The Concept of Implicit Intelligence and Creativity in the First and Third Year Students in the Program Doctor of Medicine in Arabian Gulf University

The aim of this research is to identify the concept of implicit theories and implicit creativity among of the first and third year in the program of Doctor Program students in Medicine at the Arabian Gulf University. The sample of the study consisted of 207 students (85 males and 115 females). The descriptive method was used to answer the study questions. The results showed that the arithmetic mean of both implicit intelligence and creativity for first and third year students in MD program are high, and there were no statistically significant differences between them, and there is no statistically significant effect of the interaction between the year and the gender on both implicit intelligence and creativity, but significant differences were found in implicit intelligence and creativity for the academic

Impact of Training on Developing wisdom in Gifted Female Students at Secondary School

هدف البحث إلى معرفة أثر برنامج تدريبي قائم على الحكمة في تنمية مهارات الحكمة لدى الطالبات الموهوبات في المرحلة الثانوية، وللتحقق من هذا الهدف قام الباحثون بالتحقق من الفرض التالي: يؤدي تطبيق برنامج تدريبي قائم على الحكمة في تحسين مهارات الحكمة (التأملي، الحواري) بشكل إيجابي لدى الطالبات الموهوبات في المرحلة الثانوية في مملكة البحرين. وقد تكونت عينة البحث من (24) طالبة موهوبة من المرحلة الثانوية، موزعات بالتساوي على مدرستين ثانويتين للبنات إحداهما تجريبية والأخرى ضابطة. طبقت أداة الحكمة في القياس القبلي والبعدي لأفراد المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة، بينما طبق البرنامج التدريبي "القائم على الحكمة" على أفراد المجموعة التجريبية على مدى (22) جلسة تدريبية خلال الفصل الثاني من العام الدراسي (2014-2015م). وبعد المعالجة الإحصائية، جاءت النتائج كالآتي: وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً عند مستوى أقل من (0.001) على التطبيق البعدي لمهارات البعدين التأملي والحواري بين المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، وهذا يدل على أثر البرنامج التدريبي في تنمية مهارات الحكمة لدى الطالبات الموهوبات. الكلمات المفتاحية: الموهبة، الحكمة، المرحلة الثانوية.The study aimed to investigate the effect of a wisdom-based training program on the development of wisdom of gifted students in the secondary level in the kingdom of Bahrain. In order to achieve this objective, the researchers answered  this question: “Is there a valid positive impact for the implementation of a wisdom-based training program in the development of gifted students’ wisdom skills in the secondary level in the kingdom of Bahrain? The sample of the study consisted of (24) gifted students from the secondary level divided equally into two groups: experimental group and control group. The wisdom tool  was applied in the pre-test and post-test processes on the two groups, whereas the wisdom-based training program was applied on the members of the experimental group only over (22)  training sessions in the second term of the academic year (2014/2015). After the statistical analysis, the results revealed statistically significant differences in the post-test levels of reflective and dialogic dimension skills between the experimental and control groups, in favor of the experimental group. This indicates the effect of the experimental program in the development of wisdom skills on gifted students. Keywords: Giftedness, Wisdom, Secondary level

Psychometric Properties of Practical Intelligence Test for University Students in the Kingdom of Bahrain

The present study was conducted to derive the psychometric properties of the Bahraini version of the Practical Intelligence Test (PIT), which is a part of the applied intelligence test developed by Sternberg et al. (2008). This test is based on Sternberg\u27s theory of triarchic intelligence. The scale consisted of twenty multiple choice items, and after each situation three options are presented that represent different ways to address the problem according to the concept of practical intelligence. The first option is adaptation (you will try to adapt to the environment). The second option represents changing the environment. The third option is to look for another environment (you decide to leave the environment completely). The population of the study consisted of undergraduate students in public and private universities in the Kingdom of Bahrain enrolled in the 2019/2018 academic year. One of the six universities has been selected. A stratified sample of 300 undergraduate students was distributed by sex and grade level. The results revealed that: (a) practical Intelligence is uni-dimensional, (2) the PIT has high levels of validity and reliability, and (3) the practical intelligence performance varies according to gender and in favour of males

Post-discharge outcomes associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants: A retrospective chart review study.

Objective Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that commonly affects premature infants, especially those born before 28 weeks of gestation. Infants with BPD are at risk for various health problems This study aimed to compare the health outcomes of infants with BPD at 18 months of age. Design A retrospective chart review study of the post-hospital discharge outcomes of infants with BPD. Electronic charts of all preterm infants born less than 28 weeks gestation and admitted to the WWRC Hospital from January 2017 until December, 2019. Methods We collected basic demographic variables of all the newborns borns less than 28 weeks gestation and mothers born at WWRC. Only infants with any type of BPD included in the analysis. We compared health outcome variables of infants with mild BPD to infants with moderate to severe (MS) BPD form NICU discharge to 18 moths of age. Health outcome variables included types of respiratory support, respiratory infection, other chronic illnesses, chronic medication use and growth and neurodevelopmental impairment. The Data was retrospectively analyzed after chart review. Data set was analyzed accordingly vis SPSS software version 29. Results: Of the total 177 infants , 89 infants had mild BPD and 88 infants had MS-BPD. compared with infants mild-BPD, MS-BPD were mostly male (70% vs 42, p Conclusions The study provides valuable insights into the post-discharge outcomes of infants with BPD. The results highlight that infants with moderate to severe (MS) BPD have poorer outcomes compared to those with mild BPD. These findings emphasize the need for careful monitoring and follow-up care for infants with BPD, particularly those with MS-BPD. The results of this study can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving the long-term outcomes of infants with BPD.</p

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with paediatric cancer in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, observational cohort study

OBJECTIVES: Paediatric cancer is a leading cause of death for children. Children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) were four times more likely to die than children in high-income countries (HICs). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the delivery of healthcare services worldwide, and exacerbated the disparity in paediatric cancer outcomes between LMICs and HICs. DESIGN: A multicentre, international, collaborative cohort study. SETTING: 91 hospitals and cancer centres in 39 countries providing cancer treatment to paediatric patients between March and December 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Patients were included if they were under the age of 18 years, and newly diagnosed with or undergoing active cancer treatment for Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms' tumour, sarcoma, retinoblastoma, gliomas, medulloblastomas or neuroblastomas, in keeping with the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality at 30 days and 90 days. RESULTS: 1660 patients were recruited. 219 children had changes to their treatment due to the pandemic. Patients in LMICs were primarily affected (n=182/219, 83.1%). Relative to patients with paediatric cancer in HICs, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 12.1 (95% CI 2.93 to 50.3) and 7.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 19.7) times the odds of death at 30 days and 90 days, respectively, after presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 15.6 (95% CI 3.7 to 65.8) times the odds of death at 30 days (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected paediatric oncology service provision. It has disproportionately affected patients in LMICs, highlighting and compounding existing disparities in healthcare systems globally that need addressing urgently. However, many patients with paediatric cancer continued to receive their normal standard of care. This speaks to the adaptability and resilience of healthcare systems and healthcare workers globally

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality