Censorship under allied occupation of İstanbul: The analysis of Tasvir-i Efkar Newspaper

This thesis aims to examine pre-print censorship in occupied Istanbul by analyzing the signs of censorship and the censored content in the Tasvîr-i Efkâr newspaper throughout the research period (November 1918-1922). Consisting of two main components, the first part approached the mechanism by questioning how was established, its workplace, who is involved, its guidelines, and alterations. The second component is an attempt to understand the censorship regime of the period with the analysis of Tasvîr-i Efkâr. Hence, it endeavors to evaluate the frequently seen censored content by analyzing them day-by-day and transforming its intensity into a systematical data. Thus, it attempted to demonstrate the observed restrictions not a constant policy against the Anatolian Movement, but a multi-component system having motivations, fluctuations in its intensity, alterations in the censored content, and the policies of governments. Therefore, the second chapter attempted to study the mechanism on the Istanbul press through two sub-sections; the censorship of the Ottoman government and the Interallied. The third chapter examines the newspaper in four-parts (1) the transition period, (2) the peak period of censorship, (3) of Congresses, and (4) the term between the Ali Rıza Paşa’s government and de jure occupation of Istanbul. Lastly, it questions why Tevhîd-i Efkâr was able to publish news about Anatolia enthusiastically despite the Interallied censorship and what were the censored contents between April 1921/August 1922. The three sub-chapters formed with the censorship peak points to seek the causes of censorship intensity, and the final writing examined how pre-print censorship was terminate

The Relationship Between Perceptions of Winning and Achievement Goals of Female Basketball Players

The aim of this study was to measure the levels of perceptions of winning and determine the achievement goals of female basketball players, and to investigate the relationship between the two. Ninety-two female basketball players between the ages of 16 and 31 (Xage=19.45± 3.46; Xsportage= 6.97± 4.64) participated in this study. In order to measure the participants’ perceptions related to winning, the “Perception of Winning Scale”, developed by Okur and Güven (2012), was used. The "2x2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire”, developed by Conroy et al. (2003) and adapted for Turkish by Kazak Çetinkalp et al. (2009), was used to determine the achievement goals of the participants. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Product-Moment Multiplication Correlation Analysis, and the independent t-test were used to analyse the data. The participants scored high on the Perception of Winning Scale, while their highest mean scores on the 2x2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire were on the “mastery approach” subscale. Pearson correlation analysis revealed the existence of a statistically significant and positive correlation between winning perception and performance-approach and between winning perception and performance-avoidance. The results of this study indicated that the participating female basketball players perceived winning as being ahead of others, being superior to or not being surpassed by others, and not being behind others. We thus concluded that they attributed winning to external factors

Tüketiciden Tüketiciye E-Ticaret Olanağı Sağlayan Web Sitelerinin Deneyimsel Pazarlama Faaliyetlerinin Tüketicilerin Plansız Satın Alma Davranışlarına ve Tatminlerine Etkisi: Konya İli Örneği

Sürekli değişim gösteren tüketici beklentileri gerçeği ile karşı karşıya olan işletmeler bu süreçte pazarlama faaliyetlerini dinamik tutmak zorundadırlar. Deneyimsel pazarlama işletmelere bu noktada yardımcı olan stratejik bir kavramdır. Deneyimsel pazarlama, ürünün yaratacağı faydayı tüketiciye yaşatma amacındadır ve ürünün duyusal, hissel, bilişsel, davranışsal ve sosyal açılardan deneyimlenmesine odaklanmaktadır. Deneyimsel pazarlama her türlü platformda gerçekleşebilmektedir. Tüketiciden tüketiciye e- ticaret olanağı sağlayan web siteleri de bu platformlardan biridir. Özellikle, tüketicilerin son derece özgür ve interaktif oldukları dijital teknoloji ve internet çağında kendi ürünlerini elektronik ortamlarda satmaları ve yine kendileri gibi olan bireysel satıcılardan ürün satın almaları hatta plansız bir şekilde satın almaları ve satın alma sonucunda tatmin olmayı beklemeleri son derece olasıdır. Deneyimsel pazarlama faaliyetlerinin söz konusu platformda bu davranışları ne kadar ve ne yönde etkilediği ise önemli bir sorudur. Bu çalışma, tüketiciden tüketiciye e-ticaret olanağı sağlayan web sitelerinin deneyimsel pazarlama faaliyetlerinin tüketicilerin plansız satın alma davranışlarına ve tatminlerine etkisini tespit amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemi için Konya ilinde yaşayan ve tüketiciden tüketiciye alışveriş olanağı sağlayan web-sitelerinden daha önce alışveriş yapmış bireyler tercih edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda seçilen örneklem üzerinde yüz yüze anket yöntemi kullanılarak bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Veriler SPSS 24 İstatistiksel Paket Programı ile analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar kapsamında; katılımcıların demografik özellikleri ve ankette yer alan ifadelere verdikleri yanıtların istatistiklerine göre, genç ve eğitim seviyesi yüksek bireylerden oluştukları görülmüştür. Katılımcıların tüketiciden tüketiciye e-ticaret olanağı sağlayan web sitelerinin deneyimsel pazarlama faaliyetlerine yönelik görüşleri olumludur, katılımcılar bu web sitelerinden yaptıkları alışverişlerden tatmin olmuşlardır fakat bu web sitelerinden plansız şekilde ürün satın almamaktadırlar. Faktör analizi sonucunda deneyimsel pazarlama duyusal-bilişsel, davranışsal-sosyal ve hissel olmak üzere üç faktöre ayrılmıştır. Çok değişkenli regresyon analizi; davranışsal-sosyal deneyimlerin plansız satın almaya, duyusal-bilişsel ve hissel deneyimlerin ise müşteri tatminine olumlu anlamda etkisi olduğu sonucunu ortaya koymuştur. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda plansız satın alma ile müşteri tatmini arasında ters yönlü ilişki bulunmuştur

BURSA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ ORTAM HAVASINDA ORGANOKLORLU PESTİSİTLER (OCP’LER): KONSANTRASYON DAĞILIMLARI, MUHTEMEL KAYNAKLARI VE SAĞLIK RİSKLERİ

Organoklorlu pestisitler (OCP’ler) fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklere göre tüm çevrede bulunan ve dünyada en yaygın olarak kullanılan kimyasalların başında gelmektedir. Yaklaşık 40 yıldır kullanımları yasak olmasına rağmen hem kararlılıklarından hem de kaçak kullanımlarından dolayı günümüzde hala insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Bursa sınırları içerinde yer alan 15 iç ve 6 dış ortam havasında OCP konsantrasyonlarının seviyeleri, muhtemel kaynakları ve soluma yoluyla oluşabilecek kanser riski hesabı değerlendirilmiştir. Toplam 10 OCP bileşiğinin iç ortam havasındaki konsantrasyon değerlerinin 467,8±94,9 pg/m3, dış ortam havasındaki konsantrasyon değerlerinin ise 419,3±137,1 pg/m3 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Örnekleme noktalarındaki binaların yaşının yanı sıra dış ortam havasında da tarımsal alanların varlığı ve yakınlığı iç ortam OCP konsantrasyonlarının dağılımlarında önemli rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. Muhtemel kaynakların değerlendirilmesinde izomer oranlarından yararlanılmıştır. Bu izomer oranlarına göre, Bursa’da OCP’lerin esas kaynaklarını lindanların oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yine aynı oranlara göre günümüzde hala Bursa’da pestisit kullanıldığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Son olarak hem iç hem de dış ortam havasının solunması yoluyla oluşabilecek kanser riskleri artan yaşam boyu kanser riski (ILCR) yöntemine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen hesaplamalara göre, Bursa’da hem iç hem de dış ortamda OCP’lerin solunması yoluyla oluşabilecek herhangi bir kanser riski tespit edilmemiştir

HLA B-27 Subtypes in Turkish Patients with Spondyloarthropathy and Healthy Controls

The frequency and the distribution of HLA-B27 subtypes in spondylarthropathy (SpA) patients and controls were investigated in a sample Turkish population. B27 subtyping was performed by PCR-SSP method in two groups: 49 unrelated HLA-B27 positive Turkish patients with the diagnosis of SpA according to the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group Criteria, and 55 HLA-B27 positive healthy controls. The frequency of HLA-B(∗)27 was 2.6% in the Turkish population, and B(∗)2705 was the predominant allele among patients with SpA. The difference was mainly between male patients and male controls The proportion of B(∗)2705 among B27-positive patients and controls was significantly different (P = 0.02). Our study supports other reports from different populations which showed that B(∗)2705 and B(∗)2702 were more frequent in Caucasian patients with SpA

Bi-allelic truncating variants in CASP2 underlie a neurodevelopmental disorder with lissencephaly

Lissencephaly (LIS) is a malformation of cortical development due to deficient neuronal migration and abnormal formation of cerebral convolutions or gyri. Thirty-one LIS-associated genes have been previously described. Recently, biallelic pathogenic variants in CRADD and PIDD1, have associated with LIS impacting the previously established role of the PIDDosome in activating caspase-2. In this report, we describe biallelic truncating variants in CASP2, another subunit of PIDDosome complex. Seven patients from five independent families presenting with a neurodevelopmental phenotype were identified through GeneMatcher-facilitated international collaborations. Exome sequencing analysis was carried out and revealed two distinct novel homozygous (NM_032982.4:c.1156delT (p.Tyr386ThrfsTer25), and c.1174 C > T (p.Gln392Ter)) and compound heterozygous variants (c.[130 C > T];[876 + 1 G > T] p.[Arg44Ter];[?]) in CASP2 segregating within the families in a manner compatible with an autosomal recessive pattern. RNA studies of the c.876 + 1 G > T variant indicated usage of two cryptic splice donor sites, each introducing a premature stop codon. All patients from whom brain MRIs were available had a typical fronto-temporal LIS and pachygyria, remarkably resembling the CRADD and PIDD1-related neuroimaging findings. Other findings included developmental delay, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypotonia, seizure, poor social skills, and autistic traits. In summary, we present patients with CASP2-related ID, anterior-predominant LIS, and pachygyria similar to previously reported patients with CRADD and PIDD1-related disorders, expanding the genetic spectrum of LIS and lending support that each component of the PIDDosome complex is critical for normal development of the human cerebral cortex and brain function

Urban Landscapes

The issue focuses on philosophies and designs that shape our cities on a broader scale; exploring different approaches between architecture, built environment, and nature; from material to medicinal plants, from plant scale to urban and social sciences. The issue examines the natural and built environment in Istanbul through the relationship between urban planning, urban space, architecture, and landscape architecture. It focuses on designs made in different parts of Istanbul between natural areas and built areas in the city. The urban landscape is an effective and important design process that includes the interaction of architecture, city planning, and landscape architecture disciplines and creates the living environment of people within and between buildings. It has a complementary and important effect in the process of providing and maintaining the physical, physiological, psychological, and social needs of its users. It covers structural design and furniture location selection and design as well as planting. The special issue on Urban Landscape covers this concept; It has a content setup that starts from the upper scale and shrinks towards the building scale.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In a real-life setting, direct-acting antivirals to people who inject drugs with chronic hepatitis c in Turkey

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) should be treated in order to eliminate hepatitis C virus in the world. The aim of this study was to compare direct-acting antivirals treatment of hepatitis C virus for PWID and non-PWID in a real-life setting. Methods: We performed a prospective, non-randomized, observational multicenter cohort study in 37 centers. All patients treated with direct-acting antivirals between April 1, 2017, and February 28, 2019, were included. In total, 2713 patients were included in the study among which 250 were PWID and 2463 were non-PWID. Besides patient characteristics, treatment response, follow-up, and side effects of treatment were also analyzed. Results: Genotype 1a and 3 were more prevalent in PWID-infected patients (20.4% vs 9.9% and 46.8% vs 5.3%). The number of naïve patients was higher in PWID (90.7% vs 60.0%), while the number of patients with cirrhosis was higher in non-PWID (14.1% vs 3.7%). The loss of follow-up was higher in PWID (29.6% vs 13.6%). There was no difference in the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment (98.3% vs 98.4%), but the end of treatment response was lower in PWID (96.2% vs 99.0%). In addition, the rate of treatment completion was lower in PWID (74% vs 94.4%). Conclusion: Direct-acting antivirals were safe and effective in PWID. Primary measures should be taken to prevent the loss of follow-up and poor adherence in PWID patients in order to achieve World Health Organization’s objective of eliminating viral hepatitis