An analog of Chang inversion formula for weighted Radon transforms in multidimensions

In this work we study weighted Radon transforms in multidimensions. We introduce an analog of Chang approximate inversion formula for such transforms and describe all weights for which this formula is exact. In addition, we indicate possible tomographic applications of inversion methods for weighted Radon transforms in 3D

Verification of event-driven software systems using the specification language of cooperating automata objects

The CIAO (Cooperative Interaction Automata Objects) specification language is intended to describe the behavior of distributed and parallel event-driven systems. This class of systems includes various software and hardware systems for control, monitoring, data collection, and processing. The ability to verify compliance with requirements is desirable competitive advantage for such systems. The CIAO language extends the concept of state machines of the UML (Unified Modeling Language) with the possibility of cooperative interaction of several automata through strictly defined interfaces. The cooperative interaction of automatа objects is defined by a link scheme that defines how the provided and required interfaces of different automatа objects are connected. Thus, the behavior of the system as a whole could be described as a set of execution protocols, each of which is a sequence of interface calls, possibly with guard conditions. We represent a set of protocols using a semantic graph in which all possible paths from the initial nodes to the final nodes define sequences of interface method calls. Because the interfaces are strictly defined in advance by the connection scheme, it is possible to construct a semantic graph automatically according to a given system of interacting automaton objects. To verify the system behavior, one only has to check if each path in the semantic graph does satisfy the requirements. System requirements are formally described using conditional regular expressions that define patterns of acceptable and forbidden behavior. This article proposes methods and algorithms that allow you to check the compliance of programs in the CIAO language with the requirements automatically and, thereby, check the semantics of the developed program. The proposed method narrows the specification formalism to the class of regular languages and the programming language to a language with a simple and predefined structure. In many practical cases, this is sufficient for effective verification

Методика построения событийно-управляемых программных систем с использованием языка спецификации CIAO

Событийно-управляемые программные системы в научной литературе относят к классу систем со сложным поведением, называемых реагирующими системами (reactive systems), то есть систем, которые на одно и то же входное воздействие реагируют по-разному в зависимости от своего состояния и предыстории. Такие системы удобно описывать с помощью автоматных моделей с использованием специальных языковых средств – как графических, так и текстовых. Представлена методика автоматизированного построения систем со сложным поведением с использованием разработанного авторами языка CIAO (Cooperative Interaction of Automata Objects), который позволяет на основе неформального описания реагирующей системы формально специфицировать требуемое поведение. Описание реагирующей системы может быть задано словесно на естественном языке или иным способом, принятым в конкретной предметной области. Далее по этой спецификации на языке CIAO специальным преобразователем генерируется программная система взаимодействующих автоматов на языке программирования С++. Сгенерированная программа реализует поведение, гарантированно соответствующее заданной спецификации и исходному неформальному описанию. Для языка CIAO предусмотрена как графическая, так и текстовая нотация. Графическая нотация основана на расширенной нотации диаграмм автомата и диаграмм компонентов унифицированного языка моделирования UML, которые хорошо зарекомендовали себя в описании поведения управляемых событиями систем. Текстовый синтаксис языка CIAO описан контекстно-свободной грамматикой в регулярной форме. Автоматически генерируемый код на языке С++ допускает использование как библиотечных, так и любых внешних функций, написанных вручную. При этом доказательное соответствие формальной спецификации и сгенерированного кода сохраняется при условии соответствия внешних функций своим спецификациям. В качестве примера предложено оригинальное решение задачи Д. Кнута о реагирующей системе управления лифтом. Продемонстрирована действенность предлагаемой методики, поскольку сам автомат-преобразователь, генерирующий код на С++, представлен как реагирующая система, специфицирован на языке CIAO и реализован методом раскрутки. Проведено сравнение предлагаемой методики с другими известными формальными методами описания систем со сложным поведением

Raise the anchor! Synthesis, X-ray and NMR characterization of 1,3,5-triazinanes with an axial tert-butyl group

N-t-Bu-N’,N’’-disulfonamide-1,3,5-triazinanes were synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal structure analysis. In the course of the X-ray structure elucidation, the first solid experimental evidence of the axial position of the tert-butyl group in unconstrained hexahydro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexanes was obtained. Dynamic low-temperature NMR analysis allowed to fully investigate a rare case of crystallization-driven unanchoring of the tert-butyl group in the chair conformation of saturated sixmembered cycles. DFT calculations show that the use of explicit solvent molecules is necessary to explain the equatorial position of the t-Bu group in solution. Otherwise, the axial conformer is the thermodynamically stable isomer.Fil: Kletskov, Alexey V.. University of Russia; RusiaFil: Zatykina, Anastasya D.. University of Russia; RusiaFil: Grudova, Mariya V.. University of Russia; RusiaFil: Sinelshchikova, Anna A.. Academy of Sciences; RusiaFil: Grigoriev, Mikhail. Academy of Sciences; RusiaFil: Zaytsev, Vladimir P.. University of Russia; RusiaFil: Gil, Diego Mauricio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Novikov, Roman A.. Academy of Sciences; RusiaFil: Zubkov, Fedor Ivanovich. University of Russia; RusiaFil: Frontera, Antonio. Universidad de las Islas Baleares; Españ

Antifibrotic and regenerative effects of Treamid in pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by interstitial fibrosis and progressive respiratory failure. Pirfenidone and nintedanib slow down but do not stop the progression of IPF. Thus, new compounds with high antifibrotic activity and simultaneously regenerative activity are an unmet clinical need. Recently, we showed that Treamid can help restoring the pancreas and testicular tissue in mice with metabolic disorders. We hypothesized that Treamid may be effective in anti-fibrotic therapy and regeneration of damaged lung tissue in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, experiments were performed on male C57BL/6 mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We applied histological and immunohistochemical methods, ELISA, and assessed the expression of markers of endothelial and epithelial cells in primary cultures of CD31+ and CD326+ lung cells. Finally, we evaluated esterase activity and apoptosis of lung cells in vitro. Our data indicate that Treamid exhibits antifibrotic activity in mice with pulmonary fibrosis and has a positive effect on capillaries of the lungs. Treamid also increases the number of endothelial progenitor cells in the lungs of animals with pulmonary fibrosis. Lastly, Treamid increases esterase activity and decreases apoptosis of CD31+ lung cells in vitro. Based on these findings, we suggest that Treamid may represent a promising compound for the development of new antifibrotic agents, which are capable of stimulating regeneration of lung endothelium in IPF patients

An analog of Chang inversion formula for weighted Radon transforms in multidimensions

International audienceIn this work we study weighted Radon transforms in multidimensions. We introduce an analog of Chang approximate inversion formula for such transforms and describe allweights for which this formula is exact. In addition, we indicate possible tomographicalapplications of inversion methods for weighted Radon transforms in 3D

An analog of Chang inversion formula for weighted Radon transforms in multidimensions

International audienceIn this work we study weighted Radon transforms in multidimensions. We introduce an analog of Chang approximate inversion formula for such transforms and describe allweights for which this formula is exact. In addition, we indicate possible tomographicalapplications of inversion methods for weighted Radon transforms in 3D

An example of non-uniqueness for Radon transforms with continuous positive rotation invariant weights

We consider weighted Radon transforms $R_W$ along hyperplanes in $R^3$ with strictly positive weights $W$. We construct an example of such a transform with non-trivial kernel $\mathrm{Ker}R_W$ in the space of infinitely smooth compactly supported functions and with continuous weight. Moreover, in this example the weight $W$ is rotation invariant. In particular, by this result we continue studies of Quinto (1983), Markoe, Quinto (1985), Boman (1993) and Goncharov, Novikov (2017). We also extend our example to the case of weighted Radon transforms along two-dimensional planes in $R^d$ , $d \geq 3$

A breakdown of injectivity for weighted ray transforms in multidimensions

International audienceWe consider weighted ray-transforms $P_W$ (weighted Radon transforms along straight lines) in $\mathbb{R}^d, \, d\geq 2,$ with strictly positive weights $W$. We construct an example of such a transform with non-trivial kernel in the space of infinitely smooth compactly supported functions on $\mathbb{R}^d$. In addition, the constructed weight $W$ is rotation-invariant continuous and is infinitely smooth almost everywhere on $\mathbb{R}^d \times \mathbb{S}^{d-1}$. In particular, by this construction we give counterexamples to some well-known injectivity results for weighted ray transforms for the case when the regularity of $W$ is slightly relaxed. We also give examples of continous strictly positive $W$ such that $\dim \ker P_W \geq n$ in the space of infinitely smooth compactly supported functions on $\mathbb{R}^d$ for arbitrary $n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{\infty\}$, where $W$ are infinitely smooth for $d=2$ and infinitely smooth almost everywhere for $d\geq 3$