Anticipated and experienced stigma and discrimination in the workplace among individuals with major depressive disorder in 35 countries : qualitative framework analysis of a mixed-method cross-sectional study

Objectives Workplace stigmatisation and discrimination are significant barriers to accessing employment opportunities, reintegration and promotion in the workforce for people with mental illnesses in comparison to other disabilities. This paper presents qualitative evidence of anticipated and experienced workplace stigma and discrimination among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) in 35 countries, and how these experiences differ across countries based on their Human Development Index (HDI) level. Design Mixed-method cross-sectional survey. Participants, setting and measures The qualitative data were gathered as part of the combined European Union Anti-Stigma Programme European Network and global International Study of Discrimination and Stigma Outcomes for Depression studies examining stigma and discrimination among individuals with MDD across 35 countries. Anticipated and experienced stigma and discrimination were assessed using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale version 12 (DISC-12). This study used responses to the open-ended DISC-12 questions related to employment. Data were analysed using the framework analysis method. Results The framework analysis of qualitative data of 141 participants identified 6 key ‘frames’ exploring (1) participants reported experiences of workplace stigma and discrimination; (2) impact of experienced workplace stigma and discrimination; (3) anticipated workplace stigma and discrimination; (4) ways of coping; (5) positive work experiences and (6) contextualisation of workplace stigma and discrimination. In general, participants from very high HDI countries reported higher levels of anticipated and experienced discrimination than other HDI groups (eg, less understanding and support, being more avoided/shunned, stopping themselves from looking for work because of expectation and fear of discrimination). Furthermore, participants from medium/low HDI countries were more likely to report positive workplace experiences. Conclusions This study makes a significant contribution towards workplace stigma and discrimination among individuals with MDD, still an under-researched mental health diagnosis. These findings illuminate important relationships that may exist between countries/contexts and stigma and discrimination, identifying that individuals from very high HDI countries were more likely to report anticipated and experienced workplace discrimination

Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p <0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.Peer reviewe

Chemical engineering around the 5,12-dihydroindolo[3,2a]carbazole scaffold : Fine tuning of the optical properties of visible light photoinitiators of polymerization

International audience5,12-Dihydroindolo[3,2-a]carbazole is a promising scaffold for the design of visible light photoinitiators of polymerization due to the simultaneous presence of two carbazole moieties that can be differently functionalized. Notably, redshift of the absorption spectra can be facilely obtained by nitration of one of the two carbazoles, the second carbazole group being functionalized with various groups. Dinitration of 5,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-a]carbazole is another efficient approach for designing dyes with strong absorptions extending over the visible range. In this work, a series of 36 compounds never reported in the literature and differing by the substitution pattern have been designed and synthesized. Notably, the possibility to design push-pull dyes by Knoevenagel and Claisen Schmidt reactions, to introduce electroactive groups such as thiophene by Suzuki cross-coupling reactions or to design water soluble chromophore has been explored. To evidence the interest of these structures, photopolymerization experiments have been carried out at 405 nm and the polymerization of acrylates has been examined in thick and thin films. To support the polymerization efficiency, mechanisms involved in the free radical polymerization of acrylates have been established by the combination of various techniques including UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and photolysis experiments

Geomorphosites and socio-economic development In the commune of Bouadel, province of Taounate (Morocco): Les géomorphosites et le développement socio-économique Dans la commune de Bouadel, province de Taounate (Maroc)

RésuméPanizza a défini les géomorphosites comme étant des formes du relief ayant acquis une valeur scientifique, culturelle, historique, esthétique et/ou socio-économique, en raison de leur perception ou de leur exploitation par l’Homme (Panizza, 2001).A l’instar des pays développé le Maroc a adopté la politique de la préservation des géomorphosites et leur valorisation à travers la création des géoparcs telque le Géoparc de Mgoun (Ait Omar, T. et al., 2019) et celui de Tazka. Tandis que La majorité des géomorphosites n’est pas encore prise en considération en termes de conservation et mise en valeur malgré sa particularité et sa valeur esthétique dont fait partie les géomorphosites situés dans la commune de Bouadel, Qui comprend 12562 habitants (RGPH., 2014), dans lequel nous avons interrogé une centaine de résidents.Notre intervention vise à étudier et définir les principaux géomorphosites dont dispose la commune de Bouadel et le rôle qu’ils peuvent jouer dans le développement socio-économique à travers son introduction dans la promotion du tourisme dans la zone d’étude.D'après les résultats des découvertes, la communauté s'étend sur une superficie estimée à 4 280 hectares, dans laquelle les paysages suivants couvrent environ 2 090 hectares, y compris dans ses sites géomorphologiques les Ruiniformes, les Schistes débités en frites, les Schistes bitumineux en feuillets, la Source de Bouadel, la Vallée verdoyante d’Ourgha, les Blocs Erratiques, les Sofs de Tichka et Janb Leuh, et les Chaos granitiques.Pour effectuer ce travail on s’est basé sur le travail bibliographique, l’élaboration des cartes thématiques en utilisant le Système d’Information Géographique et le travail du terrain.Mots clés :&nbsp;Commune de Bouadel, géomorphosites, géo-tourisme, développement socioéconomique &nbsp; AbstractPanizza defined geomorphosites as landforms that have acquired scientific, cultural, historical, aesthetic and / or socio-economic value, due to their perception or exploitation by humans (Panizza, 2001).Like the developed countries, Morocco has adopted the policy of preserving geomorphosites and their enhancement through the creation of geoparks such as the Geopark of Mgoun and that of Tazka. While the majority of geomorphosites have not yet been taken into consideration in terms of conservation and development despite its particularity and aesthetic value, including the geomorphosites located in the town of Bouadel, which includes 12,562 inhabitants (RGPH., 2014 ), in which we interviewed around 100 residents.Our intervention aims to study and define the main geomorphosites available to the town of Bouadel and the role they can play in socio-economic development through its introduction in the promotion of tourism in the study area.According to the results of the discoveries, the community extends over an estimated area of 4280 hectares, in which the following landscapes cover approximately 2090 hectares, including in its geomorphological sites the Ruiniformes, the Shales cut into chips, the Shales bituminous sheets, the Source of Bouadel, the verdant Valley of Urgha, the Erratic Blocks, the Sofs of Tichka and Janb Leuh, and the granitic Chaos. To carry out this work we relied on bibliographic work, the development of thematic maps using GIS and fieldwork.Keywords:&nbsp;Municipality of Bouadel, geomorphosites, geo-tourism, socio-economic development

Vaccination Between Acceptance And Refusal: The Case Of The Covid-19 Vaccine

Background : The COVID-19 vaccine was developed as a necessary last resort to address the pandemic. However, the availability of the vaccine raises concerns about the acceptance of administering the vaccine by the population. Objective:The objective of this work is to determine the perception of university students regarding the covid-19 vaccine. Methods: To achieve our objective a survey was conducted online between March and April 2021 in the different existing social networks of university students. The statistical analysis of the data was done by Chi-square test and correlation test.Results: This study shows that 63% agree to be vaccinated and 62.2% believe that the vaccine is safe. However, 37% refuse to administer the vaccine and declare their concern and lack of confidence in the effectiveness of the vaccine against covid-19.Conclusion: In the light of these results, we note that a significant part of the Moroccan student population refuses the vaccine and does not have confidence in the vaccine against covid-19, hence the need to launch awareness and health education programs to improve the knowledge of the student population before the vaccination program reaches them

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis cases and risk factors in north central of Morocco, Sefrou province: An impact study

In order to set up a program for fighting against leishmaniasis disease, it was considered useful beforehand to demonstrate Leishmanian risk factors to the CL disease cases. The Province of Sefrou is among the endemic areas. Surveillance of these outbreaks is essential. This work focused on studying the impact risk factors on the distribution of CL cases. This is a retrospective study of CL cases registered during five years (2007-2010). Statistical analysis was based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then the correlation study was carried out (Pearson correlation). A significant linear association was found between the number of CL cases and the population(r=0.56; p=0.005). This means that the correlation is positive. For the urbanization factor, the association was marked moderately correlated with number of CL cases (r = 0.44; p = 0.037).However, poverty does not influence this distribution; for our study area, this factor is not a risk factor

Water resources in light of climate variability in the Midlle Sebou, between the two stations Azzaba and Dar El Arsa: Ressources en eaux à la lumière de la variabilité climatique dans le moyen Sebou, entre les deux stations Azzaba et Dar El Arsa

RésuméCet article aborde la problématique des ressources en eau à la lumière de ces changementsclimatiques dans le moyen Sebou, où se situe la relation entre ces ressources et lesprécipitations à lumière du changement climatique?Selon l’analyse des données des deux stations Azzaba entre 1958 et 2011 et Dar El Arsa entre1973 et 2010. La station d’Azzaba est située au haut bassin, juste à côté du barrage d’Allal ElFassi, à l’extrémité nord de la chaîne de montagnes méditerranéennes. Au contraire, la stationDar El Arsa est située dans le savoir-faire du bassin entre les collines de Prérif au nord de Fès,mettant en évidence les différentes particularités des deux stations géographiquement,topographiquement et géologiquement.Nous avons établi un ensemble de constatations, y compris les précipitations annuelles à lastation de Dar El Arsa variaient de 200 et 900 mm, et la station de Azzaba unique oscillaitentre 100 et 700 mm, et la plus grande quantité enregistrée au cours de ces deux séries aatteint 667 mm en 1971, résultant en 894 mm de la station de Dar El Arsa en 2009, de sorteque cet espace a des ressources en eau abondantes.La variabilité de ces précipitations est censée jouer un rôle majeur dans le déclin oul’augmentation des ressources en eau, voire des exceptions, qui peuvent entraîner desinondations.Pour obtenir des renseignements complets sur ce problème, on a invoqué un ensemble d’outilsstatistiques simples et complexes pour diagnostiquer les caractéristiques qui caractérisaient lesdonnées statistiques des deux stations, et la mesure dans laquelle le changement climatiqueaffectait la nature des ressources en eau. Afin de mettre cette étude entre les mains desresponsables afin qu’ils puissent connaître l’état des ressources en eau sur le terrain, et defaciliter les méthodes d’aménagement dans cette région.Mots clés :&nbsp;moyen Sebou (Maroc), variabilité climatique, ressources en eaux, outilsstatistique. &nbsp; AbstractThis article addresses the issue of water resources in light of climate change in the Seboumedium, where is the relationship between these resources and rainfall in light of climatechange?According to the analysis of data from the two stations Azzaba between 1958 and 2011 andDar El Arsa between 1973 and 2010. The Azzaba station is located in the upper basin, rightnext to the Allal El Fassi dam, at the northern end of the Mediterranean mountain range. Onthe contrary, the Dar El Arsa station is located in the basin know-how between the hills ofPrerif north of Fez, highlighting the different particularities of the two stations geographically,topographically and geologically.We established a set of findings, including the annual rainfall at the Dar El Arsa station variedbetween 200 and 900 mm, and the single Azzaba station varied between 100 and 700 mm,and the largest amount recorded during these two series reached 667 mm in 1971, resulting in894 mm from the Dar El Arsa station in 2009, so that this space has abundant water resources.The variability of this precipitation is expected to play a major role in the decline or increaseof water resources, or even exceptions, which can lead to flooding.To obtain complete information on this problem, a set of simple and complex statistical toolswere used to diagnose the characteristics that characterized the statistical data at the twostations, and the extent to which climate change was affecting the nature of the waterresources. In order to put this study in the hands of officials so that they could know the stateof water resources on the ground, and to facilitate management methods in this region.Keywords:&nbsp;Medium Sebou (Morocco), climate variability, water resources, statistical tools