The Effect of Interaction and Product Quality on Customer Satisfaction: Multi-Group Structural Equation Modelling

The aim of this article is to investigate the differences in the effect of personal interaction quality and product quality on customer satisfaction between supermarkets and discount markets. To evaluate the data and test the measurement and structural invariance, multi-group structural equation modelling is used. The data used in this study were comprised of 52.6% supermarket customers and 47.4% discount market customers. Our results show strong measurement invariance of the scale. There is no significant difference in the construct validity of product and personal interaction quality and customer satisfaction between supermarkets and discount markets. The product and personal interaction quality scores are significantly higher in supermarkets than in discount markets; however, the customer satisfaction scores are significantly lower in supermarkets. The product and personal interaction quality have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction for both the supermarkets and discount markets. Significant differences are found between the two types of markets in terms of the relationship between personal interaction quality and product quality on customer satisfaction. While the direct effect of product quality on customer satisfaction is higher in discount markets, the direct effect of personal interaction quality on customer satisfaction is the same in discount and supermarkets

Modern Dönemde Seyyid Ahmed Han ve Fazlur Rahman’a Göre Ahkâmın Değişmesi

Kur’an-ı Kerim, İslâm dininin ana kaynağı olması itibariyle her dönemde ona inanan insanların hayatına yön vermek amacıyla anlaşılmak durumundadır. Bu anlama ve anlamlandırma çabası Müslümanlar arasında metot ve tarz farklılığını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Kur’ân’ın, özellikle sosyal alana nüfuz eden ahkâm ayetlerinin, modern zamanda uygulanabilirliği sorunu, Müslümanların yüz yüze geldiği bir problemdir. Bu konunun anlaşılabilmesi için öncelikli olarak Müslümanları bu noktaya getiren fikrî zeminin incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada öncelikli olarak bu konuya değinilecek sonrasında da ahkâmın değişmesi ve bu değişmenin sınırları ele alınacaktır. Değişmenin sınırları ele alınırken de konu İslam hukuku açısından kısaca incelenecektir. Akabinde, ahkâmın değiştirilmesi ve bu değişim alanının geniş tutulması gerektiğini söyleyenlerin, düşüncelerini Hz. Ömer'in gerçekleştirdiği uygulamalara dayandırmaları nedeniyle Hz. Ömer'in konuyla en çok ilişkili olan uygulamaları incelenecektir. Çalışmanın konusunun çok geniş kapsamlı olması itibariyle ve klasik dönemde; ahkâmın değişmesinin günümüzdeki kadar zihinleri meşgul etmediği gerçeğinden yola çıkarak, ahkâmın değişmesinden yana tavır ortaya koyan Seyyid Ahmed Han ve Fazlur Rahman’ın konu ile görüşleri incelenerek çalışma sonlandırılacaktır

Investigation of the properties of natural fibre woven fabrics as a reinforcement materials for green composites

The mechanical properties of flax and jute woven fabrics were investigated and compared with each other. Mechanical properties of the yarns and fabrics were characterised and compared for each scale. The fabric structure, yarn physical properties, fibre cross-section, and fibre molecular structure parameters of the fabric were investigated. FTIR and TGA thermogram analyses were applied to the fabrics to characterise them. The fabric tensile strength was attributed to the composite tensile strength, but there was not a direct relation. The tensile strength of natural fibre fabrics was determined as significantly reduced depending on the temperature increase. This condition should be considered as an important limitation for composite applications

Domestic violence impact on adolescentsAile içi şiddetin ergenler üzerindeki etkisi

Objcective: This research was performed in order to evaluate the effects on adolescents of witnessing intrafamilial violence. Methods: 1196 students attending four high schools affiliated to the Ministry of Education in the Turkish province of Karaman represented the research sample in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. A questionnaire eliciting students’ individual characteristics, together with witnessing interparental violence, acceptance of interpersonal violence and use of violence scales were employed as data collection tools. Findings: Age, type of school, parental education levels, income, the family being in receipt of economic assistance, the student working in paid employment and number of siblings were significantly correlated with adolescent witnessing of violence. A positive correlation was determined between witnessing violence and acceptance and use of violence.Results: The research shows that adolescents witnessing violence has positive effects on their attitudes toward violence. Intrafamilial violence in particular therefore needs to be reduced and families need to receive counseling on the subject in order for the levels of violence in society to be lowered. ÖzetAmaç: Buaraştırma; ergenlerin aile içi şiddete tanık olmasının şiddete yönelik tutumlarına etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türdeki araştırmanın örneklemini Karaman ilinde Milli Eğitim bakanlığına bağlı dört lisedeki 1196 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; öğrencilerin bireysel özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik soru formu, ebeveynler arası şiddete tanıklık ölçeği, şiddet kabullenme ve şiddet uygulama ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Yaş, okul türü, baba ve annenin eğitim durumu, gelir durumu, ailenin ekonomik yardım alma durumu, öğrencinin gelir getiren bir işte çalışma durumu, kardeş sayısı değişkenleri ile ergenlerin şiddete tanıklık etme durumları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Araştırmada şiddete tanıklık etme durumu ile şiddeti kabullenme ve şiddet uygulama arasında pozitif şekilde korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmada ergenlerin şiddete tanıklık etme durumunun şiddete yönelik tutumları üzerinde önemli etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle toplumda şiddet oranlarının azalması için öncelikle aile içi şiddetin azaltılması, ailelere bu konuda danışmalık verilmesinin gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır.

The effect of herbal approaches on oral mucosıtıs ın adult cancer patıents - a systematıc revıew of nursıng studıes / o efeito das abordagens herbais na mucosite oral em pacientes adultos com câncer - uma revisão sistemática de estudos de enfermagem

Objective: to examine the effects of herbal approaches on oral mucositis in adult cancer patients. Method: systematic review following Cochrane guidelines, with a search for experimental and randomized studies from 2013 to 2023. English studies on herbal interventions in patients over 18 years were included. Results: eight studies that used herbal interventions to treat oral mucositis were evaluated. The herbs tested included aloe vera, althaea root, turmeric, chamomile, grape vinegar, rose water, fruit/vegetable juice, and mulberry extract. The interventions varied in frequency and duration but showed positive results, reducing oral mucositis intensity, pain, and other symptoms. Some interventions were as effective as conventional treatments like chlorhexidine. Conclusion: the research suggests that herbal approaches can be beneficial in managing oral mucositis in cancer patients, but more studies are needed to confirm these results.Objetivo: examinar los efectos de los enfoques herbales en la mucositis oral en pacientes adultos con cáncer. Método: revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices de Cochrane, con una búsqueda de estudios experimentales y aleatorizados entre 2013 y 2023. Se incluyeron estudios en inglés sobre intervenciones herbales en pacientes mayores de 18 años. Resultados: se evaluaron ocho estudios que utilizaron intervenciones herbales para tratar la mucositis oral. Las hierbas probadas incluyeron aloe vera, raíz de althaea, cúrcuma, manzanilla, vinagre de uva, agua de rosas, jugo de frutas/verduras y extracto de moras. Las intervenciones variaron en frecuencia y duración, pero mostraron resultados positivos, reduciendo la intensidad de la mucositis oral, el dolor y otros síntomas. Algunas intervenciones fueron tan eficaces como tratamientos convencionales como la clorhexidina. Conclusión: la investigación sugiere que los enfoques herbales pueden ser beneficiosos para el manejo de la mucositis oral en pacientes con cáncer, pero se necesitan más estudios para confirmar estos resultados.Objetivo: examinar os efeitos das abordagens herbais na mucosite oral em pacientes adultos com câncer. Método: revisão sistemática seguindo as diretrizes da Cochrane, com uma busca por estudos experimentais e randomizados entre 2013 e 2023. Foram incluídos estudos em inglês sobre intervenções herbais em pacientes com mais de 18 anos. Resultados: foram avaliados oito estudos que usaram intervenções herbais para tratar a mucosite oral. As ervas testadas incluíram aloe vera, raiz de althaea, cúrcuma, camomila, vinagre de uva, água de rosas, suco de frutas/vegetais e extrato de amoreira. As intervenções variaram em frequência e duração, mas mostraram resultados positivos, reduzindo a intensidade da mucosite oral, dor e outros sintomas. Algumas intervenções foram tão eficazes quanto tratamentos convencionais como a clorexidina. Conclusão: a pesquisa sugere que abordagens herbais podem ser benéficas no manejo da mucosite oral em pacientes com câncer, mas mais estudos são necessários para confirmar esses resultados.

Preparation and comparison of standard and mesoporous WO3 films

Bu çalışmada, standart ve gözenekli WO3 filmler, başlangıç malzemesi olarak tungsten hekzaklorit (WCl6) ve ethanol kullanılarak sol-gel yöntemlerinden olan döndürme tekniğiyle hazırlanmıştır. Gözenekli tungsten oksit filmler, tungsten oksit solune dört farklı tip polimer eklenerek kaplanmıştır. Söz konusu polimerler: (BASFTM Pluronic p123) (p1), poly(ethylene glycol) (p2), polyethylene glycol-ran-propylene glycol (p3) ve polystyrene-co-allyl-alchl (p4)’dır. Bu polimerler kullanılarak gözenekli WO3 filmler hazırlanmış ve filmlerin optik, yapısal ve elektrokromik özellikleri standart (s1) WO3 filmler ile kıyaslanmıştır. Filmlerden UV aydınlatma yöntemi ile polimer kalıpların uzaklaştırılması başarılmıştır. Aynı zamanda UV aydınlatma işlemi uygulanmış tungsten oksit filmlerin renklenme etkinliği değerlerinde düzelme gözlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Elektrokromism, gözenekli WO3 filmler, iyon giriş-çıkış kinetiği, sol-gel, uv aydınlatma.In this study, standard and mesoporous sol-gel WO3 thin films were prepared by a spin coating technique from an ethanolic solution of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6). Different types of polymers were employed as a template to generate the mesoporous structure. These polymers: (BASFTM Pluronic p123) (p1), poly(ethylene glycol) (p2), polyethylene glycol-ran-propylene glycol (p3) and polystyrene-co-allyl-alchl (p4). To avoid the varying degrees of crystallinity as a result of thermal treatment, a UV illumination method has been employed to remove the polymer surfactant. This room temperature approach uses ozone generated during UV illumination in air to oxidize the organic compounds.  The electrochromic and optical properties of the mesoporous films are described and compared to standard sol-gel WO3 films. Results are also presented on the samples prepared by thermal treatment. We demonstrate that the UV illumination treatment is a superior method to remove templates which enables us to more effectively investigate the effect of mesoporosity on the electrokinetics of ion insertion into WO3 films. These mesoporous materials exhibit superior high rate ion-insertion performance when used as electrochromic layers, which is attributed to the high surface area of mesoporous WO3. The films were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ellipsometre and cyclic voltammetry. Keywords: Electrochromism, insertion kinetics, mesoporous WO3 films, sol-gel, uv illumination

The association of oxidative stress with serum irisin and betatrophin in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Background. Irisin and betatrophin are polypeptide hormones implicated in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (IR). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is accompanied by oxidative stress (OS) and the association between circulating irisin and betatrophin levels and GDM is controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the association of second-trimester irisin, betatrophin concentrations and their correlations between serum OS markers in GDM patients. Methods. The study included 45 GDM patients and 45-age matched pregnant women as controls. Serum fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, ischemia modified albumin (IMA), total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), irisin and betatrophin were measured. Results. Serum irisin levels were decreased and TOS and OSI levels were found to be increased in the patient group. No significant difference was found with respect to serum betatrophin and IMA levels between study groups. A correlation analysis revealed no correlation between serum irisin and other assessed variables. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes mellitus is an OS condition in addition to being a metabolic disease. Although not correlated with OS, irisin but not betatrophin may be a useful biomarker to predict GDM

Care Burden Of Care Givers Of Stroke Patients And Related Factors

Giriş: İnmeli hastaların yaşadığı sorunlar sadece hastayı değil, bakım veren aile üyelerini ve yakınlarını da etkilemektedir. Amaç: Çalışma,inmeli hastaya bakım verenlerde bakım yükü ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Cumhuriyet ÜniversitesiHastanesi Nöroloji Kliniği'nde yapılan çalışmanın örneklemini inme tanısı ile yatan 130 hasta bakım vericisi oluşturmuştur. Veriler, Türkçegeçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları Özer ve arkadaşları (2006) tarafından yapılan Zarit Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği ve Küçükdeveci vearkadaşları (2000) tarafından yapılan Barthel Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri İndeksi ile toplanmış ve ki-kare, Student t, Mann-Whitney U,Kruskal-Wallis testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada inmeli hastaların bakım vericilerinin bakım yükü orta derecedebulunmuştur. Okur-yazar olmayan, günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde bağımlı hastaya bakım veren, sağlık sorunu olan bakım vericilerin bakımyüklerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, hastaların bağımlılık düzeyi ile bakım vericilerin bakım yükü arasında pozitif yönde anlamlıbir ilişki (p < .05) elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: İnmeli hastaya bakım vermek bakım vericilerin yükünü arttırmaktadır. Hemşirelerin bakımvericilerde bakım yükünü etkileyen faktörleri göz önünde bulundurarak sürekli eğitim programları ve etkili danışmanlık ile klinikten evdebakıma kadar olan hemşirelik hizmetlerini planlaması ve uygulaması önemlidir. Yükün bilinmesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin ortaya çıkarılmasıhem bakım vericilerin hem de alıcıların yaşam kalitesini artırmaya katkı sağlayacaktır. Background: Problems experienced by patients with stroke not only the patient, it also affects family members. Objectives: This study wasconducted for the determine the related factors and burden of caregivers of stroke patients. Methods: Sampling group of the study included130 primary caregiver of stroke patients hospitalized the Neurology Clinic of Cumhuriyet University's Hospital. The data collected by TheZarit Caregiver Burden Scale and the Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index. The validity and reliability study for this tools in Turkey wereconducted by Özer et al. (2006) and Küçükdeveci et al. (2000), respectively. Chi-square, student-t, Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used in the data analysis. Results: In this study, care burden in care givers of stroke patients were found to moderate level.According to this study, It was higher burden of care of caregivers who illiterate, suffer health problems, providing patients care that dependon maintaining activities of daily living and meet all the needs of the patient. There is a close relationship between the level of dependency ofpatients and burden perceived of caregivers (p < .05). Conclusions: Provide care to patients with stroke increase to the care burden of caregivers. According to these results, nurses must consider the factors affecting the burden of care in caregivers. It is important to regulationeffective consulting and continuing education programs, to maintenance the implementation and planning of nursing services from clinic tohome care. To know and to reveal the factors affecting the care burden will contribute to improving the quality of life of patients and theircaregiver

Self-medication with antibiotics: questionnaire survey among primary care center attendants

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and reasons for self-medication with antibiotics within the last 12 months among primary healthcare center attendants aged 18 or over, in Ankara. Methods A questionnaire was applied by face to face interview technique to 2696 subjects attending at five primary healthcare centers. Information on demographic characteristics, intention to self-medication with antibiotics and self-medication within last 12 months were collected. Results It was found that 28% of the subjects were storing antibiotics at home. The percentage of self-administering antibiotics was 19.1% in the last 12 months. The most common reasons for self-administration of antibiotics were sore throat (59.6%), fever (46.2%), and cough (40.0%). Other reasons were dental infection, rheumatism, and fatigue. According to age groups, the most common self-medicating group was those aged 40–49 with 23% while the least self-usage was in the 60–69 age groups with 11.8%. Male sex, being single, educational level of secondary school or higher, being employed and not having social security increased self-administration of antibiotics ( p<0.05). Conclusions The study indicated the need for legal regulations regarding the sale of antibiotics without prescription and, health education is required for the community to decrease the inappropriate use of antibiotics and self-medication

Predicting mortality and morbidity of geriatric femoral fractures using a modified frailty index and perioperative features: a prospective, multicentre and observational study

Introduction: Femoral fracture is associated with high geriatric mortality. Frailty is the increased vulnerability to stressors resulting from aging-associated decreases in physiological reserve. We aimed to predict 30-365-day postoperative mortality and morbidity rates using modified frailty index and perioperative characteristics in geriatric femoral fractures. Materials and Method: Using a prospective observational design, data were collected from patients >65 years undergoing femoral fracture surgery from 13 different hospitals in 2016 and 2017. Post-discharge follow-up periods were 30, 90, 180, and 365 days. Age, sex, modified frailty index and anaesthesia types used during surgery were recorded. Renal markers, troponin I and haemoglobin levels were examined preoperatively and postoperatively at 24 and 72 hours. Results: We included 392 patients in this study. The age of the patients were between 65 and 101 (mean, 79 +/- 11.9). Median modified frailty index was 5 (interquartile range, 2-7). Increase in modified frailty index increased mortality rate. Mortality rate at postoperative 30 days was 9.8%, while overall study mortality rate was 23%. Spinal anaesthesia was administered in 205 patients (52.3%, most frequent), followed by general in 110 (28.1%), peripheral nerve blocks in 21 (5.4) and spinal-epidural in 43 (11%). Anaesthesia type affected both intensive care unit (p<0.001) and total hospitalization (p<0.012) duration. A logistic regression model revealed that frailty index, preoperative creatinine and centre type were independent mortality predictors. Conclusion: Increased modified frailty index was associated with higher postoperative mortality risk, thus providing an additional way for improving risk stratification. Preoperative creatinine increase and centre types are determining factors in mortality