Photoelectrodes with titanate nanotubes sensitized by mesoporphyrin derivative from cashew nut shell

Titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) with the chemical composition Na2Ti3O7.nH2O (NaTiNT) were obtained througha hydrothermal method in highly alkaline medium. Protonated titanates nanotubes (H-TiNTs), with the compositionH2Ti3O7.nH2O, were prepared by ion exchange reaction through a suspension of Na2Ti3O7nH2Onanotubes in HCl medium, promoting the exchange of Na+ ions by H+. Both Na2Ti3O7.nH2O andH2Ti3O7.nH2O products, as well the TiO2 used as raw material for the nanotubes processing, were used asstarting material for the solar cells photoelectrodes sensitized using mesoporphyrin extracted from a precursorof cashew nut shell. Exposing the NaTiNT sample to solar radiation of 1258 W/m2, a short-circuit currentdensity (ISC) of 13 A/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 370 mV were registered and, a current densityof 7.6 A/cm2 and a voltage of 256 mV for the prototype cell based on H-TiNTs. A current density of 1.1A/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage of 1.6 mV were obtained for the cell using TiO2 as electrode.Keywords: Titanate Nanotubes. Ionic exchange. Mesoporphyrin. Dye-sensitized solar cell

O tratamento do conteúdo espontaneidade dos fenômenos naturais nos livros de química recomendados pelo PNL

A Termodinâmica, por se tratar de um ramo experimental e aplicado da Ciência, pode se tornar uma importante ferramenta no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, visto que, através deste caráter aplicado pode facilitar para o aluno a visualização dos conceitos estudados em sala de aula. Este trabalho se propôs a analisar e avaliar o tratamento do conteúdo Espontaneidade dos Fenômenos Naturais nos livros didáticos de Química, recomendados pelo Ministério da Educação através do Guia de Livros Didáticos. Foi realizada uma análise dos livros didáticos atualmente recomendados pelo Ministério da Educação com o objetivo de analisar como o conteúdo espontaneidade dos fenômenos naturais era abordado, e se estavam em adequação com as orientações contidas em documentos legais do MEC. Seguindo as normas do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) dos cinco livros atualmente recomendados, apenas um foi considerado adequado para os processos espontâneos, pois o ele aborda o conceito de entropia fazendo sua ligação com a Segunda Lei da Termodinâmica, e apresentando o conteúdo através de exemplos cotidianos. Um diferencial em relação aos outros livros analisa- dos foi que este material, também aborda outra função termodinâmica que descreve os processos espontâneos em condições mais corriqueiramente encontradas em laboratórios, ou seja, em temperatura e pressão constante, que é a energia de Gibbs

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES OBTAINED BY GREEN SYNTHESIS

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are metal structures at the nanoscale. AgNPs have exhibited antimicrobial activities against fungi and bacteria; however synthesis of AgNPs can generate toxic waste during the reaction process. Accordingly, new routes using non-toxic compounds have been researched. The proposal of the present study was to synthesize AgNPs using ribose as a reducing agent and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a stabilizer. The antifungal activity of these particles against C. albicans and C. tropicalis was also evaluated. Stable nanoparticles 12.5 ± 4.9 nm (mean ± SD) in size were obtained, which showed high activity against Candida spp. and could represent an alternative for fungal infection treatment.Nanopartículas de Prata (AgNPs) são estruturas metálicas em escala nanométrica. AgNPs apresentam atividades antimicrobianas contra fungos e bactérias; no entanto, a síntese de AgNPs pode gerar resíduos tóxicos e devido a isso novas rotas utilizando compostos atóxicos têm sido buscadas. O objetivo desse estudo foi sintetizar AgNPs utilizando a ribose como agente redutor e dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) como estabilizante e avaliar a atividade antifúngica dessas partículas contra C. albicans e C. tropicalis. Foram sintetizadas nanopartículas estáveis com 12,5 ± 0,2 nm (média ± DP) que apresentaram elevada atividade contra Candida spp. e podem representar boa alternativa no tratamento de infecções fúngicas

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES OBTAINED BY GREEN SYNTHESIS

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are metal structures at the nanoscale. AgNPs have exhibited antimicrobial activities against fungi and bacteria; however synthesis of AgNPs can generate toxic waste during the reaction process. Accordingly, new routes using non-toxic compounds have been researched. The proposal of the present study was to synthesize AgNPs using ribose as a reducing agent and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a stabilizer. The antifungal activity of these particles against C. albicans and C. tropicalis was also evaluated. Stable nanoparticles 12.5 ± 4.9 nm (mean ± SD) in size were obtained, which showed high activity against Candida spp. and could represent an alternative for fungal infection treatment

Hydroxyapatite-Based Magnetic Bionanocomposite as Pharmaceuticals Carriers in Chitosan Scaffolds

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioceramic very similar to the mineral component of bones and teeth. It is well established that osteoblasts grow better onto HA-coated metals than on metals alone. Herein, the preparation of a new system consisting of magnetite (Fe3O4) and HA functionalized with oleic acid and simvastatin (SIMV), and incorporated in chitosan (CHI) scaffolds, was undertaken. HA was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, while Fe3O4 was synthesized by co-precipitation. The polymer matrix was obtained using a 2% CHI solution, and allowed to stir for 2 h. The final material was freeze-dried to produce scaffolds. The magnetic properties remained unchanged after the formation of the composite, as well as after the preparation of the scaffolds, maintaining the superparamagnetism. CHI scaffolds were analyzed by scanning electronic spectroscopy (SEM) and showed a high porosity, with very evident cavities, which provides the functionality of bone growth support during the remineralization process in possible regions affected by bone tissue losses. The synthesized composite showed an average particle size between 15 and 23 nm for particles (HA and Fe3O4). The scaffolds showed considerable porosity, which is important for the performance of various functions of the tissue structure. Moreover, the addition of simvastatin in the system can promote bone formation

In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of New Composite for Direct Pulp Capping.

Objectives To investigate physicochemical properties, dentin bonding, cytotoxicity, and in vivo pulp response of experimental self-adhesive composites tailored to direct pulp capping. Materials and Methods Experimental composites were prepared with beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles adsorbed with simvastatin and glutathione added at 0% (control resin), 1 wt% (Res 1%), and 10 wt% (Res 10%). A commercial light-curable calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (Ultra-Blend Plus) was used as control material. The physicochemical properties investigated were flexural strength and modulus, calcium release, and degree of conversion. Dentin bonding was assessed by the push-out test. Proliferation and cell counting assays were performed to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity using fluorescence microscopy. In vivo pulp capping was performed on molars of Wistar rats, which were euthanized after 14 days and evaluated by histological analysis. Results No statistical difference was observed in flexural strength and cell viability (p > 0.05). Res 10% presented higher modulus than control resin and Ca(OH)2. Also, Res 10% attained statistically higher degree of conversion when compared to other experimental composites. Ca(OH)2 showed higher calcium release after 28 and 45 days of storage, with no statistical difference at 45 days to Res 10%. All experimental composites achieved significantly higher bond strength when compared to Ca(OH)2. While no significant difference was observed in the cell proliferation rates, resins at lower concentrations showed higher cell viability. In vivo evaluation of pulp response demonstrated no pulp damage with experimental composites. Conclusions The experimental composite investigated in this study achieved adequate physicochemical properties with minor in vivo pulpal inflammation and proved to be a valuable alternative for direct pulp capping

Binary mixture micellar systems of F127 and P123 for griseofulvin solubilisation

Abstract Pluronics® molecules self-assemble in aqueous solution providing a core/shell architecture that improves the solubility of hydrophobic drugs. Binary mixtures of Pluronics® have been studied as drug nanocarriers in order to combine their advantages, like high colloidal stability, small particle size and good solubilisation capacity (Scp). In this work we studied Pluronics® binary mixture, P123 and F127, as nanocarriers of the hydrophobic drug griseofulvin. P123 (E21P67E21) shows a relative good Scp, whereas F127 (E98P67E98) shows a good colloidal stability. According to data, these binary mixtures form stables nano-sized comicelles in aqueous solution. The Scp of the P123/F127 systems at 25 and 37 °C was monitored by UV/Visible spectroscopy, showing good results at both temperatures, as would be expected, since P123/F127 have similar length hydrophobic block. Hydrophobic-dependence and temperature-responsive of the systems were evaluated by CMC, particle size and colloidal stability. Hence, stables P123/F127 comicelles may have potencial as hydrophobic drug delivery

Cardanol-based thermoset plastic reinforced by sponge gourd fibers (Luffa cylindrica)

Abstract A growing global trend for maximum use of natural resources through new processes and products has enhanced studies and exploration of renewable natural materials. In this study, cardanol, a component of the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), was used as a building block for the development of a thermosetting matrix, which was reinforced by raw and modified sponge gourd fibers (Luffa cylindrica). DSC and TG results showed that among biocomposites, the one reinforced by sponge gourd fibers treated with NaOH 10 wt% (BF10) had the highest thermal stability, besides the best performance in the Tensile testing, showing good incorporation, dispersion, and adhesion to polymer matrix, observed by SEM. After 80 days of simulated soil experiments, it has been discovered that the presence of treated fiber allowed better biodegradability behavior to biocomposites. The biobased thermoset plastic and biocomposites showed a good potential to several applications, such as manufacturing of articles for furniture and automotive industries, especially BF10