Organic chemistry. History and mutual relations of universities of Russia

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The review describes the history of development of organic chemistry in higher schools of Russia over a period of 170 years, since the emergence of organic chemistry in our country till now

Modern Trends of Organic Chemistry in Russian Universities

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. This review is devoted to the scientific achievements of the departments of organic chemistry in higher schools of Russia within the past decade

Анализ заболеваемости инвазией Opisthorchis felineus и злокачественными новообразованиями гепатобилиарной системы в Российской Федерации

The purpose of this paper is to perform the pilot review of the official medical statistics on reported Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus) infection and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer in Russian Federation, covering the period 2011–2013.Materials and methods. Statistical data collected from 81 regions of Russia, reflecting the incidence of opisthorchiasis over a period from the 1st of January 2011 to the 31st of December 2013 was analyzed. The analysis of official health statistics of malignant hepatic lesions and intrahepatic bile duct was conducted in 82 regions of Russia over the same period. The data was obtained from the annual reports of the Russian center of information technologies and epidemiological studies in the field of oncology.Results. The average annual incidence of O. felineus was 24,7 ± 9,0 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence was observed in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast and Novosibirsk Oblast. We did not observe any significant change in O. felineus infection rates within last 20 years. However, we found that infection incidence had increased in some geographical units of Western Siberia. The incidence of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers was 4,8 ± 0,2 cases per 100,000 population; the highest rate was reported in Far East regions, Siberia and Volgograd Oblast. This study documents the importance of opisthorchiasis in certain endemic areas and presents the best available data on associations between O. felineus infection and liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancers in endemic areas of Russian Federation.Цель. Исследовать взаимосвязь заболеваемости инвазией Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus) и злокачественными новообразованиями гепатобилиарной системы у населения Российской Федерации на основании анализа данных официальной медицинской отчетности за период 2011–2013 гг.Материал и методы. Проанализированы статистические данные 81 региона России, отражающие заболеваемость описторхозом за период с 1 января 2011 г. по 31 декабря 2013 г. Проведен анализ официальных медицинских статистических данных злокачественного поражения печени и внутрипеченочных желчных протоков в 82 регионах России за аналогичный период, полученный из годовых отчетов Российского центра информационных технологий и эпидемиологических исследований в области онкологии.Результаты. Заболеваемость инвазией O. felineus составила 24,7 ± 9,0 на 100 000 населения. К гиперэндемичным по описторхозу регионам (уровень заболеваемости > 100 на 100 000 населения) относятся Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ, а также Тюменская, Томская, Омская и Новосибирская области (Западная Сибирь). Средний показатель заболеваемости инвазией O. felineus в динамике за последние 20 лет относительно стабилен, однако отмечается распространение инвазии на новые территории. Заболеваемость раком печени и внутрипеченочных желчных протоков составила 4,8 ± 0,2 случаев на 100 000 населения, при этом наиболее высокие показатели регистрируются на Дальнем Востоке, в Сибири и Волгоградской области. Получены пилотные данные о взаимосвязи заболеваемости инвазией O. felineus и онкологическими заболеваниями гепатобилиарной системы у населения эндемичных регионов Российской Федерации

Using global team science to identify genetic parkinson's disease worldwide.

No abstract available

Improved Protocols of ITS1-Based Metabarcoding and Their Application in the Analysis of Plant-Containing Products

Plants are widely used for food and beverage preparation, most often in the form of complex mixtures of dried and ground parts, such as teas, spices or herbal medicines. Quality control of such products is important due to the potential health risks from the presence of unlabelled components or absence of claimed ones. A promising approach to analyse such products is DNA metabarcoding due to its high resolution and sensitivity. However, this method’s application in food analysis requires several methodology optimizations in DNA extraction, amplification and library preparation. In this study, we present such optimizations. The most important methodological outcomes are the following: (1) the DNA extraction method greatly influences amplification success; (2) the main problem for the application of metabarcoding is DNA purity, not integrity or quantity; and (3) the “non-amplifiable„ samples can be amplified with polymerases resistant to inhibitors. Using this optimized workflow, we analysed a broad set of plant products (teas, spices and herbal remedies) using two NGS platforms. The analysis revealed the problem of both the presence of extraneous components and the absence of labelled ones. Notably, for teas, no correlation was found between the price and either the absence of labelled components or presence of unlabelled ones; for spices, a negative correlation was found between the price and presence of unlabelled components

Seasonal variations in vitamin and micronutrient sufficiency in a cohort of children aged 3-14 years

Vitamin sufficiency in children can be estimated by the different values of their consumption in autumn-winter and spring-summer seasons. The paper presents the results of a study assessing the prevalence of vitamin deficiency among children of various ages depending on the season. The study included children and adolescents aged from 3 to 14 years (n = 2587, 51% boys) in various regions of Russia. As a result, significant seasonal differences were found in vitamin sufficiency in children aged 3–14 years. Analysis of clusters of parameter interactions demonstrated a relationship between seasonal differences in sufficiency of vitamins B6, E, A, B2 and the risk of various pathologies in all age groups of children. Finally, the presence of seasonal variations in vitamin sufficiency in children was confirmed. This should be taken into account when prescribing vitamin and mineral complexes to children