Constitution, Organizational Structure and Statutory Powers of the Commission for Counteracting Corruption

This article explores the statutory framework regulating the constitution, organizational structure, and legal competencies of the Commission for Counteracting Corruption. It further analyzes the procedure for nomination, admissibility assessment, and election of the Commission’s members by the National Assembly

Historical, Biopsychosocial and Legal Aspects Related to Cannabis Use

Two main aspects related to the psychoactive use of hemp can be distinguished in the analysis of cannabis policy. The political-legal approach examines the situation through the prism of historical events that shaped public attitudes and influenced the development and implementation of relevant policies regulating the legal status of cannabis over the past two millennia. Modern scientific approaches allow us to analyze the main theories on this subject from the perspective of social psychology, which is closely connected to current discoveries about the biochemistry of processes in the human body related to cannabis use

Turkish-to-English short story translation by DeepL: Human evaluation by trainees and translation professionals vs. automatic evaluation

This mixed-methods study aims to evaluate the quality of Turkish-to-English literary machine translation by DeepL, incorporating both human and automatic evaluation metrics while engaging translation trainees and professional translators. Raw MT output of two short stories, Mendil Altında and Kabak Çekirdekçi, evaluated by both groups via TAUS DQF tool and evaluators wrote reports on the detected errors. Additionally, BLEU was employed for automatic evaluation. The results indicate a consensus between trainees and professionals in assessing MT accuracy and fluency. Accuracy rates were 80.59% and 80.50% for Mendil Altında, and 73.08% and 82.35% for Kabak Çekirdekçi. Fluency rates were similarly close, 71.96% and 72.32% for Mendil Altında, and 66.81% and 62.09% for Kabak Çekirdekçi. Bleu scores, particularly 1-gram results, align with the human evaluators’ results. Furthermore, reports show that trainees provided more detailed analysis, frequently using meta-language, suggesting that increased exposure to metrics enhances trainees’ ability to identify fine-grained MT errors

Henry James and The Aspern papers: Archive, memory, and the failure of biography

This paper examines The Aspern Papers by Henry James through the lens of archive theory, biographical ethics, and the complexities of memory preservation. It explores how the protagonist’s obsessive pursuit of Aspern’s documents represents the human desire to reconstruct the Romantic past in Gothic atmosphere of Venice, often at the expense of ethical considerations and lived experience. The analysis highlights the symbolic significance of Juliana Bordereau, not merely as a guardian of Aspern’s legacy but as a living archive whose testimony remains undervalued. The paper connects James’s themes to his personal decision to destroy his own letters, reflecting his scepticism toward biographical intrusions. Comparisons with The Sense of the Past and other Jamesian works illustrate recurring motifs of archival failure and the tension between material and immaterial memory, as well as the role of destruction – both literal, through the burning of documents, and metaphorical, through the erasure of identities – in shaping historical narrative. Finally, the discussion extends to the ethical responsibilities of archivists and biographers, questioning whether written records alone can ever truly encapsulate the essence of a life

The gravity of academic plagiarism in the perception of scholars, students, and science policy makers in Bulgaria

The ever-increasing spread of plagiarism in academia requires development of strategies to combat it so as to increase the prestige of Bulgarian scholars at the international and local level. Therefore, the main goals of the project are to analyze the concept of plagiarism in academia, arriving at a clear and detailed definition, applicable in practice to create efficient methods to combat it, and to investigate its understanding by students, scholars and science managers to establish the discrepancies between the nature of plagiarism and its perception in the Bulgarian academic community. Expected results: (1) Theoretical – elicitation of a definition of plagiarism; drafting of comprehensive legal and administrative approaches to combat plagiarism; design of a sociological methodology for a study of the problem. (2) Applied - transfer of knowledge; creating guidelines for combating plagiarism; raising the awareness of Bulgarian academe about the severity of plagiarism as a violation of academic ethics

New Requirements for the Provision of Public Sector Information in Bulgaria

This research is a review of the amendments and additions to the Access to Public Information Act, which are in force from the end of 2023, and which ensure the introduction into Bulgarian legislation of the requirements of Directive (EU) 2019/1024 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re-use of public sector information. The expanded scope of a basic concept of the matter, namely that of re-use of information from the public sector, the corresponding changes in the circle of obliged subjects and the introduced new principle for re-use of information of “openness by design and by default” have been examined. The analysis of the adopted legislation emphasizes the new requirements for public sector organizations in the provision of public sector information. These include obligations to publish research data, dynamic data, high-value datasets, practical arrangements facilitating the search for documents available for re-use, and reporting on progress in the field

Legal Framework for Testing of Automated Vehicles in France

Movement of experimental automated vehicles on public roads naturally raises serious concerns over safety of the participants in the road traffic, as well as of surrounding movable and immovable property. Therefore, the establishment of clear rules is necessary which aim to minimize the risks associated with the experiment and the potential damages caused. In the last ten years the French lawmaker developed an overall legal framework of experiments with automated vehicles with the highest level of automation. The present article analyzes the legal regulation laid down in France which encompasses the safety requirements as well as the criminal liability associated with testing of automated vehicles in real conditions

Rethinking genetic borders in ‘The Hunger Games’

Emphasizing the fading distinction between reality and artificiality due to the innovations in the fields of science and biotechnology, this paper argues that the fantasy world depicted by science fiction is no longer far from today’s reality. Although technological advancements have enabled us to live more comfortably, when they are misused by those seeking to use them as a sign of power or superiority, they can have disastrous effects on both people and the environment. This study explores how an oppressive regime called Capitol in The Hunger Games employs science and technology to transform animals and humans into commodities within the arena, reducing them to instruments of entertainment. The Games’ intentional replacement of natural beings with biotechnological mutations serves as a deliberate display of power, employing genetically engineered species as weapons and reviving the dead as monsters. This not only captivates the audience but also strengthens the regime’s superiority, exemplifying how technology is weaponized to manipulate both fear and entertainment