Death Trends and Years of Life Lost Due to Social Harms Such as Suicide, Homicide, and Addiction, Ilam Province, 2009-2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the death trend and years of life lost (YLL) caused by social harmin Ilam province.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ilam province from 2009 to 2019. To estimate YLL, alldeaths caused by suicide, homicide, and addiction were included in the study. The data were collected from theForensic Medicine Organization. The analysis was carried out using SPSS software (version 23.0). A p-valueof 0.439). Between 2009 and 2019, the number of suicides and homicides in Ilam province started a decreasingtrend for both sexes, while the number of deaths caused by addiction was increasing.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the age groups of 15-29 years had the highest rate ofYLL is caused by suicide, homicide, and addiction for both sexes. Furthermore, the findings showed that YLLdecreased for suicide and homicide, but increased for addiction

The effects of prevalence of inequalities in mental disorders between groups using Blinder– Oaxaca decomposition

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of inequalities in sociodemographic factors in some mental disorders (MDs) has been shown in previous reports. The aim of this study was to assess the main contributors that affected prevalence of inequalities in MDs between groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on adults in 10 cities from Ilam province. We selected participants using cluster sampling; clusters were cities (n1 = 10), geographical area (n2 = 153), and households (n3 = 382). Screening tools and clinical interview were applied through standardized and validated questionnaires, namely, GHQ-28 and DSM-IV-TR, respectively. Participants were divided into socioeconomic groups via principal composition analysis (PCA). Blinder–Oaxaca approach was applied to distinguish the gap in inequalities between groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of MDs in the advantage group was 22.6% and, in disadvantages was 35.6%. The concentration index (CI) of the MD prevalence rate was −0.013 (95% CI: −0.022, −0.004) which indicated that MDs were more common in the disadvantaged groups. The odds of MDs in advantaged people was 81% more compared to the disadvantaged group (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.57), also in females compared to males (1.60; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.24). Analysis of gap inequality between groups showed that the gap in prevalence rates of MDs between groups was 12%. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a socioeconomic inequality in MD rates in the adult population. Therefore, results of this study provide contributors in MDs inequality in order to control and reduce the prevalence of MDs in the community

Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts in Patients Hospitalized in Mostafa Hospital, Ilam: A Qualitative Study

Background: Suicide is a complicated multifactorial phenomenon. Researchers have attempted to identify the reasons for suicide in different communities. The present study aimed to identify and scrutinize the risk factors for suicide among hospitalized patients.Methods: This qualitative grounded theory study was conducted using in-depth interviews with 53 hospitalized patients in Mostafa Hospital in Ilam, Iran in 2021. Semi-open questions were asked by a psychologist. The interviews continued until reaching the saturation point and achieving the specific objectives of the study. Finally, coding was performed using the grounded theory method. Results: A history of suicide attempts was reported by almost two-thirds of the individuals. The results of the primary coding of the items showed that the most important categories paving the path for committing suicide were social, financial, and family factors.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the most important causal conditions contributing to suicide attempts were psychological factors, addiction and its related problems, divorce and its related problems, and love failure

A Study on Premenstrual Syndromes of High School girl-students in Ilam City (western Iran), 2015

Introduction: Premenstrual syndromes are among the disorders associated with reproductive age that includes physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral signs during the luteal phase that occurs periodically from 7 to 14 days before menstruation. These signs are not present at the begining of menstruation or during the first few days of bleeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of premenstrual syndromes in high school girls of Ilam during the year 2015. &nbsp; Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytic study has been performed on 266 single girl- students aged from 15 to 18 years, with the average age of 16.34, considered to have regular and natural menstruation cycles (with gaps of 21 to 35 days between each two menstruations lasting for 3 to 7 days). To assess the frequency of premenstrual syndromes, the prospective questionnaires (Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool: PSST) was used for two consecutive cycles. In this research, statistical tests such as Chi-square, Variance analysis, and Logistic regression were applied to analyze the data. &nbsp; Findings: Based on our results, the frequency of medium or sever premenstrual syndromes was 36.84% and the frequency of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was 11.65%. According to logistic regression model, severe bleeding multiplies chances of the individuals suffering from dysphoric disorder by 5.1 times, while pain multiplies chances of the girls suffering from premenstrual syndrome about 4.1. There was a significant relation between the mild and severe premenstrual syndrome with pain, (P<0.001), and also between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and volume of bleeding (P<0.01). Investigating the mean for the 19 signs, the highest averages stood for fatigue, possession of physical signs, trouble or lack of concentration, reduction in interest of participation in normal routines, and anger; while the lowest average stood for over eating.&nbsp; &nbsp; Discussion & Conclusion: Our research concluded that prevalence of such syndromes among Ilami's high school girl-students was relatively high. Considering the negative effects of these syndromes on physical condition as well as psychological, emotional, and social wellbeing of teenagers, and the significance of this period from the educational point of view, more investigations and interventional moves are recommended to manage these signs

Comparison of machine learning algorithms to predict intentional and unintentional poisoning risk factors

Introduction: A major share of poisoning cases are perpetrated intentionally, but this varies depending on different geographical regions, age spectrums, and gender distribution. The present study was conducted to determine the most important factors affecting intentional and unintentional poisonings using machine learning algorithms. Materials and methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 658 people hospitalized due to poisoning. The enrollment and follow-up of patients were carried out during 2020–2021. The data obtained from patients’ files and during follow-up were recorded by a physician and entered into SPSS software by the registration expert. Different machine learning algorithms were used to analyze the data. Fit models of the training data were assessed by determining accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F-measure, and the area under the rock curve (AUC). Finally, after analyzing the models, the data of the Gradient boosted trees (GBT) model were finalized. Results: The GBT model rendered the highest accuracy (91.5 ± 3.4) among other models tested. Also, the GBT model had significantly higher sensitivity (94.7 ± 1.7) and specificity (93.2 ± 4.1) compared to other models (P < 0.001). The most prominent predictors based on the GBT model were the route of poison entry (weight = 0.583), place of residence (weight = 0.137), history of psychiatric diseases (weight = 0.087), and age (weight = 0.085). Conclusion: The present study suggests the GBT model as a reliable predictor model for identifying the factors affecting intentional and unintentional poisoning. According to our results, the determinants of intentional poisoning included the route of poison entry into the body, place of residence, and the heart rate. The most important predictors of unintentional poisoning were age, exposure to benzodiazepine, creatinine levels, and occupation

Socio-demographic factors associated with choosing violent methods of suicide, 2011-2016, Ilam province

Background: In new strategies towards of suicide prevention the best approach currently is based on specific method had specific risk factors. Therefore in this study we aimed to find out the association between socio-demographic factors and methods in completed suicide, 2011-2016, Ilam province. Methods: A cross-sectional study, 2011-2016, was conducted. A total of 540 completed suicides were recruited to the study. Data were collected by systematic registration suicide data (SRSD) and Legal Medicine Organization (LMO). After performs of descriptive statistics, to analysis of effects of each independent variable to the methods Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) was used, also adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was used to reporting of associations. Results: According to the result (55.8) of deaths were occurred by hanging and self-immolation also a majority of suicides were occurred in females (60). The important methods in males and females were hanging (70.6) and self-immolation (72.8), respectively. The self-immolation vs. others was significantly higher in cases that have mental disorders (AOR) = 2.05, 95 CI: 1.11, 3.78); also in cases with financial problem (AOR)= 2.70, 95 CI: 1.28, 5.71). Conclusion: According to the finding age groups, gender, marital status, residence, and mental disorders are the important risk factors that effects on choosing of methods. Therefore consideration of this excess risk by this mentioned factors in prevention programs can be reducing the risk of death from suicide in society