MELURUSKAN PERBEDAAN JIHAD DAN TERORISME

Kehadiran agama Islam yang dibawa Nabi Muhammad Saw diyakini dapat menjamin terwujudnya kehidupan manusia yang sejahtera lahir dan batin, Petunjuk-petunjuk agama mengenai berbagai kehidupan manusia, sebagaimana terdapat di dalam sumber ajaranya, alqur’an dan hadist tampak ideal dan agung, Di dalam Al-qur’an dan Hadist Allah memerintahkan berjihad untuk menegakkan syariat islam sebagaimana yang telah di lakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW

Assembling the ruminant tree: combining morphology, molecules, extant taxa, and fossils

A gap exists between paleontological and neontological approaches to ruminant phylogenetics, despite great increases in phylogenetic resolution through molecular work of the last three decades, and a large and growing fossil record. This gap is reflected in differing methodological approaches, with insufficient integration of the large fossil record by molecular studies on the one hand, and insufficient consideration of highly resolved genomic work by paleontological studies on the other. Both paleontological and molecular approaches seek to answer similar broad evolutionary questions, and a synthetic approach is in the interest of all. I demonstrate this by reviewing the development of each field, noting many examples in which paleontological or molecular approaches to ruminant phylogenetics are, on their own, inadequate compared to an approach which considers all sources of data together. In particular, cases such as those of Bison, Capra, and Pelea have shown that integration of genomic and anatomical data presents better resolution of relationships, and I suggest Antilocapra and Moschus may benefit from a similar approach, especially with the integration of fossil taxa into a combined (supermatrix) analysis. I present preliminary results of a new and large (in progress) morphological matrix that is intended to be used for the incorporation of anatomical data and fossil taxa into a combined analysis. The new matrix is much larger than previous morphological matrices assembled for ruminant phylogenetics, meaning it can support a larger number of fossil taxa than was previously possible. Preliminary analysis with 18 taxa recovers a highly supported tree that is mostly compatible with both traditional and molecular phylogenies, although problems of convergence remain, such as between Antilocapra and Bovidae. Finally, I propose standardization of ruminant clade names in order to limit miscommunication between paleontological and neontological workers. I propose phylogenetic definitions based on crown (extant) clades for the names Ruminantia and Pecora, and the use of Pan-Ruminantia and Pan-Pecora to accommodate each respective crown clade plus its stem group

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF LLM-POWERED CHATBOTS IN BASIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL TASKS

The rise of conversational user interfaces (CUIs) powered by large language models (LLMs) is transforming human-computer interaction. This study evaluates the efficacy of LLM-powered chatbots, trained on website data, compared to browsing websites for finding information about organizations across diverse sectors. A within-subjects experiment with 165 participants was conducted, involving similar information retrieval (IR) tasks using both websites (GUIs) and chatbots (CUIs). The research questions are: (Q1) Which interface helps users find information faster: LLM chatbots or websites? (Q2) Which interface helps users find more accurate information: LLM chatbots or websites?. The findings are: (Q1) Participants found information significantly faster using LLM-chatbots, Q2. Participants found more accurate information using LLM-chatbots. The conclusions are: (Q1) LLM-chatbots are highly efficient, and (Q2). LLM-chatbots are highly reliable for information lookup tasks. These findings highlight the potential of LLM-powered CUIs to revolutionize user experience and advocate for integrating advanced AI capabilities in future interface design. Future research should investigate: 1. LLM-chatbot interaction speed over time to measure efficiency especially with more complex questions, 2. The precision of these models over larger knowledge bases and complex questions, 3. Improvements in chatbot’s usability and its impact on user experience and human computer interaction (HCI), and 4. Gauge user preference over prolonged interactions over more complex questions

Design and fabrication of a microneedle for the implantation of floating microstimulators

Neural prosthetics are used to stimulate any remaining functional nervous tissue in order to restore function in visual, auditory, or other physiological components associated with the nervous system. Microelectrodes have been used in stimulating and detecting electrical activity in neurons. When stimulating or recording neural tissue activity using microelectrodes, there are usually many problems and difficulties in obtaining the correct functionality and results. There is great difficulty in placing these microelectrodes in a specific location in the central nervous system due to various problems with the methodology used. Many different techniques such as the traditional interconnected microelectrodes have been an arduous process and often times ineffective. A promising technique using the technology of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) eliminates the difficulty of placing and delivering microelectrodes in desired areas. MEMS technology enables the use of micro/nanometer sized features by micromachining and microfabrication. The reduced size of the devices produced allows the development of many products used for several different applications. Placing electrodes in the central nervous system have been a very difficult process. This thesis focuses on the design and fabrication of a microneedle that will have the capability of penetrating the neural tissue and delivering floating microstimulators pumped out by fluid through a microfluidic channe

PENGARUH KELOMPOK REFERENSI DAN STORE ATMOSPHERE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KOSUMEN (Studi Kasus pada Distro “Fleamagic” di Purwokerto)

ABSTRACT Faysal Haris, 2014; Influence of Reference Groups And Store Atmosphere Towards Customer’s Purchase Decision (Case Study on Distro “Fleamagic” Purwokerto) The purposes of this research are : 1. To obtain descriptions around reference groups, store atmosphere, and customers purchase decision on Distro “Fleamagic”, 2. To analyze the influence of reference group to customers purchase decision on Distro “Fleamagic”, 3. To analyze the influence of store atmosphere to customers purchase decision on Distro “Fleamagic”, and 4. To analyze the simultaneously influence of reference groups and store atmosphere to customers purchase decision on Distro “Fleamagic”. Analyze unit of this research are customers of Distro “Fleamagic” Purwokerto, there are 151 respodents who have bought Distro “Fleamagic” product. The research is quantitative research which is descriptive research. Based on the descriptive analyze, it can be concluded that : a. reference group affects to customers purchase decision,b.store atmosphere influence the customers purchase decision, c. reference groups and store atmosphere jointly influence the customers purchase decision. The result showed that : 1. The influence of store atmosphere more dominant than reference group to customers purchasing, 2. Reference groups has significant influence to customers purchase decision, 3. Store atmosphere has significant influence to customers purchase decision, 4. As simultaneously, reference group and store atmosphere have significant influence to customers purchase decision, 5. Reference group and store atmosphere can explain variation of purchase decision 71,8 %, while 28,2 % influenced by other variable that no explain in this research. Keywords : Reference Groups, Store Atmosphere, Purchase Decision, Distro “Fleamagic”

Tourism and Cultural Heritage: Higher Education and Entrepreneurship Development in Transition Phase. The Tunisian Experience

This is to lay down an approach to develop tourism and cultural heritage through higher education and entrepreneurship development for economies in transition: The case of Tunisia. There is a need to provide incentives to people to have favorable preferences toward a tourism based in part on cultural heritage in a phase where everything is being under construction institutions, legislations, and relationships alike. Cultural heritage and tourism development may be enhanced by a diversification strategy to enrich the image of local touristic destinations (diversification of site visits, purchases of new products, new circuits, and discovery of monumental heritage, museum, park and gardens, natural sites). Moreover, it is of great importance to invest in youth entrepreneurship development to orient toward business creation and development in the domain of tourism and cultural heritage.Il s’agit d’établir une approche capable de développer le tourisme et le patrimoine culturel dans l'enseignement supérieur et le développement de l'entrepreneuriat pour les économies en transition : sas de la Tunisie. Il est nécessaire de fournir des incitations aux gens afin d’identifier les stratégies favorables à un tourisme basé en partie sur le patrimoine culturel dans une phase où toutes les institutions sont en phases de constructions, ainsi que la législation. Le patrimoine culturel et le développement du tourisme peuvent être améliorés par une stratégie de diversification pour enrichir l'image des destinations touristiques locales (diversification des visites de sites, achats de nouveaux produits, nouveaux circuits, et découverte du patrimoine monumental, musée, parc et jardins, sites naturels). En outre, il est d'une grande importance capitale d'investir dans le développement de l'entreprenariat des jeunes et les orienter vers la création et le développement des affaires dans le domaine du tourisme et du patrimoine culturel. La promotion de la coopération entre les institutions de l’enseignement supérieur en Europe et en Afrique du Nord, sur la question du patrimoine culturel et le développement du tourisme est considérée comme faisant partie d'une stratégie nationale.هذا لوضع منهاج لتطوير السياحة و التراث الثقافي من خلال التعليم العالي و تنمية روح المبادرة للاقتصادات التي تمر بمرحلة انتقالية: حالة تونس. هنالك حاجة لتوفير حوافز للناس ليكون لديهم تفضيلات مواتيه للسياحة و التي هي قائمة في جزء منها على التراث الثقافي في مرحلة حيث كل شيء يجري تحت البناء من مؤسسات و تشريعات و علاقات على حد سواء. يمكن تعزيز التراث الثقافي و التنمية السياحية من خلال استراتيجية التنويع لإثراء الوجهات السياحية المحلية (تنويع الزيارات الميدانية, المشتريات من المنتوجات الجديدة, الدوائر الجديدة, و اكتشاف التراث الأثري, المتحف, المتنزهات و الحدائق, و المواقع الطبيعية). و بالإضافة الى ذلك, انه لذو أهمية بالغة أن يستثمر في تنمية روح المبادرة لدى الشباب لتوجيهه نحو انشاء الاعمال التجارية و التنمية في مجال السياحة و التراث الثقافي

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DENGAN KINERJA PADA KARYAWAN PT.TIKI DI JAKARTA

FAYSAL DHARMA WARDHANA Relationship Between Organizational Commitment Employees With Performance At PT. Tiki In Jakarta. Skripsi, Jakarta. Commercial arrangements Education Studies Program, Department of Economics and Administration, Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta. This research was conducted at PT. Tiki in Jakarta, for four months, starting from March 2015 until June 2015. The method used is survey method. The population in this study were all employees of PT. Tiki in Jakarta. Affordable population is PT. Tiki in Jakarta on the packaging of goods which amounted to 40 employees. The sampling technique used was simple random technique as much as 36 employees. The resulting regression equation is Ŷ = 33.54 + 0.53 X Test requirements analysis that estimates the error normality test regression of Y on X with the test Liliefors produce Lhitung = 0.1015, while Ltabel for n = 36 on a significant level of 0.05 is 0.147. Because Lhitung (Lo) Ftable, ie 75.06 > 4.13, meaning that the regression equation significantly. The correlation coefficient of Pearson Product Moment generating rxy = 0.830, then the correlation coefficient significance test was done using the t test and the resulting t = 8.664 and table = 1.70. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship. The coefficient of determination obtained by 68.82% indicating that the 68.82% performance is determined by organizational commitment

Functionalized -hexalactones (FDHLs): Bio-derivable Monomers to Synthesize Renewable Polyester Thermoplastics

Most thermoplastics are made from limited fossil-fuel sources and these plastics have very deleterious impacts on the environment. Finding a renewable source to synthesize new thermoplastic polymers with tunable properties like biodegradability, heat resistance, and moisture resistance are ongoing research interests. Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable feedstock for biobased monomers and polymers production. In this work, functionalized -hexalactone (FDHL) monomers are hypothesized to be synthesizable from lignocellulosic sourced hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and lignin-derived pendant groups, generating a variety of aliphatic polyesters and potentially overcome current polymer challenges. Achieving a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) is one of the main obstacles for the current bio-based thermoplastics. A successful FDHL monomer synthesis used commercially available methyl cyclopentanone-2-carboxylate as a starting material. Different bulky, lignin derivatives were incorporated as pendant groups (aromatic: phenol, 1-naphthol, and 2-phenyl phenol; alkyl: cyclohexanol) in the monomer to increase the glass transition temperature (Tg) beyond that possible from poly(δ-valerolactone). Different acidic to super basic organocatalysts were screened to polymerize these novel monomers in a controlled manner. The polymerizations were carried out at room temperature via ring-opening polymerization technique using benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as an initiator. Different aliphatic polyester polymers with higher molecular weight and low dispersity were synthesized in a controlled manner. Typical equilibrium polymerization behavior was observed at room temperature due to the low ring strain of monomers, and the reaction was observed to be pseudo-first-order to monomer concentration in solution. By adding one phenyl group at the δ-position we found the Tg about +6 °C, and additional phenyl groups at the δ-position yielded the Tg about 39.5 °C which is a 105 °C increase from the unsubstituted poly(δ-valerolactone)

TINDAK KEJAHATAN SIBER DI SEKTOR JASA KEUANGAN DAN PERBANKAN

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk-bentuk kejahatan yang  termasuk sebagai kejahatan di bidang siber dan bagaimana penerapan hukum pidana terhadap para pelaku kejahatan siber di sektor jasa keuangan dan perbankan di mana dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1. Kejahatan siber (cyber crime) dilakukan oleh orang baik secara sendiri maupun berkelompok yang benar-benar ahli dalam peretasan, ahli dalam menggunakan komputer sebagai sarana/alat untuk melakukan kejahatan, sehingga menurut para ahli bentuk-bentuk kejahatan siber (cybercrime) itu secara umum adalah berupa pencurian identitas, spionage cyber, pemerasan cyber, pencurian data perusahaan, dan carding. Sedangkan menurut UU No. 11 Tahun 2008 yang dirobah dengan UU No. 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, bentuk-bentuk kejahatan siber (cyber crime) adalah tindak pidana yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas illegal, tindak pidana yang berhubungan dengan gangguan (interferens), tindak pidana memfasilitasi perbuatan yang dilarang, dan tindak pidana pemalsuan informasi atau dokumen elektronik. 2. Tindak kejahatan siber (cyber crime) di sektor jasa keuangan dan perbankan adalah social engineering dan skimming. Kedua bentuk kejahatan siber ini dilakukan dengan teknik menipu atau penipuan, penggelapan dan pencurian. Oleh karena itu penerapan hukum pidana terhadap para pelaku kejahatan siber di sektor jasa keuangan dan perbankan itu oleh para hakim banyak menggunakan pasal-pasal yang ada dalam KUHP yaitu Pasal 64 tentang perbuatan berlanjut, karena pelaku melakukannya berkali-kali, Pasal  362 tentang Pencurian, Pasal 363, pencurian yang dilakukan oleh lebih dari satu orang  dan Pasal  378 tentang penggelapan.Kata kunci: kejahatan siber; jasa keuangan; perbankan