Epidemiology of pemphigus in Turkey: One-year prospective study of 220 cases

Pemphigus is a group of rare and life-threatening autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. Although they occur worldwide, their incidence shows wide geographical variation, and prospective data on the epidemiology of pemphigus are very limited. Objective of this work is to evaluate the incidence and epidemiological and clinical features of patients with pemphigus in Turkey. All patients newly diagnosed with pemphigus between June 2013 and June 2014 were prospectively enrolled in 33 dermatology departments in 20 different provinces from all seven regions of Turkey. Disease parameters including demography and clinical findings were recorded. A total of 220 patients were diagnosed with pemphigus during the 1-year period, with an annual incidence of 4.7 per million people in Turkey. Patients were predominantly women, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.41. The mean age at onset was 48.9 years. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was the commonest clinical subtype (n=192; 87.3%), followed by pemphigus foliaceus (n=21; 9.6%). The most common clinical subtype of PV was the mucocutaneous type (n=83; 43.2%). The mean Pemphigus Disease Area Index was 28.14±22.21 (mean ± Standard Deviation).  The incidence rate of pemphigus in Turkey is similar to the countries of South-East Europe, higher than those reported for the Central and Northern European countries and lower than the countries around the Mediterranean Sea and Iran. Pemphigus is more frequent in middle-aged people and is more common in women. The most frequent subtype was PV, with a 9-fold higher incidence than pemphigus foliaceus.   </p

İlköğretim I. sınıfa yeni başlayan öğrencilere uygulanan eğitim-öğretime hazırlık çalışmalarının öğrenci, öğretmen ve veli görüşlerine göre değerlendirilmesi

TEZ6319Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2007.Kaynakça (s.86-90) var.x, 116 s. : 29 cm. ; 29 cm.Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilköğretim birinci sınıfa başlayan öğrencilere uygulanan eğitim-öğretime hazırlık çalışmasının nasıl uygulandığını gözlemlemek ve yapılan uygulamaları öğretmen, öğrenci ve veli görüşleri açısından değerlendirmektir. Araştırma, 2006-2007 eğitim-öğretim yılında Adana ili merkezinde bulunan üç ilköğretim okulundan toplam 30 veli, 30 öğrenci ve bu okullarda birinci sınıfı okutan 3 öğretmenden oluşmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden gözlem ve görüşme kullanılmıştır. Eğitim Öğretime Hazırlık çalışmalarının nasıl uygulandığını gözlemlemek için örnekleme alınan üç ilköğretim okulundan birinde çalışma süresince gözlem yapılmıştır. Ayrıca öğretmen, veli ve öğrencilerin hazırlık çalışmasını değerlendirmeleri amacıyla okullar açıldıktan iki hafta sonra yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmada gözleme ait verilerden elde edilen sonuçlarda; eğitim-öğretime hazırlık çalışmasının okulun ilk gününden veli ve çocuklarda okula karşı olumlu izlenimler edinmesine katkıda bulunduğu, çalışmalar kapsamında öğretmen ve öğrencilerin birbirlerini yakından tanıdığı, öğrencilerin kendilerini daha güvende hissetmelerini ve okulda daha rahat hareket etmelerini sağladığı, öğrencilerin, katıldığı etkinliklerle okulu hem eğlenceli bir yer olarak algılanmasına hem de öğrenci-öğretmen ilişkisini arttırdığı, uygulamaya velilerinde katılmış olmasının hem veli-öğretmen ilişkisini artırdığı hem de velilerin birbirlerini tanımalarını sağladığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.The aim of this study is observing how the preparation study for education is implemented on first grade primary school students and evaluating applied studies in terms of teachers, students and parents' opinions. This research includes 30 parents, 30 students and 3 teachers from 3 primary schools located in the city center of Adana in 2006-2007 educational years. Observations and interviews which are the methods of qualitative research have been used as tools to collect data. Observations have been prepared in one of the 3 elementary schools in which the samples have been taken to observe the implementations of the preparation study for the educational year. In addition, there have been interviews with half-made forms to enable teachers, parents and students for evaluating their preparation studies. In the result of research provided from the data pertaining to the observations, It is showed that the preparation study for education provided positive impression on parents and students against the school, Teachers and students knew each other closely, Students felt safer and more comfortable at school, Students attended to more activities and started perceiving the school as a fun place, The relationships between students and teachers have become better, Attending to this practice, the parents knew each other better and also the relations between parents and teachers have become better. In the result taken from the interviews, it is showed that the children starting to school harmoniously affects the atmosphere of the class positively. Besides, the children considered positively about this study. During the practice It is comprehended that because the teachers have not been informed enough by National Education or the school administration. They could not prepare their self enough and, the program related to preparation study sent to schools have not been enough detailed. It is notified that the duration of study should be extended because of the personal differences for each student and their adaptations.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No

The Evaluation of Preperation Studies for Education Applied to First Grade Primary School

Bu araştırmanın amacı ilköğretim birinci sınıfa başlayan öğrencilere uygulanan eğitim-öğretime hazırlık çalışmalarının, öğrencilerin okula uyum sağlamalarına olan etkisini öğretmen, öğrenci ve veli görüşleri açısından değerlendirmektir. Bu çalışma; 2006-2007 eğitim- öğretim yılında, Adana ilinde bulunan 3 ilköğretim okulunda yürütülmüştür. Nitel araştırma deseninin kullanıldığı çalışmada gözlem ve görüşme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bir sınıfta eğitim-öğretime hazırlık uygulamaları program süresince sürekli olarak gözlem yapılmıştır. Üç ilköğretim okulundan toplam 30 veli, 30 öğrenci ve 3 öğretmen ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; eğitim-öğretime hazırlık çalışmalarının okulun ilk gününden veli ve çocukların, okula karşı olumlu izlenimler edinmesine, öğretmen ve öğrencilerin birbirlerini yakından tanımasına, öğrencilerin kendilerini daha güvende hissetmelerine ve okulda daha rahat hareket etmelerin katkıda bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerle birlikte yapılan etkinlikler okulun hem eğlenceli bir yer olarak algılanmasını sağlamış ve öğrenci– öğretmen ilişkisinin arttırmıştır. Ayrıca uygulamaya velilerin de katılmış olması hem veli-öğretmen ilişkisini artırdığı hem de velilerin birbirlerini tanımalarını sağladığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.The aim of this study is observing how the preparation study for education is implemented on first grade primary school students and evaluating applied studies in terms of teachers, students and parents' opinions. This research includes 3 primary schools located in the city center of Adana in 2006-2007 educational years. Observations and interviews which are the methods of qualitative research have been used as tools to collect data. Observations have been prepared in one of the 3 elementary schools in which the samples have been taken to observe the implementations of the preparation study for the educational year. This research includes 30 parents, 30 students and 3 teachers from 3 primary schools In the result of research provided from the data pertaining to the observations, It is showed that the preparation study for education provided positive impression on parents and students against the school, Teachers and students knew each other closely, Students felt safer and more comfortable at school, Students attended to more activities and started perceiving the school as a fun place, The relationships between students and teachers have become better, Attending to this practice, the parents knew each other better and also the relations between parents and teachers have become better

Does waste energy usage mitigate the CO2 emissions? A time-frequency domain analysis

There exist many seminal studies in the literature searching the influences of total renewable usage (or usage of its some components) on CO2&nbsp;emissions. However, to the best of our knowledge, there does not exist a research work in the literature considering the co-movements between waste energy consumption and CO2&nbsp;emissions. This paper aims at observing the possible negative or positive impacts of waste energy consumption on environmental quality (in terms of CO2) by monitoring the whole sample period and all subsample periods in the USA for the monthly period 1980:1–2018:12. This paper searches also the positive or negative lead-lag relations between waste and CO2&nbsp;emissions, if exist, by considering high frequency (1–3-year&nbsp;cycle) and low frequency (3–8-year&nbsp;cycle) of the same sample period and subsample periods. The findings obtained by this research in general might underline (a) the outcome indicating that waste energy usage has been effective in diminishing the carbon emissions after the second half of the 2010s in the USA and (b) the energy policy act(s) in the USA implemented which eventually resulted in lower CO2&nbsp;emissions in the USA especially after the second half of the 2000s. The paper suggests as well some policy proposals which might result in positive contribution of waste energy on environmental quality.</p

Determining the aortic and renal hemodynamic effects of propofol on rabbits using Doppler ultrasonography

AMAÇ Anestezik ajanlardan propofol ve fentanilin hemodinamik etkileri, sistemik arter basıncı ve kalp hızında azalma ile karakterizedir. Çalışmamızda, hayvan modeli kullanarak, bu hemodinamik değişikliklerin aorta ve renal arter kan akımı üzerine olan etkilerinin, Doppler US ile belirlenmesi amaçlandı. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM Çalışma, 8 adet "New Zealand White" cinsi erkek tavşanda planlandı. Hayvanların, bazal aorta ve renal arter Doppler parametreleri (rezistif indeks, pulsatilite indeksi, maksimal ve minimal hızlar) intramüsküler 30 mg/kg ketamin ile sedasyon sonrası elde olundu. Bu esnada sağ femoral arter kanülasyonu ile arter basıncı ve kulaktan puls oksimetre değerleri izlendi. Kulak veninden 5-7 mg/kg propofol ve 1-2 µg/kg fentanil uygulamasından sonra renal arter ve aortaya ait Doppler parametre ölçümleri tekrarlandı. Tavşanların bazal ölçüm değerlerine göre propofol ve fentanil anestezisi sırasında arter basıncı ve solunum hızında belirgin bir azalma (sırası ile %27 ve %53, p<0.05) saptanmasına rağmen aorta ve renal arter Doppler parametrelerinde istatistiksel farklılık saptanmadı. SONUÇ Propofol-fentanil anestezisi renal arter ve aorta Doppler parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık yaratmamaktadır; postoperatif dönemde rezistif indeks ve pulsatilite indeksi değerlerinde değişiklik saptanması durumunda bu değişikliğin propofol-fentanil anestezisi kökenli olmadığının bilinmesi klinik olarak önem taşımaktadır.PURPOSE: The hemodynamic effects of propofol-fentanyl anesthesia was known to reduce arterial pressure and heart rate. We aimed to determine the effects of propofol-fentanyl anesthesia on renal artery blood flow and aorta by using Doppler ultrasonography on an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 8 male New Zaeland White strain rabbits. The initial aortic and renal hemodynamic measurements were determined on animals using ketamin anesthesia. Later the right femoral arteries were cannulated for determining arterial blood pressure and pulse oximetry was followed from the ear. Propofol 5-7 mg/kg with fentanyl 1-2 &micro;g/kg was injected via the ear vein. Doppler parameters (RI, RI, Vmax, Vmin) of the renal artery and aorta were determined after the anesthesia. RESULTS: According to the basal measurements, arterial blood pressure and breath rates declined significantly (27% and 53% respectively, p&lt;0.05); however there were no statistical alteration of aortic and renal artery Doppler parameters. CONCLUSION: Anesthesia induced by propofol-fentanyl did not induce a statistically significant difference in Doppler parameters obtained from the renal artery and aorta. It is clinically important to know that determining the changes in RI and PI during the postoperative period is not related to the propofol-fentanyl anesthesia

Export quality, economic growth, and renewable-nonrenewable energy use: non-linear evidence through regime shifts

Since export has a key role in economic growth in terms of national production quantity, export quality can be considered another important factor regarding the revenue from the export product. Hence, both export and export quality can contribute to the economic growth process positively when the countries' terms of trade have moved in a favorable direction from this point of view, it is essential to examine the relationship between the energy-growth nexus and export quality. Although available seminal studies are monitoring the energy-growth nexus, there exists a limited number of works employing the export quality. Besides, one might claim that there exists no research on how the terms of trade (export quality) alter the economic growth and energy use through regime shifts. Markov regime-shifting models estimate (a) the impact of export and terms of trade on growth, and (b) the effect of growth on the use of fossil energy and renewable energy for the USA at regime 1 and regime 2 for the period 1980:Q4-2019:Q2. After conducting the non-linear analyses, this paper (i) reveals the estimated parameters varying from one regime to another regime through transition probabilities, (ii) finds evidence that (a) export and export quality growths affect positively GDP growth, (b) GDP growth increases fossil fuel consumption growth, (c) renewable energy growth increases at decreasing rate due to GDP growth, and (iii) yields relevant energy-environmental policy proposals by underlying the prominence of terms of trade within growth-energy nexus