Study of the effectiveness of outrigger system for high-rise composite buildings for cyclonic region

The demands of taller structures are becoming imperative almost everywhere in the world in addition to the challenges of material and labor cost, project time line etc. This paper conducted a study keeping in view the challenging nature of high-rise construction with no generic rules for deflection minimizations and frequency control. The effects of cyclonic wind and provision of outriggers on 28-storey, 42-storey and 57-storey are examined in this paper and certain conclusions are made which would pave way for researchers to conduct further study in this particular area of civil engineering. The results show that plan dimensions have vital impacts on structural heights. Increase of height while keeping the plan dimensions same, leads to the reduction in the lateral rigidity. To achieve required stiffness increase of bracings sizes as well as introduction of additional lateral resisting system such as belt truss and outriggers is required

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN DENGAN MASALAH RESIKO INFEKSI PADA PASIEN NIFAS DENGAN EPISIOTOMI DI RUANG MAWAR RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM JEMURSARI SURABAYA

Luka episiotomi yang dilakukan perawatan yang baik dan benar akan mencegah terjadinya infeksi, kenyataannya sebagian besar pasien nifas akan timbul masalah resiko infeksi. Tujuan penelitian untuk melakukan asuhan keperawatan dengan masalah resiko infeksi pada pasien nifas dengan episiotomi. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Populasi penelitian adalah pasien nifas dengan episiotomi, dengan masalah resiko infeksi. Besar sempel adalah 2 orang responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan format pengkajian dan lembar observasi dengan cara wawancara dan pemeriksaan fisik. Sumber informasi adalah klien, keluarga dan perawat.studi kasus. Data di analisis secara naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setelah diberikan health education tentang perawatan perineum yang benar kepada 2 pasien selama 3 hari di Rumah Sakit didapatkan hasil tidak terjadi infeksi pada luka episiotomi. Simpulan penelitian adalah resiko infeksi tidak terjadi dikarenakan kedua pasien yang mengerti cara merawat perineum yang benar dan mampu mengaplikasikannya sehingga kebersihan perineum dapat terjaga. Diharapkan perawat mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien masa nifas tentang cara merawat luka pada perineum

Assessment of Agricultural Innovation Transfer System in The Decentralization Era

EnglishThe slow process of technology transfer, which is suitable to the bio-physic and social economic of its intended users, has been realized as a serious impediment in the acceleration of agricultural development. In this decentralization era, the agricultural innovation transfer system becomes more complex that needs an adjustment to the changing strategic environment, which is specific to each respective regional area. The initiation of the Agency for Agricultural Research and Development in the establishment of the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) at the provincial level in 1994 intended to decentralize agricultural research and development. However after seven years of the AIAT establishment, the availability of specific agro-ecosystem technologies at the field level is still limited. The centralistic approach in the implementation of agricultural development in the last three decades and the weak linkage among institutions dealing with agricultural innovation transfer are considered to be the main impediments for an effective agricultural innovation transfer system. The implementation of decentralization policy in early 2001 has resulted in several fundamental changes in the organizational structure and management of government institutions dealing with agricultural innovation transfer. These changes have increased the ineffectiveness of extension organization and personnel. For this reason, deliberate efforts to strengthen the linkage among institutions that have extension function and the revitalization of extension organization and personnel, are badly needed, especially at the district level. The implementation of decentralization in agricultural development, including in agricultural innovation transfer, needs appropriate preparation and deliberate efforts from regional (provincial and district) administrators and central bureaucracies, whereas mutual support and reinforcement toward each other are the prerequisite to decentralization success. The purpose of this study was to identify the performance of agricultural innovation transfer system in the early implementation stage of the decentralization policy. IndonesianProses alih inovasi pertanian yang sesuai dengan kondisi bio-fisik, sosial ekonomi petani dan budaya setempat yang masih berjalan lambat telah lama di sadari sebagai hambatan dalam upaya akselerasi pembangunan pertanian. Pada era desentralisasi, sistem alih inovasi pertanian menjadi lebih komplek dan perlu pendekatan yang disesuaikan dengan lingkungan strategis yang ada dan sangat bervariasi antar provinsi dan kabupaten. Pembentukan Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian di tingkat regional/ provinsi pada tahun 1994 merupakan realisasi kebijaksanaan desentralisasi/regionalisasi dan penelitian pengembangan pertanian yang diinisiasi oleh Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Walaupun demikian, setelah lebih dari tujuh tahun didirikannya BPTP, ternyata ketersediaan teknologi tepat guna spesifik agroekosistem yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan petani masih terbatas. Lemahnya keterkaitan antarv berbagai lembaga yang mengemban fungsi alih inovasi pertanian, termasuk kelembagaan tani, serta pendekatan sentralistik di dalam pembangunan pertanian selama lebih dari tiga dekade dianggap sebagai faktor penghambat utama dari efektifitas sistem alih inovasi pertanian. Implementasi kebijaksanaan desentralisasi pada awal tahun 2001 telah mengakibatkan perubahan mendasar dari struktur organisasi dan manajemen institusi pemerintah yang mengemban fungsi penyuluhan pertanian. Perubahan dasar ini telah ,mengakibatkan kinerja dari sebagian besar organisasi dan personal penyuluh pertanian di tingkat provinsi dan kabupaten sangat menurun. Koordinasi yang efektif antar institusi yang mengemban fungsi penyuluhan, dan revitalisasi organisasi dan personal penyuluhan perlu memperoleh perhatian yang serius, terutama dari para penentu kebijaksanaan Pemerintah Daerah Tingkat II. Pada penerapan kebijaksanaan otonomi daera(OTDA) di dalam pembangunan pertanian, termasuk di dalam penyelenggaraan alih inovasi pertanian, diperlukan persiapan yang matang dan komitmen dari para penentu kebijaksanaan serta administrator di tingkat Daerah maupun Pusat. Penerapan kebijaksanaan desentralisasi, termasuk di dalam alih inovasi dan teknologi pertanian, akan berhasil bila ada upaya khusus untuk saling mendukung antar institusi terkait. Tujuan dari pengkajian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kinerja dari sistem alih iovasi pertanian pada awal penerapan kebijaksanaan desentralisasi

Borges, Averroes y Aristóteles: Literatura y filosofía

El trabajo es un acercamiento a "La busca de Averroes" de J. L. Borges donde el autor reitera su fe en una biblioteca universal de múltiples culturas (La biblioteca de Babel) pero, a la vez, reconoce la dificultad de la tarea. Las dificultades con que se enfrenta Averroes en explicar el texto de Aristóteles sin ver ni saber qué es teatro, se ven desdobladas en la dificultad de Borges pintando a Averroes, en la España del siglo XII, a través de unas pocas notas biográficas. El cuento es la historia de un texto basado en una teoría literaria y visto en un contexto cultural diferente, es una parábola de la imposibilidad de la teoría de la literatura. Ésta debe insistir en que el significado de un texto no depende tan solo de las condiciones de su producción sino también de su recepción. Pero, paradójicamente, el autor subraya la idea de que a pesar de todas estas dificultades, el texto de Aristóteles se ve enriquecido al ser leído por Averroes y el de éste al ser leído por Borges. El cuento llama la atención a la filosofía que mueve la escritura de Borges, su deseo de Totalidad aunque el lenguaje, el instrumento del que se vale el creador, es siempre insuficiente para transmitir con fidelidad la realidad o/y la Historia

Economic Adjustment and Income Adequacy of Malay Female-Headed Households in Malaysia

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the economic adjustments and income adequacy of Malay female-headed households (FHHs) in Malaysia. The study attempted to answer the following six research questions; what are the economic resources, sources of income and economic adjustments before and after the women becoming FHHs, and what are the factors significantly influence the economic status, objective and subjective income adequacy of FHHs? Secondary data collected among female headed households for the study entitled female headed household within the context of poverty carry out in 1994195 was used in this research. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS). The procedures used were descriptive statistics, t-tests, multiple regression and multiple discriminant analysis. The data analysis indicated that FHHs had access to limited economic resources. One of the main economic adjustments undertaken by the women was getting involved in employment to support their living. Three models explaining the economic status, objective and subjective income adequacy for widows, divorcees and all FHHs were tested in this research. Divorcee's economic status was significantly explained by education, income earned from employment, and ownership of properties while widow's economic status was significantly explained by ownership of properties, and other sources of income. Training, education, and income earned from employment contributed significantly to discriminate the divorcee's objective income adequacy. For widows it was found that income earned from other sources, employment, and remittance from children contributed significantly to discriminate the widow's objective income adequacy. Among FHHs there were only 34.2% divorcees and 27.9% widows whose income was adequate. When subjective income adequacy was analyzed there were 13% divorcees and 14.8% widows who perceived that their income is adequate. After taking into account all sources of income, majority of FHHs in this study; widows or divorcees were poor. Their low level of educational attainment and lack of skills contributed to such situation. Improve education and skills can be one of the strategies to help FHHs cope with the changing status from being intact family to female headed. To enhance the economic status of FHHs and reduce the incidences of poverty, relevant policies and more integrated programs should be formulated targeted FHHs. Addressing the needs of female headed households can be one of the effective strategies to sustain the low level of poverty in Malaysia

The Impacts of Agricultural Development Project on Women: a Case Study of the Eastern Islands Smallholder Farming Systems and Livestock Development Project (EISFSLDP)

EnglishThe Eastern Islands Smallholder Farming Systems and Livestock Development Project (EISFSLDP) is a poverty alleviation project targeted for increasing income of a selected number of relatively poor rural households. The EISFSLDP project is carried out through an agribusiness approach to farming system development in three provinces in eastern part of Indonesia (South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, and Maluku Provinces). Even though the problem of mainstreaming women in a development project has been anticipated in the project design and the project management has conducted some efforts to increase the involvement and participation of women in the project, but the problem still persists. The cultural values and norms of project staff and communities in the project areas have resulted a perception that the project beneficiaries are heads of households who are usually males.Although there was a significant difference of time allocation in carrying out reproductive activities between women from project participant households and women from non project participant households, which was due to the time allocated to look for forage (among women from project participant households), but they perceived that there was no negative impact of the project on their time allocation in carrying out reproductive and productive activities, attending community activities, and on their leisure time. Due to the very limited opportunity for income generating activities, and their relatively adequate leisure time (ranging from 9.4 hours-11 hours per day), they perceived that their involvement in managing project packets was beneficial in using their time for productive activities.Even though the majority of women from project participant households were involved actively in managing project packets (ranging from 62 to 95%) and they contributed significantly in farming activities, but they were. not invited to attend farmer training and farmer group meeting. Despite the disadvantageous socio-cultural values in the project locations, the initial efforts of the project management to mainstream women into all aspects of project implementation should be consistently integrated into the project policy, project planning and program development, project technical guidelines, project administration such as in gender segregated reporting system, and project monitoring and evaluation. In this respect, gender analysis should be conducted in all project sites as a tool for an accurate basis for decision makings in the effort to increase the involvement and contribution of all members of project participant households, including women.IndonesianProyek Pengembangan Usaha Tani dan Ternak di Kawasan Timur Indonesia (the Eastern Islands Smallholder Farming Systems and Livestock Development Project) adalah suatu proyek penanggulangan kemiskinan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani yang relatif miskin, melalui pendekatan agribisnis dengan pengembangan sistem usaha tani, di tiga propinsi Kawasan Timur Indonesia (Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Utara, dan Maluku). Walaupun masalah penyertaan wanita telah diantisipasi di dalam desain proyek, dan manajemen proyek telah melakukan beberapa upaya untuk meningkatkan partisipasi dan penyertaan wanita dalam proyek, tetapi ternyata pengintegrasian penyertaan wanita kedalam implementasi proyek masih mengalami kendala. Norma dan nilai budaya dari staf proyek dan masyarakat di lokasi proyek merupakan salah satu penyebab dari anggapan bahwa peserta proyek adalah kepala keluarga yang biasanya laki-laki.Walaupun alokasi waktu untuk melakukan kegiatan reproduksi pada wanita dari keluarga peserta proyek berbeda nyata dengan wanita dari nonpeserta proyek yang terutama karena diperlukannya alokasi waktu untuk melakukan kegiatan pencarian pakan hijauan ternak (pada wanita dari keluarga peserta proyek), tetapi mereka beranggapan bahwa tidak ada dampak negatif dari keterlibatannya dalam pengelolaan paket proyek terhadap alokasi waktu untuk kegiatan produksi dan produksi, hadir dalam pertemuan kemasyarakatan, dan terhadap waktu luang dan beristirahat. Sangat terbatasnya kesempatan untuk kegiatan yang menghasilkan pendapatan di desa, dan adanya waktu luang dan istirahat yang relatif cukup (berkisar antara 9,4 -11 jam per hari), justru menyebabkan keterlibatan wanita dalam pengelolaan proyek dianggap sebagai bermanfaat dalam penggunaan waktu untuk kegiatan yang produktif.Walaupun sebagian besar wanita dari rumah tangga peserta proyek terlibat dalam pengelolaan paket proyek (berkisar antara 62- 95%), dan kontribusinya cukup besar dalam kegiatan usaha tani, tetapi mereka tidak dilibatkan dalam pertemuan kelompok tani proyek dan dalam kursus tani. Oleh karena itu, upaya-upaya awal yang telah dilakukan manajemen proyek dalam meningkatkan partisipsi dan keterlibatan wanita dalam semua aspek pengimplementasian proyek perlu secara konsisten diintegrasikan ke dalam kebijaksanaan proyek, penyusunan program dan perencanaan proyek, petunjuk teknis kegiatan, administrasi proyek seperti sistem pelaporan dengan segregasi jender, serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Dalam hal ini, perlu dilakukan analisis jender di semua lokasi proyek sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan yang akurat dalam upaya meningkatkan penyertaan dan keterlibatan semua anggota keluarga dalam pengelolaan paket proyek, termasuk anggota keluarga wanita

Native Language Attrition Among Immigrants

This study was a literature review, and it focused on native language attrition among immigrants. For many years, immigrant families have moved to places such as the United States and Europe as well as Canada because of war, abuse, persecution, environmental degradation, and poverty in their home countries. Once immigrant families arrived in their designated country, their children were placed in school. Due to the struggle with the language barrier, kids and adults quickly started to focus extensively on learning the English language. The research occurred due to parents\u27 raised concerns regarding their children\u27s inability to communicate in their first language (L1) with families after learning English. Having worked with adult language learners at Project English and Giving Plus Learning, I witnessed the rise in parents\u27 frustration, concern, and confusion when their children could no longer speak, formulate sentences, or enjoy conversation with relatives in their home language. These parents did not understand why their children constantly spoke in English and rejected their native tongue. The literature review aimed to shed light on the significance of maintaining L1 among immigrants\u27 families while learning and speaking English. The review brought together all the available resources related to my project topic in place, and the resources were evaluated closely. In the review, there were six essential themes divided into sections. Each chapter focused on the method and findings of the themes. The research studies highlighted that L1 attrition could occur instantly when the L1 is not being utilized. The studies showed that age plays a vital role in L1 loss because the earlier children were exposed to the English language, the higher the possibility of L1 deterioration, particularly with children who began English from age three to seven. Older children who spoke the native language from birth to age 12 and then learned English continued communicating in the L1 much better. The studies further pointed out that the English immersion environment helped immigrants practice and improve their communication in the L2. However, the L1 was hindered because immigrants\u27 children had less opportunity to speak in the and more in L2 as if it was their L1