calf blood extract eye gel on dry eye after pterygium surgery. <p>METHODS: Thirty six patients(40 eyes)with primary nasal pterygium were enrolled in this study, which were divided into study group and control group randomly, with 20 eyes in each group. All patients received pterygium excision and limbal stem cell autograft surgery and tobramicin dexamethasone eye drops after surgery. Patients of the study group received protein free calf blood extract eye gel while those of the control group received 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops furthermore. Ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire, tear film break-up time(BUT)and Schirmer's Ⅰ test Ⅰ(SⅠt)were carried before and 3 months after surgery to evaluate the dry eye degree of the patients. <p>RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the age, gender and size of the pterygium of the study and control groups preoperatively. There was no statistical difference between the OSDI(2.33±1.02 <i>vs</i> 2.32±0.93), BUT(8.80±2.48 <i>vs</i> 8.35±2.28)seconds and SⅠt(4.30±2.30 <i>vs</i> 4.40±2.44)of the two groups preoperatively. There was statistical difference between the OSDI(1.45±0.47 <i>vs</i> 1.81±0.60), BUT(11.20±2.07 <i>vs</i> 9.50±2.40)seconds and SⅠt(8.35±3.13 <i>vs</i> 6.35±2.18)of the two groups 3 months postoperatively, which was also different from that of the preoperative data correspondingly. <p>CONCLUSION: Protein free calf blood extract eye gel could reduce the dry eye after pterygium surgery

Utilization of Molecular Simulation Software Gaussian 03 to Design Absorbent for CO2 Capture

AbstractA preliminary study on the interaction between molecules of absorbent for CO2 absorption was undertaken using Gaussian 03 molecular simulation software. The results indicate that the molecular interaction energy has strong correlations with Henry's constant. The lower interaction energy between molecules, solvent molecules form an “associated complex” more stability, and therefore the worse the effect of CO2 absorption

Steady Euler Flows with Large Vorticity and Characteristic Discontinuities in Arbitrary Infinitely Long Nozzles

We establish the existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions with large vorticity and weak solutions with vortex sheets/entropy waves for the steady Euler equations for both compressible and incompressible fluids in arbitrary infinitely long nozzles. We first develop a new approach to establish the existence of smooth solutions without assumptions on the sign of the second derivatives of the horizontal velocity, or the Bernoulli and entropy functions, at the inlet for the smooth case. Then the existence for the smooth case can be applied to construct approximate solutions to establish the existence of weak solutions with vortex sheets/entropy waves by nonlinear arguments. This is the first result on the global existence of solutions of the multidimensional steady compressible full Euler equations with free boundaries, which are not necessarily small perturbations of piecewise constant background solutions. The subsonic-sonic limit of the solutions is also shown. Finally, through the incompressible limit, we establish the existence and uniqueness of incompressible Euler flows in arbitrary infinitely long nozzles for both the smooth solutions with large vorticity and the weak solutions with vortex sheets. The methods and techniques developed here will be useful for solving other problems involving similar difficulties.Comment: 43 pages; 2 figures; To be published in Advances in Mathematics (2019