1,815 research outputs found
Gaseous He Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Probe for Cryogenic Environments
Normal nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes cannot be used to make high
frequency resolution measurements in a cryogenic environment because they lose
their frequency resolution when the liquid sample in the probe freezes. A
gaseous He NMR probe, designed and constructed to work naturally in such
cryogenic environments, is demonstrated at 4.2 K and 5.3 Tesla to have a
frequency resolution better than 0.4 part per billion. As a demonstration of
its usefulness, the cryogenic probe is used to shim a superconducting solenoid
with a cryogenic interior to produce a magnetic field with a high spatial
homogeneity, and to measure the magnetic field stability.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure
Towards an Improved Test of the Standard Model's Most Precise Prediction
The electron and positron magnetic moments are the most precise prediction of
the standard model of particle physics. The most accurate measurement of a
property of an elementary particle has been made to test this result. A new
experimental method is now being employed in an attempt to improve the
measurement accuracy by an order of magnitude. Positrons from a "student
source" now suffice for the experiment. Progress toward a new measurement is
summarized
High-Resolution Measurements of e++ H2 O Total Cross Section
Using a purely electrostatic positron beam, the total cross section of positrons scattering from H2O has been measured for the first time with a high angular discrimination (â1°) against forward scattered projectiles. Results are presented in the energy range (10-300) eV. Significant deviations from previous measurements are found which are, if ascribed entirely to the angular acceptances of various experimental systems, in quantitative accord with ab initio theoretical predictions of the differential elastic scattering cross section. © 2016 American Physical Society
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Projected WIMP sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment
LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a next-generation dark matter direct detection experiment that will operate 4850 feet underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. Using a two-phase xenon detector with an active mass of 7 tonnes, LZ will search primarily for low-energy interactions with weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which are hypothesized to make up the dark matter in our galactic halo. In this paper, the projected WIMP sensitivity of LZ is presented based on the latest background estimates and simulations of the detector. For a 1000 live day run using a 5.6-tonne fiducial mass, LZ is projected to exclude at 90% confidence level spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections above 1.4Ă10-48 cm2 for a 40 GeV/c2 mass WIMP. Additionally, a 5Ï discovery potential is projected, reaching cross sections below the exclusion limits of recent experiments. For spin-dependent WIMP-neutron(-proton) scattering, a sensitivity of 2.3Ă10-43 cm2 (7.1Ă10-42 cm2) for a 40 GeV/c2 mass WIMP is expected. With underground installation well underway, LZ is on track for commissioning at SURF in 2020
Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment
The LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter search aims to achieve a sensitivity to the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section down to (1â2)Ă10â12 pb at a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c2. This paper describes the simulations framework that, along with radioactivity measurements, was used to support this projection, and also to provide mock data for validating reconstruction and analysis software. Of particular note are the event generators, which allow us to model the background radiation, and the detector response physics used in the production of raw signals, which can be converted into digitized waveforms similar to data from the operational detector. Inclusion of the detector response allows us to process simulated data using the same analysis routines as developed to process the experimental data
Cytocompatibility of carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.
Carboxylated Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT-COOH) presents unique properties due to nanoscale dimensions and permits a broad range of applications in different fields, such as bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the cytocompatibility of MWCNT-COOH with human stem cells is poorly understood. Thus, studies elucidating how MWCNT-COOH affects human stem cell viability are essential to a safer application of nanotechnologies. Using stem cells from the human exfoliated deciduous teeth model, we have evaluated the effects of MWCNT-COOH on cell viability, oxidative cell stress, and DNA integrity. Results demonstrated that despite the decreased metabolism of mitochondria, MWCNT-COOH had no toxicity against stem cells. Cells maintained viability after MWCNT-COOH exposure. MWCNTCOOH did not alter the superoxide dismutase activity and did not cause genotoxic effects. The present findings are relevant to the potential application of MWCNT-COOH in the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields.Online ahead of print
Characterisation of the muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment
A novel single-particle technique to measure emittance has been developed and used to characterise seventeen different muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE). The muon beams, whose mean momenta vary from 171 to 281 MeV/c, have emittances of approximately 1.2â2.3 Ïâmm-rad horizontally and 0.6â1.0 Ïâmm-rad vertically, a horizontal dispersion of 90â190 mm and momentum spreads of about 25 MeV/c. There is reasonable agreement between the measured parameters of the beams and the results of simulations. The beams are found to meet the requirements of MICE
An Irish perspective on Cryptosporidium. Part 1
Cryptosporidiosis, a protozoal disease which causes significant morbidity in humans, is one of the chief causes of diarrhoea in neonatal ruminants. Although the parasite poses a significant threat to public health and animal health in Ireland, its epidemiology on the island is only poorly understood. Environmental studies have shown the waterborne parasite to be widespread in some untreated waterbodies around Ireland. The island's hydrogeological situation, combined with high stocking rates of livestock and the absence of filtration from regular water treatment, render it vulnerable to large-scale outbreaks. This review discusses the parasite in the Irish context and underlines the need for a reference facility to provide active surveillance on the island
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