Serum, spleen metabolomics and gut microbiota reveals effect of catalpol on blood deficiency syndrome caused by cyclophosphamide and acetylphenylhydrazine

Catalpol (CA), extracted from Rehmannia Radix, holds extensive promise as a natural medicinal compound. This study employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and combined serum and spleen metabolomics to profoundly investigate the therapeutic effects of CA on blood deficiency syndrome (BDS) and the underlying mechanisms. Notably, CA exhibited effectiveness against BDS induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) and acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) in rats-CA substantially elevated levels of crucial indicators such as erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, CA could alleviate peripheral blood cytopenia. Furthermore, the analysis of 16S rRNA revealed that CA had the potential to reverse the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio associated with BDS. Through comprehensive serum and spleen metabolomic profiling, we successfully identified 22 significant biomarkers in the serum and 23 in the spleen, respectively. Enrichment analysis underscored Glycerophospholipid metabolism and Sphingolipid metabolism as potential pathways through which CA exerts its therapeutic effects on BDS

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Gut microbial analysis combined with metabolomics reveal the mechanism of stachyose on blood deficiency syndrome in rats

Stachyose (ST), a naturally occurring compound extracted from cucumbers and legumes, holds great promise as a natural therapeutic agent. In this study, the impact of ST on blood deficiency syndrome (BDS) induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) and acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) was investigated in a rat model. Subsequently, the levels of erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified in rat blood and peripheral blood cells. Furthermore, haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was employed to elucidate morphological alterations in the spleen tissue. To gain comprehensive insights into the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of ST against BDS, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum and spleen metabolomic analyses. Our findings revealed a significant ameliorative effect of ST on BDS. Notably, at the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota exhibited marked variations in abundance, while at the genus level, discernible changes were observed in the abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, among others. The therapeutic effects of ST on BDS were proposed to be due to its modulation of phenylalanine metabolism and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and its impact on the restructuring of the gut microbiota