Charge Carrier Transport in Metal Phthalocyanine Based Disordered Thin Films

The charge carrier transport in metal phthallocyanine based disordered thin films has been investigated. Charge carrier mobility in these disordered thin films strongly depends on the electric field and temperature due to hopping conduction. The applicability of two different Gaussian disorder models has been compared and evaluated for charge carrier transport using simple experimental results and based on our extensive analysis, it has been found that spatial and energetic correlation is important in explaining the electrical transport in these organic semiconductors

High water availability increases the negative impact of a native hemiparasite on its non-native host

Environmental factors alter the impacts of parasitic plants on their hosts. However, there have been no controlled studies on how water availability modulates stem hemiparasites' effects on hosts. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the association between the Australian native stem hemiparasite Cassytha pubescens and the introduced host Ulex europaeus under high (HW) and low (LW) water supply. Cassytha pubescens had a significant, negative effect on the total biomass of U. europaeus, which was more severe in HW than LW. Regardless of watering treatment, infection significantly decreased shoot and root biomass, nodule biomass, nodule biomass per unit root biomass, F-v/F-m, and nitrogen concentration of U. europaeus. Host spine sodium concentration significantly increased in response to infection in LW but not HW conditions. Host water potential was significantly higher in HW than in LW, which may have allowed the parasite to maintain higher stomatal conductances in HW. In support of this, the delta C-13 of the parasite was significantly lower in HW than in LW (and significantly higher than the host). C. pubescens also had significantly higher F-v/F-m and 66% higher biomass per unit host in the HW compared with the LW treatment. The data suggest that the enhanced performance of C. pubescens in HW resulted in higher parasite growth rates and thus a larger demand for resources from the host, leading to poorer host performance in HW compared with LW. C. pubescens should more negatively affect U. europaeus growth under wet conditions rather than under dry conditions in the field

Changing Gender Relations and Its Influence on Female Migration Decision in India

This paper is an attempt to understand the position of Indian women in the family and its influence on their migration decision. The migration-empowerment relation can be explained through relative measures like intra-household decision making indicators, and age and educational differences. The data for the purpose of the study has been drawn from the various rounds of NSSO and NFHS and it has been analysed at the state level due to data limitations for explanatory variables at the household level. The bi-variate findings show economic decision making related to large household purchases, decisions on mobility and spousal educational differences which exhibit a linear relation with the women’s migration decision. The empirical findings suggest the women’s greater involvement on own health care, spousal age and educational differences significantly influence their migration decision. This suggests that women’s empowerment influences their migration decision. JEL Classification: J10, J16 Keywords: Empowerment, Migration, Women, India, Relative Measure

ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS IN DYSPEPSIA PATIENTS AT A RURAL HOSPITAL- A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Background: Dyspepsia is a prevalent problem in India and around the world. Of the stomach and oesophagus, benign causes predominate, with occasional incidences of carcinoma. The presence of warning signs helps to indicate the presence of these carcinomas, though the utility of these warning signs has been questioned by various studies. Methods: Patients presenting with dyspepsia were examined with a gastroscope to determine the Cuttack region's etiological pattern and the utility of warning signs. This investigation included the first 100 patients at our institution to undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for dyspepsia evaluation. Results: Despite exhibiting symptoms indicative of functional dyspepsia, the majority of patients (53%) exhibited unremarkable findings on visual examination. The most prevalent warning sign was weight loss, which had only a 4% predictive value. 10% of the patients had Malena, with a 30% positive predictive value. Conclusion: Significant weight loss as a warning sign to screen patients for gastrointestinal pathology appears inappropriate in rural settings

Biodegradable nanoparticles are excellent vehicle for site directed in-vivo delivery of drugs and vaccines

Biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) are gaining increased attention for their ability to serve as a viable carrier for site specific delivery of vaccines, genes, drugs and other biomolecules in the body. They offer enhanced biocompatibility, superior drug/vaccine encapsulation, and convenient release profiles for a number of drugs, vaccines and biomolecules to be used in a variety of applications in the field of medicine. In this manuscript, the methods of preparation of biodegradable NPs, different factors affecting optimal drug encapsulation, factors affecting drug release rates, various surface modifications of nanoparticles to enhance in-vivo circulation, distribution and multimodal functionalities along with the specific applications such as tumor targeting, oral delivery, and delivery of these particles to the central nervous system have been reviewed

Overburden Dump Slope Stability: A Case Study At Coal Mine

Slope stability of overburden dumps plays as integral part of opencast mine project throughout the operation process. Waste dumps always have steep angled slopes as the waste has been tipped over from the top of the dump in a continuous and progressive manner. For new landfill it is often desirable to design steep slopes as it can accommodate the maximum amount of waste possible. The heavy machinery implanted for the extraction and transportation of wastes in the opencast mine whose management is of prime importance. The problems relating to overburden dump slope stability is catching attention for safe working in adverse natural constraints. This paper examines the influence of various parameters such as slope height, slope inclination, interfacial shearing resistance on the dump deposit. The analysis cover analysis of various sections of the waste dumps from the mine including material properties, strength values, bench height and angle. The evaluation of slope stability analyses in geotechnical analyses in geotechnical engineering has followed closely developments in soil and rock mechanics as a whole. Most of the design methods are purely based on field experience, followed by sound engineering judgment. During the last few decades, the concepts of slope stability analysis have emerged within the domain of rock and geotechnical engineering to address the problems of design and stability of dump slopes