(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-4,5-diyl)dimethanol Compound: Antibacterial Activity, Antifungal Activity and Calculated Structural Parameters

We intended to quantify the antibacterial and antifungal activity results of 4,5-dihydroisoxazole dimethanol compound (1a) against several bacteria and fungi and also calculate some structural parameters (theoretical descriptors) of compound (1a) with this work. Microdilution broth procedures were studied using microdilution wells for the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) test. Compound (1a) exhibited fair activities against all the bacteria and fungi. Compound (1a) has been a good result (MIC = 50 µg/ml) against particularly P. aeruginosa. The structure of compound (1a) was drawn, and geometrical optimization was done using the Ab initio (RHF/3-21G) level

The effect of exercises with cognitive task on cognitive functions, emotional status and quality of life on healthy young individuals

Amaç: Günümüzde artan teknolojiyle birlikte sağlıklı genç bireylerde, fiziksel aktivite düzeylerindeki azalmadan kaynaklı, kognitif durumlarında bozulma, duygu durumlarında değişiklikler ve yaşam kalitelerinde azalma görülmektedir. Kognitif görevle yapılan egzersizler bireylerin sağlık koşullarını iyileştirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı genç bireylerde kognitif görevle yapılan denge egzersizlerinin, kognitif durum, duygu durumu ve yaşam kalitesine etkilerini incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya dâhil edilme kriterlerini sağlayan 18-30 yaş aralığındaki 50 sağlıklı genç birey dâhil edildi. Bireyler randomize olarak kognitif görevli egzersiz (Grup 1) (n=25) ve sadece egzersiz (Grup 2) (n=25) grubuna ayrıldı. Bireylere günde 1 seans, haftada 3 gün olmak üzere 6 hafta boyunca egzersiz verildi. Grup 1’e aerobik egzersiz ve denge egzersizlerine ilaveten kognitif görev verildi. Grup 2’deki bireylere sadece aerobik egzersiz ve denge egzersizleri yaptırıldı. Bireyler uygulama öncesinde ve bitiminde kognitif durum (Stroop Testi, Sözel Akıcılık Testi, Sayı Menzili Testi), duygu durumu (Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği (DASÖ)) ve yaşam kalitesi (Kısa Form 36 (SF-36)) değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Egzersiz sonrası değerlendirmelerde Grup 1’de tüm kognitif testlerde ve SF-36 mental sağlık alt parametresinde, Grup 2’de tüm kognitif testlerde ve DASÖ depresyon alt parametresinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,05). Gruplar arası değerlendirmede kognitif testlerden sözel akıcılık testinde ve SF-36 mental sağlık alt parametresinde Grup 1 lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,05). Sonuç: Sağlıklı genç bireylerde, hem sadece egzersiz hem de kognitif görevle yapılan egzersizlerin kognitif fonksiyonlar üzerinde etkili olduğu görüldü. Kognitif görevle yapılan egzersizlerin sağlıklı genç bireylerin kognitif durum ve yaşam kaliteleri üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Uygulanan egzersizlerin sağlıklı genç bireylerde özellikle kognisyon ve duygu durumu üzerine etkisinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için, objektif nitelikteki çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu düşünülmektedir.Aim: Nowadays, with the increasing technology, there is a deterioration in cognitive states, changes in emotional states and a decrease in quality of life in healthy young individuals due to the decrease in physical activity levels. Exercises with cognitive tasks improve the health conditions of individuals. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of aerobic and balance exercises with the cognitive task on cognition, mood and quality of life in healthy young adults. Methods: Fifty healthy young adults between the aged 18-30 who meet the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Individuals were randomly divided into 2 groups as exercise with the cognitive tasks (Group 1) (n=25) and exercise only (Group 2) (n=25). Exercises were performed 1 session daily, 3 days a week over 6 weeks. Aerobic and balance exercises with the cognitive tasks were performed in Group 1. Only aerobic and balance exercises were performed in Group 2. Individuals were evaluated for cognition (Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Number Range Test), mood (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)) and quality of life (Short Form 36 (SF-36)) before and after the exercises. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in all cognitive tests and SF-36 mental health sub-parameter in Group 1 and in all cognitive tests and DASS depression sub-parameter in Group 2 within-group evaluations (p<0,05). Between-groups evaluations, it was found that a statistically significant difference in the Verbal Fluency Test and SF-36 mental health sub- parameter in favor of Group 1 (p<0,05). Conclusion: In healthy young adults, both exercises and exercises with the cognitive tasks were found to be effective on cognitive functions. It was concluded that aerobic and balance exercises with cognitive tasks are effective on healthy young adults' cognition and quality of life. It is thought that objective studies are needed in order to better understand the effects of exercises on cognition and mood in healthy young adults

Comparison in a rat thigh abscess model of imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam against Acinetobacter baumannii strains in terms of bactericidal efficacy and resistance selection

BACKGROUND: We compared imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam against hospital originated A. baumannii strains in terms of bactericidal efficacy and selection of resistant mutants during treatment in a rat thigh abscess model. METHODS: A total of 18 strains were inoculated in 54 animals (one strain for three animals). Randomly selected 10 among these 18 strains were inoculated in another 10 rats as the control group. Imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam were the antibiotics compared. After four days of treatment, Wistar albino rats (200 to 250 g) were sacrificed and the abscess materials were processed for mean colony counts and for the presence of resistant mutants. RESULTS: The mean CFUs per gram (mean ± (std. deviation) [×10(4)]) of the abscess were: 9,14 (25,24), 2,11 (3,78), 1,20 (1,70) in the imipenem (n = 17), meropenem (n = 18) and cefoperazone-sulbactam (n = 17) groups, respectively. The differences were not significant. On the other hand, no resistant mutant was detected in abscess materials. CONCLUSION: This study indicated; first, cefoperazone-sulbactam is comparable to carbapenems in bactericidal efficacy in this particular abscess model and second, emergence of resistance due to spontaneous mutations is not at least a frequent phenomenon among A. baumannii

Physical mapping integrated with syntenic analysis to characterize the gene space of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1A

Background: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide and its production faces pressing challenges, the solution of which demands genome information. However, the large, highly repetitive hexaploid wheat genome has been considered intractable to standard sequencing approaches. Therefore the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) proposes to map and sequence the genome on a chromosome-by-chromosome basis. Methodology/Principal Findings: We have constructed a physical map of the long arm of bread wheat chromosome 1A using chromosome-specific BAC libraries by High Information Content Fingerprinting (HICF). Two alternative methods (FPC and LTC) were used to assemble the fingerprints into a high-resolution physical map of the chromosome arm. A total of 365 molecular markers were added to the map, in addition to 1122 putative unique transcripts that were identified by microarray hybridization. The final map consists of 1180 FPC based or 583 LTC based contigs. Conclusions/Significance: The physical map presented here marks an important step forward in mapping of hexaploid bread wheat. The map is orders of magnitude more detailed than previously available maps of this chromosome, and the assignment of over a thousand putative expressed gene sequences to specific map locations will greatly assist future functional studies. This map will be an essential tool for future sequencing of and positional cloning within chromosome 1A

The Mechanism of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Diseases

The surfaces of most Haemophilus influenzae strains are covered with a polysaccharide capsule. They are divided into six groups, from a to f. H. influenzae type b serotype is responsible for invasive infections that threaten life, such as pneumonia, meningitidis, bacteremia, and epiglottitis, in children below five years of age. An increase in the level of anti-rapid plasma reagin (RPR) antibodies in plasma with age is seen, in line with a population decline in the incidence of invasive Hib disease since the 1990’s type b polysaccharide protein conjugate vaccine (Hib), while nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) is associated with invasive infections such as otitis media, acute sinusitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. The development of new vaccines against NTHi can be considered as a potential solution to protect against the population invasive diseases

In vitro antifungal activity of heterocyclic organoboron compounds against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis obtained from clinical isolates

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of thirty-eight heterocyclic organoboron compounds (1a-o, 2a-j, 3a-m) against clinically isolated dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of compounds (1a-o, 2a-j, 3a-m) were determined according to published protocol Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 broth microdilution method. The minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) for both T. mentagrophytes and M. canis were found by subculturing each fungal suspension on potato dextrose agar. According to the results, heterocyclic organoboron compounds (1a-o, 2a-j, 3a-m) were found to be more effective against dermatophyte M. canis (MIC = 3.12-25 mu g/ml) than T. mentagrophytes (MIC = 12.5-100 mu g/ml). Our findings showed that 7-membered heterocyclic organoboron compounds (3a-m) (MIC =12.5-50 mu g/ml) have stronger in vitro antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes than 5-membered heterocyclic organoboron compounds (1a-o, 2a-j) (MIC =25-100 mu g/ml). The MFC values for all compounds ranged from 6.25 to 200 mu g/ml. The limited number of systemic antifungal agents used in the treatment of dermatophyte infections and the presence of side effects have led to the search for new treatment resources in recent years. Therefore, investigation of the effect of heterocyclic organoboron compounds against dermatophytes will be promising for the discovery of new antifungal compounds that have gained great importance today

Evaluation Of A Chromogenic Medium For Rapid Detection Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Salmonella Spp.

Background & objectives: Salmonella spp. resistant to second- and third-generation cephalosporins and related antibiotics by production of various extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are on the rise in Turkey. Early detection of ESBL producing Salmonella is important to institute appropriate treatment in time. In this study rapid detection of ESBL production among clinical isolates of Salmonella was evaluated using double-disk synergy test in a new chromogenic medium. The colour of the medium changes from red to yellow with bacterial growth and red circular inhibition zones are produced around disks containing antibacterials. Methods: A total of 182 clinical isolates of Salmonella were evaluated in this study. The presence of ESBLs in clinical isolates was determined by double-disk synergy test using Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar and Quicolor E&S agar plates. Results: Six isolates were shown to harbour ESBL enzymes with double disk synergy test by Mueller Hinton agar. The same results were obtained using Quicolor E&S agar after 4-6 h by changing its colour in response to the metabolic activity of growing bacteria. Interpretation & conclusion: Our findings showed that with this new medium, the results can be evaluated rapidly within 4-6 h and the enhancement of inhibition zones can be easily detected with the colour changes thus enabling the treating physician to institute the right treatment regimen immediately.Wo

Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities for Twice Differantiable Functions via Generalized Fractional Integrals

WOS: 000502091700023In this paper we first obtain two generalized identities for twice differentiable mappings involving generalized fractional integrals defined by Sarikaya and Ertugral. Then we establish some midpoint and trapezoid type inequalities for functions whose second derivatives in absolute value are convex