Foisonnement de l'innovation agricole : quelques exemples d'initiatives en élevage herbivore

Les témoignages rassemblés pour illustrer le foisonnement des innovations agricoles émanent d'acteurs différents (agriculteurs, recherche, développement) mais sont tous caractérisés par des approches plutôt systémiques et des dynamiques de co-conception. Les thèmes abordés concernent la production (valorisation des surfaces avec des cultures dérobées, sélection d'espèce prairiales locales), l'appropriation de résultats de recherche (amélioration de la gestion des prairies), la conception d'itinéraires techniques (solutions pour limiter les pertes d'azote en rotation prairie - prairie), l'évaluation de systèmes (repérer des pratiques innovantes en mobilisant des principes de l'agroécologie) mais aussi l'amélioration des conditions de travail et la formation (communication « intergénérationnelle » entre des paysans herbagers et des élèves)

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Non Linear 2D Time Domain eddy current calculation for laminated iron cores

International audienc

Détection automatique de vestiges archéologiques sous forêt à partir de données LiDAR : test méthodologique appliquée aux «tras» de la Chaîne des Puys

International audienc

Automatic detection of archaeological structures from images derived from clouds of LiDAR points (a methodological research – LiDARCHEO program)

International audienc

Archaeomophological approaches and LIDAR data analysis to study a hidden mid-mountain cultural Landscape. The study case of Puy de Dôme (France)

International audienc

Utilisation d’images dérivées d’un jeu de données LIDAR pour la détection automatisée de vestiges archéologiques (programme de recherche méthodologique LiDARCHEO)

International audienc

Comparison of Multispectral imaging and Near infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy methods for phenotyping resistance of cereals to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) and Deoxynivalenol (DON)

To encourage development of cereal varieties resistant to Fusarium Head Blight and mycotoxins for the National List, two new methods of phenotyping were developed by GEVES on winterwheat. They are more reliable and faster than in-field visual assessment and cheaper than LCMS-MS for measuring DON content. Multispectral imaging is being developed to predict /quantify damage from diseases on several species. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy is an efficient and non-destructive method for seed quality analysis. The aim was to assess the potential of these technologies for quantifying Fusarium graminearum damage, compared to visual assessment and DON content in kernels. i) With Multispectral imaging (VideometerR), the algorithm “Fusa-spectrale wheat”, was developed to evaluate the percentage of Fusarium Damaged Kernels (FDK) at maturity for varietal classification using Canonical Discriminant Analysis between kernels infected/not infected, on three years at several sites. FDK is strongly correlated with percentage of scabbed spikelets assessed by visual scorings (R>0.87) and with DON content (R>0.88). Correlation between FDK and Fusarium graminearum biomass assessed by real-time PCR was stronger in trials with only F. graminearum (R=0.97) than trials with a complex Fusarium-Microdochium. For durum wheat and triticale, studies are ongoing. ii) NIR calibration was developed from a sample set of varieties produced in two locations over two crop years. Calibration models (visual scoring, DON content) were developed using Partial Least Square Regression (PLS). Each model was checked by internal cross validation. Their performance was assessed by the coefficient of determination in calibration (R2cal) and standard error in cross validation. The R2cal observed was 0.90 for “DON content” model and 0.79 for “visual scoring” model.[br/] These two technologies show potential to evaluate FHB and DON resistance on cereals. The NIRS models require additional data to include geographical, genotyping and years effects. With multipectral and hyperspectral imaging, research is ongoing to quantify Microdochium spp

Social behavioral changes in MPTP-treated monkey model of Parkinson's disease

International audienceParkinsonian patients experience not only the physical discomfort of motor disordersbut also the considerable psychological distress caused by cognitive deficits and behavioraldisorders. These two factors can result in a disruption of social relationships during thesymptomatic and even the presymptomatic motor states of the disease. However, it remainsdifficult, if not impossible, to evaluate social relationships in presymptomatic patients.The present study focused on the evaluation of social relationships within a group offemale long-tailed macaques during presymptomatic and symptomatic motor states inducedby Chronic Low-Dose (CLD) and then Chronic High-Dose (CHD) systemic administration of1-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Dopaminergic denervation withinbasal ganglia and cortical areas was evaluated using Positron Emission Tomography (PET)scans with 18F-DOPA (6-[18F]-fluoro-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) radiotracer.Interestingly, social behavioral changes could be identified in the presymptomaticmotor state before any motor and/or cognitive impairment occurred. Stronger effects wereobserved in subordinate animals compared to dominant animals. From baseline state to CLDpresymptomaticmotor state, the frequency of emitted affiliative and aggressive behaviorsincreased. From CLD-presymptomatic to CHD-presymptomatic motor states, the frequency ofthe three categories of social behaviors (aggressive, submissive and affiliative) decreased. Atthis time, quantitative data analysis in PET scans highlighted a dopaminergic denervation inthe insula and the posterior caudate nucleus. Finally, the frequency of the three categories ofsocial behaviors decreased during the stable-symptomatic motor state compared to baselineand presymptomatic motor states; this was also associated with motor and cognitive disordersand a dopaminergic denervation in all the evaluated cortical and subcortical structures