955 research outputs found
The Culture of Poverty Debate: Some Additional Data
In this paper we briefly review relevant research on the culture of poverty and set our findings within the general context of culture of poverty arguments. Data from a community survey in a Southwestern city are analyzed using Oscar Lewisâ four major culture of poverty dimensions: 1) the individual, 2) the family, 3) the slum community, and 4) the communityâs relation to society. In our study a sample of 271 black respondents was divided into two groups, here termed the âpoorâ and the ânon-poor.â In noting all the broad traits studied in all dimensions taken together, some support for Lewisâ culture of poverty was found in less than half of the cases; and in several cases our findings were in direct opposition to culture of poverty predictions. In addition, we have suggested that the majority of those traits that did lend support to Lewisâ argument might be better classified as situational conditions of poverty rather than as a part of a bona fide âcultureâ of poverty. The findings of this paper may call into question the use of the âculture of povertyâ perspective as a basis for policy decisions
The ideology and discourse of the English Defence League: âNot racist, not violent, just no longer silentâ
The English Defence League (EDL) emerged in 2009 and quickly became a major âanti-Islamistâ street protest movement, able to attract thousands to its national demonstrations. Despite the violence and anti-Muslim rhetoric associated with its protests, the group claims to be an anti-racist human rights organisation dedicated to protecting liberal freedoms. This article employs a critical methodology to address these claims, analysing EDL literature alongside strategies identified as typical of racist discourse construction. The representations, narratives and rhetorical strategies used by the group support the analysis of EDL Islamophobia as a form of cultural racism that constructs opposing âBritishâ and âMuslimâ subjects and functions to maintain traditional ethno-cultural dominance of the former over the latter
Intermanifold similarities in partial photoionization cross sections of helium
Using the eigenchannel R-matrix method we calculate partial photoionization
cross sections from the ground state of the helium atom for incident photon
energies up to the N=9 manifold. The wide energy range covered by our
calculations permits a thorough investigation of general patterns in the cross
sections which were first discussed by Menzel and co-workers [Phys. Rev. A {\bf
54}, 2080 (1996)]. The existence of these patterns can easily be understood in
terms of propensity rules for autoionization. As the photon energy is increased
the regular patterns are locally interrupted by perturber states until they
fade out indicating the progressive break-down of the propensity rules and the
underlying approximate quantum numbers. We demonstrate that the destructive
influence of isolated perturbers can be compensated with an energy-dependent
quantum defect.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, replacement with some typos correcte
Cytochrome oxidase subunit VI of Trypanosoma brucei is imported without a cleaved presequence and is developmentally regulated at both RNA and protein levels
Mitochondrial respiration in the African trypanosome undergoes dramatic developmental stage regulation. This requires co-ordinated control of components encoded by both the nuclear genome and the kinetoplast, the unusual mitochondrial genome of these parasites. As a model for understanding the co-ordination of these genomes, we have examined the regulation and mitochondrial import of a nuclear-encoded component of the cytochrome oxidase complex, cytochrome oxidase subunit VI (COXVI). By generating transgenic trypanosomes expressing intact or mutant forms of this protein, we demonstrate that COXVI is not imported using a conventional cleaved presequence and show that sequences at the N-terminus of the protein are necessary for correct mitochondrial sorting. Analyses of endogenous and transgenic COXVI mRNA and protein expression in parasites undergoing developmental stage differentiation demonstrates a temporal order of control involving regulation in the abundance of, first, mRNA and then protein. This represents the first dissection of the regulation and import of a nuclear-encoded protein into the cytochrome oxidase complex in these organisms, which were among the earliest eukaryotes to possess a mitochondrion
Two electron interference in angular resolved double photoionization of Mg
The signature of the target wavefunction has been observed in the symmetrized amplitude of the resonant double photoionization of Mg. This observation is based on our experimental study of angle-resolved double photoionization of Mg at the photon energy of 55.49 eV (2p â 3d resonance) under equal energy sharing conditions
âFor Your Ears Only!â Donald Sterling and Backstage Racism in Sport
The purpose of this paper is to elucidate how racism manifests âbehind closed doorsâ in the backstage private domain. We do this with reference to recent high-profile controversies in the US and UK. In particular, we use the concepts of frontstage (public) and backstage (private) racism to unpack the extraordinary case in point of the ex-National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise owner Donald Sterling. The paper concludes that though it is important for frontstage racism to be disrupted, activist scholars must be mindful of the lesser-known, and lesser-researched, clandestine backstage racism that, we argue, galvanises more public manifestations. The Donald Sterling case is an example of how backstage racism functions and, potentially, how it can be resisted
Temporal, Situational and Interactional Features of Womenâs Violent Conflicts
This article examines contextual and situational influences on the processural development of women\u27s violent conflicts. Through close analysis of 3 women\u27s accounts of their disputes and associated violent behaviours, we provide a rich description of how such events evolved over time and how the interviewees managed this process. Drawing upon both criminological and feminist theories, our analysis highlights existing gaps in the literature, providing an exploratory discussion of the interaction of gender with situational elements and the production of assaultive events
Determinants of impact : towards a better understanding of encounters with the arts
The article argues that current methods for assessing the impact of the arts are largely based on a fragmented and incomplete understanding of the cognitive, psychological and socio-cultural dynamics that govern the aesthetic experience. It postulates that a better grasp of the interaction between the individual and the work of art is the necessary foundation for a genuine understanding of how the arts can affect people. Through a critique of philosophical and empirical attempts to capture the main features of the aesthetic encounter, the article draws attention to the gaps in our current understanding of the responses to art. It proposes a classification and exploration of the factorsâsocial, cultural and psychologicalâthat contribute to shaping the aesthetic experience, thus determining the possibility of impact. The âdeterminants of impactâ identified are distinguished into three groups: those that are inherent to the individual who interacts with the artwork; those that are inherent to the artwork; and âenvironmental factorsâ, which are extrinsic to both the individual and the artwork. The article concludes that any meaningful attempt to assess the impact of the arts would need to take these âdeterminants of impactâ into account, in order to capture the multidimensional and subjective nature of the aesthetic experience
Self-scaling Collocation Methods Preserving Constants of Motion
We present a class of self-scaling collocation integrators which, unlike explicit Runge-Kutta integrators, will automatically preserve quadratic constants of motion such as energy,linear momentum, and angular momentum, without the need for small stepsizes. However,collocation integrators in general require numerical optimization to solve an implicit set ofequations which are difficult and computationally expensive to solve when the problemâs Ja-cobian becomes ill-conditioned. Therefore, the integrators we present automatically scale thecollocation conditions using a generalized eigenvalue problem (GEVP) approach, and exploitthe Jacobianâs structure to improve the optimization algorithmâs precision and speed. Nu-merical results show that the presented integrators preserve invariants in a broader class ofintegration problems, with an improvement of approximately one order of magnitude overtraditional Runge-Kutta 4(5) schemes
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