Shin, Cin, and Jinn in far east Asian, central east Asian, and middle eastern cultures : case studies in transethnic communication by exchange of terminology for elementary spiritual concepts of ethic groups

Methodology and Objects: Methodologically, from a diachronic linguistics perspective regarding the concept of the shin, spirits in folk belief in China and neighbouring cultures, we compare texts that comprise meanings a) historically in the local language and b) compared to the meanings of equivalent terms in languages of other cultures. Comparing sources of this belief, we examine if and how the shin belief can serve as an example of communication across cultural borders including practical forms of worshipping. Argumentation: We argue that the concept of the shin is across cultural and national borders a result from folk culture transcending political or cultural borders transmitted via migration of ethnic groups. Although similar, mind concepts of different cultures and groups never melted; evidence for this independence gives the Islamic distinctive separation between shin and jinn in this area in the Chinese Quran and other spiritual Chinese writings. On the other hand, the practice of worshipping is similar. Conclusions: A spiritual concept like shin varies in practice in different areas. Central Asia as the melting pot of Chinese and Middle East culture shows the cultural practice of Shamanism with shin belief, complex mind concepts like in Daoism, and religions incorporating shin belief (Islam). Observed changes in the particular local languages show the continuity of the local set of meanings. Multilingual and multicultural areas such as Central Asia rather integrate new words to increase their thesaurus with new meanings than to change the set of previous existing meanings in the languages. Arabic as a language of conquerors in Central Asia is a typical example for such a language that serves as a tool to set up new meanings

Beyond Mona Lisa’s smile: A theoretical approach to the persuasion of likeness in the digital image

In  this  article  we  discuss  the  digital  image  as  a  form  of  representation  of  likeness  in  the  digital  environment.  The  English  word  likeness  entails  the meaning of similarity that in the theory of rhetoric constitute persua-siveness. Likeness is an implicit and often taken for granted quality of the communicative performance of digital media. While the term image is a ty-pological classification, semiotic relations of the transfer of meaning can be described with the terms icon and simulacrum. We show their presence in the digital environment tracing their tradition of their function regarding the establishing of likeness to philosophical ideas. We exemplify with the case of the digital images as derivations from the portrait Mona Lisa that the  appearance  as  an  image  of  all  what  is  displayed  on  the  screen  consti-tutes the specific likeness of digitality. The persuasiveness of digital images is in line with the theory of rhetoric in an exaggerated presence of the im-age as source of aesthetic perception with the sense of sight of the viewer

Business communication and globalized English: recent definitions and applications of a concept across the corporate world

Este artículo es un estudio de "comunicación comercial" como un fenómeno económico de varias capas de la sociedad corporativa del mundo globalizado. En los sistemas de educación académica y en los negocios en diversas definiciones del término "comunicación comercial" existe, que se aplican en todos los ámbitos de la formación académica y en el mundo de los negocios. Después de la comparación de las definiciones de "comunicación comercial", que demuestran las diversas capas de la comunicación comercial en el mundo empresarial contemporáneo. Ellos se basan en un modelo del mundo corporativo. Para estos casos usamos ejemplos de empresas que implementan la "comunicación comercial" en su estructura corporativa.This article approaches ‘business communication’ as a multi-layered economic phenomenon of the corporate society of the globalized business world. In academic education systems and in the business world under the term ‘business communication’ various definitions exist, which are applied across the fields of academic studies and in the business world. After the comparison of definitions of ‘business communication’, we demonstrate the various layers of business communication in the contemporary corporate world based upon a model of the corporate world and these cases using examples of companies implementing ‘business communication’ into their corporate structure

“Parallel Worlds“. Clusters for a Theory of Concepts of Communications. Historical Intercultural and Cultural Comparative Studies in Perspectives of National and Transnational Constitutions, Values, Concepts, and Terms of ‘Communication’ - ‘Orality’ - ‘Literacy’ - ‘Rhetoric’ - ‘Media’.

This is a study regarding the history of communication based on several clusters traced back from ancient time to the 21st century. It contains also in the second part chapers on the specific conditions of communications in different cultures

Die Tradition der Beredsamkeit und deutschsprachiger Rhetoriklehre im 19. Jahrhundert. Mit einem bibliographischen Anhang “Deutschsprachige Rhetorik-Handbücher des 19. Jahrhunderts”

This article focuses on rhetorical handbooks written in Germany during the 19th century. It traces back the tradition of rhetorical handbooks, which started in ancient Greece and developed into a branch of literature in Europe, where it is attested in various languages of the young national states. The books written and edited during the 19th century contribute to the history of rhetoric in Europe and demonstrate how rhetoric was implemented into the German educational system of the 19th century. A list of handbooks published during this period is a complementary element of research presented in this article

Die Tradition der Beredsamkeit und deutschsprachiger Rhetoriklehre im 19. Jahrhundert. Mit einem bibliographischen Anhang “Deutschsprachige Rhetorik-Handbücher des 19. Jahrhunderts”

This article focuses on rhetorical handbooks written in Germany during the 19th century. It traces back the tradition of rhetorical handbooks, which started in ancient Greece and developed into a branch of literature in Europe, where it is attested in various languages of the young national states. The books written and edited during the 19th century contribute to the history of rhetoric in Europe and demonstrate how rhetoric was implemented into the German educational system of the 19th century. A list of handbooks published during this period is a complementary element of research presented in this article

Style and the “Idea” of the sophist after Plato. The impact of form typology on sophistic teaching and writing on interdisciplinary scholarly work

After the First Sophistic sophists acted among the scholars in the Mediterranean in many regards as a distinct group. Since many examples show that they were not only performing sophists, but they were persons engaged in other activities, we will examine here several cases of similarities and differences between them and other groups of scholars. Our three basic questions ‘what, how and why did the sophists teach and write?’ We try to answer examining diachronically the major forms and genres of writings they produced (‘What’), the ‘How’ we answer looking at their sophistic performance as a communicative activity beyond borders of contemporary disciplines, and the ‘Why’ we try to answer emphasizing the necessity of sophistical activity in the contemporary socialization and education in antiquity. Claiming that style was the idea of the sophists, we put Plato’s concept of idea critically in the context of the concept of the idea derived from contemporary and later sophists of the Second Sophistic focusing on the function of visuality expressed in their concept of idea from early sophistic works in the time of Plato and later contributions.Después de la primera sofística, los sofistas actuaron entre el resto de los pensadores del Mediterráneo como un grupo definido. Dado que hay muchos ejemplos que muestran que los sofistas ejercían sus prácticas y que también eran personas comprometidas en otras actividades, vamos a examinar aquí diversos casos de semejanzas y diferencias entre ellos y otros grupos de pensadores. Nuestras tres preguntas fundamentales son: qué, cómo y por qué los sofistas escribían y enseñaban. Intentaremos responder haciendo un análisis diacrónico de las principales formas y géneros de escritura que produjeron (qué). El cómo lo responderemos en su desenvolvimiento como una actividad comunicativa más allá de las fronteras de las disciplinas de la época. El por qué tendrá su respuesta al enfatizar la necesidad de la actividad de los sofistas en la socialización de la época y en la educación de la antigüedad. Al aseverar que el estilo era la idea de los sofistas, ponemos la noción de idea en Platón en el contexto de idea derivado de los sofistas contemporáneos a él y de los sofistas posteriores (segunda sofística) y centramos el foco en la función de visualidad expresada en su concepto de idea desde las obras sofísticas más tempranas en la época de Platón hasta las contribuciones posteriores

Beauty and Esthetics. Meanings of an Idea and Concept of the Senses. An Introduction to an Esthetic Communication Concept Facing the Perspectives Of Its Theory, History, and Cultural Traditions of the Beautiful.

When we ask for the definitions and forms of esthetics from a post-modern perspective, we must take into account that the perspective today is a re-constructive one allowing us to trace back historically, but also allowing various forms of research such as empirical research, or quantitative and qualitative research. This book is devided into chapters. Each of them has a different approach towards esthetics according to the definition of esthetics as a theoretical field, esthetics as a phenomenon of beauty, and esthetics as a specific phenomenon in a certain cultural context. We will focus on the contemporary state of research regarding esthetics from branches of the humanities and natural sciences. Our interest here is to join the classical theoretical terminology of esthetics derived from the humanities with contemporary concepts of research also not related to the humanities

SONGS ABOUT THE REALITY OF ‘GLOBALIZATION’ AS POLITICAL DISCOURSE: IRONY AND CRITIQUE OF ‘GLOBALIZATION’ AND THE CONCEPT OF ‘WORLD’ IN THE LYRICAL TRADITION OF THE ENGLISH WESTERN POPULAR MUSIC OF THE LATE 20TH AND EARLY 21ST CENTURIES / CÂNTECE DESPRE REALITATEA GLOBALIZĂRII CA DISCURS POLITIC: IRONIA, CRITICA GLOBALIZĂRII ŞI CONCEPTUL DE “LUME” ÎN TRADIŢIA MUZICII POPULARE DIN VESTUL ANGLIEI LA SFÂRŞITUL SECOLULUI XX ŞI ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI XXI

Globalization has developed into one of the most interdisciplinary topics in the fields of culture, politics, and economics since the late 20th century. This article is interested in its terminology and reflections in the arts in the case of the lyrics of contemporary U.S. American and British English popular music. Even though the term ‘globalization’ was coined in the late 20th century and is associated with the idea of a universal economic, social, and cultural process in the world, conceptual elements of ‘globalization’ can be found in human history before the term was coined. The arts conceptualized the ‘world’ as an idea long before the emergence of the concept of ‘globalization’. The elements of ‘globalization’ and its history of associated ideas are found ironized and critically revised in the contemporary arts. At this point, social and cultural criticism arises and describes the contrast between ethical values and reality. Even an individualized form of poetry like the lyric poems of 20th and 21st century U.S. American popular music reflects critically as a contribution to contemporary political discourse on the concept of ‘globalization’