Culture and Identity in the Work of an Historian of Ottoman Basra

In comparison to other Ottoman Arab provinces, little has been written on Ottoman Iraq, and still less on Basra, historically Iraq's main outlet to the sea. To the vast majority of Arab historians, Basra only retains its importance because of its dominant contribution to the intellectual and religious debates of early Islam. Its later development as a key trading port for the Ottoman Empire is largely glossed over by those scholars still riveted by the 'golden age' of Islamic thought. And yet, Basra's social, demographic and intellectual evolution in the 18th and 19th centuries largely set the pattern for the province's interaction with Istanbul and the larger region throughout the rest of the Ottoman period

CULTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON SOME STREPTOMYCETE ISOLATES

In this study, three isolates of Streptomyces isolated from Egyptian soil at Giza Governorate and belonging to red series were identified based on their cultural, morphological and physiological characters. According to the key proposed by Pridham and Tresner (1974), the experimental isolates ST55, ST71 and ST86 ap-peared to be related to S. lincolnensis, S. venezuelae and S. umbrinus, respectively. In addition, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reac-tion (PCR) was used to amplify the DNA genome of the three applied isolates and an identified strain to determine their fingerprints. This was carried out using 10-decamer oligonucleotides, i.e., OP-A02, OP-D01, OP-D02, OP-D05, OP-D06, OP-D07, OP-D08, OP-D11, OP-D18 and OP-D20. The PCR amplified products were detected by electrophoresing on 1.5% agarose gel and visualized by staining in eth-idium bromide and UV trasilluminator. Results showed that the same oligonucleo-tide flanking fragments differed from one isolate to another with different sizes. Monomorphic and polymorphic fragments were amplified confirming the molecular relationships as well as the genetic diversity between the four applied strains of Streptomyces. Based on the statistical analysis of RAPD-PCR polymorphisms a de-gree of similarities ranged from 33.9 to 59.2 % was found. Furthermore, frag-ment(s), whatever absent or present, were found to be unique molecular markers and could be used for characterization of some isolates. This result supported the idea for using the RAPD-PCR technique for classification of Streptomyces isolates

Growth and Development of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Cultivars in Response to Water Stress

Water stress occurs frequently in the North Central Plains and causes significant reductions in plant growth, development and grain yield. These effects of water stress apparently are dependent on the ability of plants to adapt to less than optimal environments. Plant water potential is dynamic, changing not only with the soil water content and atmospheric conditions, but also with the stage of growth. When plant water potentials become limiting, various physiological processes associated with plant growth, development and final yield are affected. The reduction in productivity in semi- arid environments is directly related to the inability of crop plants to withstand water stress. Water stress is ubiquitous in arid and semi-arid parts of the world. Therefore understanding the physiological basis of drought resistance is useful for improving oat productivity. In South Dakota, water deficits are one of the primary factors affecting oat growth, development and yield. About 1. 7 million acres were planted in South Dakota in 1984 with average production of about 87 million bushels (Reeves, 1986). Unfortunately, very little research exists on drought resistance in oats, and the associated genetic variability. The overall goal of these experiments was to provide a foundation for incorporating improved resistance to water stress into the oat breeding program. The main objectives of this study were: (1) To examine germination, radicle length under control conditions and its relationships to field conditions. (2) To examine the growth, development and yield of oat cultivars in response to water stress. (3) Determine the ability of oat cultivars to osmotically adjust in response to water stress. (4) Examine the relationship between root characteristics and yield capacity under water stress

Ground Response Analysis for Two Selected Sites in Al-Hilla City in the Middle of Iraq

يصف تحليل الاستجابة الأرضية أيضا دراسة تضخيم التربة ويتضمن حساب الفترات الطبيعية للموقع، وتضخيم الحركة الأرضية، وتقييم قابلية تمييع التربة، وتحليل الاستقرارية. الميزات المهمة التي يتم أخذها في الاعتبار للتحليل هي خصائص صخور الاساس التحتية، موقع وميل حجر الأساس، تضاريس حجر الاساس ورواسب التربة، والفوالق في رواسب التربة. في هذا البحث، تم اختيار موقعين في مدينة الحلة للبحث في تحليل الاستجابة الأرضية. وتضمنت الفحوصات المختبرية محتوى الرطوبة، وحدود اتيربيرغ، وبمعرفة توزيع حجم الحبيبات تم رسم منحنيات توزيع الحجم الحبيبي للرواسب النهرية المتواجدة، في حين شمل العمل الميداني: قياسات سرعة موجة القص vs وحساب قيمة N -  من فحص الاختراق القياسي (قيم ال SPT) لكل موقع. التوصيف الجيوتقني، اوضح أن التربة في الموقعين تسود عليها الرمال الغرينية والطين الغريني. تحليل استجابة الموقع لحركة الأرض طبق باستخدام برنامج Proshake. نتائج التحليل الخطي المكافئ بينت أن قمة تسارع سطح الأرض تتراوح بين 0.0523g إلى 0.0639g. عامل التضخيم للتسارع في مدى ما بين 1.048 إلى 1.27.Ground response analysis also termed as soil amplification study comprises the calculation of site natural periods, ground motion amplification, evaluation of liquefaction potential, and stability analysis. The important features that are considered for analysis are characteristics of soil overlying bedrock, bedrock location and inclination, topography of bedrock and soil deposits, faults in the soil deposits. In this paper, two sites within Al-Hilla city were selected to investigate the ground response analysis. Laboratory tests  included moisture content, Aterbberg limits , and  the  grain size distribution curves have been developed to understand the particle size distribution of the alluvium present, while field work included: shear wave velocity measurements and N-value calculation. From geotechnical characterization, it has been observed that the soil profile in the two sites is dominated by silty sand and silty clay. The site response analysis of ground motion was carried out using Proshake software. The results of the equivalent linear analysis show that the peak surface ground acceleration ranges between 0.0523g to 0.0639g. The amplification factor for acceleration is in the range between 1.048 to 1.27

Keterampilan Sosial Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Dasar Inklusi

Based on preliminary study, obtained some facts related to the social skills of students with special needs in inclusion elementary school. The problems include how the fifth grade students with special needs in inclusion elementary school tend to be less able to respond to others, show less acceptable behaviors by others, and have less adaptive behavior. The purpose of this study is to describe the social skills of students with special needs in inclusion elementary school. In general, research result shows that social skills of students with special needs is varied. Students with autism tend to have low social skills. Students with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is likely to have some aspects of low social skills. Students with intellectual disability tend to have moderate social skills.Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan diperoleh beberapa fakta terkait keterampilan sosial siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusi. Permasalahan tersebut di antaranya siswa berkebutuhan khusus kelas V di SDN inklusi cenderung kurang mampu merespon orang lain, cenderung memiliki perilaku yang kurang dapat diterima oleh orang lain, dan cenderung memiliki perilaku yang kurang adaptif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan secara mendalam tentang keterampilan sosial siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusi. Hasil penelitian ini secara umum yaitu keterampilan sosial siswa berkebutuhan khusus berbeda-beda. Siswa autis cenderung memiliki keterampilan sosial yang rendah. Siswa ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) cenderung memiliki beberapa aspek keterampilan sosial yang rendah. Siswa tunagrahita cenderung memiliki keterampilan sosial yang sedang

Suasana Batin Siswa Kelas VI SD Mengenai Lingkungan Fisik dan Lingkungan Sosial di Lokalisasi Ilegal

This article contains the results of research: the mood of the students in illegal prostitution\u27s place. This study aims to reveal the mood of students about the physical environment and the social environment in the illegal prostitution\u27s place. This study used a qualitative approach with case study design. The results of the study is physical environment and social environment in illegal prostitution\u27s place tend to be less support of students to learning. Students feel uncomfortable with the situation, thus inhibiting the cognitive and social development.Artikel ini berisi hasil penelitian mengenai suasana batin siswa kelas VI SD di lokalisasi ilegal. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya kesulitan belajar siswa di lingkungan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap suasana batin siswa mengenai lingkungan fisik dan lingkungan sosial di lokalisasi ilegal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, lingkungan fisik dan sosial di lokalisasi ilegal cenderung kurang mendukung siswa. Hal ini menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan pada suasana batin siswa sehingga menghambat perkembangan kognitif serta psikososial siswa

Application of numerical modeling for optimization of selective hot water extraction of taxifolin from ‘milk thistle’ seeds

The term flavonoid is used for a class of plant chemicals known for their activity as highly potent antioxidants and accordingly their ability to protect the body against oxidative and free radical damage. Taxifolin has attracted our attention because it constitutes the flavonoid moiety in ‘milk thistle’ seeds. In this research, a novel optimization-extraction method of taxifolin from ‘milk thistle’ seeds has been developed. Total antioxidant content was measured to monitor the efficiency of the extraction under different experimental conditions (solid- liquid ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature /pressure). Response surface methodology based on numerical modeling was adopted for optimization of extraction procedures. High pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC) analysis was applied to identify taxifolin and some other phenolics in the ‘milk thistle’ extract. Using this method allowed the development of an empirical polynomial model for the production of antioxidants compounds from ‘milk thistle’ seeds. Application of such models is of great importance for pharmaceutical industries.Key words: Milk thistle, extraction, numerical modeling, antioxidant, high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC)

Pengembangan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Berprestasi Anak Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (Studi Kasus pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Blitar)

This article contains the result of research on the learning motivation development of student good achievement Indonesian labor in the elementary school district in Blitar. This research based on the good achievement students which is the parents were Indonesian labor. This research aims to know the good achievement students needs related to the study activities. This research used the qualitative approach with the case study draft. Based on the research, the study motivation of student good achievement can grow well. It's happen because the student good achievement needs related to the study activities are met.Artikel ini berisi hasil penelitian mengenai pengembangan motivasi belajar siswa berprestasi anak tenaga kerja Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Blitar. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya prestasi belajar baik yang mampu di raih oleh siswa yang merupakan anak dari orangtua yang berstatus sebagai tenaga kerja Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kebutuhan-kebutuhan siswa berprestasi yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, motivasi belajar siswa berprestasi dapat tumbuh dengan baik. Hal ini dikarenakan kebutuhan-kebutuhan yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan belajar siswa berprestsai dapat terpenuhi

EFFECT OF GRINDING AND PARTICLE SIZE ON SOME PHYSICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN

The present study was conducted to prepare nano-chitosan particles (CN) by ultrafine grinding  from crude chitosan powder (CC) using a ball mill with 130 numbers of zirconia beads in range from 0.5 to 1.5 mm diameter (75 beads 0.5 mm diameter, 30 beads 1.0 mm diameter and 25 beads 1.5 mm diameter). In addition, physical and rheological properties of chitosan solutions were determined. The results revealed that ultrafine grinding has effectively milled the chitosan particles to nanoscale. Prepared chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by  devices  X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Zetasizer particle sizes and Zeta potential of chitosan particles (after milling for 30, 60 and 90 minutes). The particle size of nano-chitosan was distributed in a range of 250-600 nm. with a polydispersity index use as an anti-oxidant and antimicrobial with reducing the amount used to deliver the desired purpose. Additional research is required to further investigate the potential value-added utilization of these chitosan derivatives in improving the quality and safety of some food products