Evaluation of volume compressibility coefficient variations incement stabilized bentonite clay using (wet & dry)

According to the constituent materials of soil layers in the project area, different Sites exhibitdifferent behaviorstowards compressibility. Mechanical and hydraulic behaviors of layers composed of coarse aggregates such as sand and gravel are very more predictable than those of layers composed of fine aggregates, especially clay. The settlement in such soilsinvolve time parameters and it is possible to calculate and evaluatethe parameters using the common tests in geotechnical engineering. The coefficient of volume compressibility is an important parameter for calculating the consolidation settlement of clay layers, which can be calculatedby means of the one-dimensional consolidation test device. In this study, 2,4,6,8 and 10% of cement at treatment times of 7,14 and 28 days were used to stabilize the bentonite clay. All samples prepared by wet and dry method hadthe same moisture contents in the mentioned levels equal to the liquid limit moisture of the original soil. The studied soil falls in the group CH with the liquid limit of 132% based on the unified classification system. The results obtained in this study indicated that the changes in pressure applied on the soil exhibited a significant impact on the performance of stabilizers and generally, the effects of wet and dry mixing methods on the coefficient of volume compressibility, and consequently,on the settlement could be seen.Keywords: Stabilization, Cement, Consolidation test, Bentonite, Coefficient of volume compressibilit

The Effect of Mixing Method on the Permeability Changes of Cement—Bentonite

In researches conducted on various materials to stabilize soils, different factors have been investigated but none of the researches conducted has focused on method of incorporation or mixing.Hence, in this study the effect of cement—bentonite incorporation method with both wet and dry methods in 14.7 and 28 curing time will be studied to show its effect on the permeability coefficient changes. The results obtained in this study showed that the effect of incorporation is visible in all samples, so that most of the samples, which were prepared dry, the slope of their e-Log k curve is less than the wet samples which shows the sensitivity of wet samples to dry samples due to permeability coefficient changes .The results of this study can be used in preparing the underground waste storage tanks

The Effect of Mixing Method on the Permeability Changes of Cement—Bentonite

In researches conducted on various materials to stabilize soils, different factors have been investigated but none of the researches conducted has focused on method of incorporation or mixing.Hence, in this study the effect of cement—bentonite incorporation method with both wet and dry methods in 14.7 and 28 curing time will be studied to show its effect on the permeability coefficient changes. The results obtained in this study showed that the effect of incorporation is visible in all samples, so that most of the samples, which were prepared dry, the slope of their e-Log k curve is less than the wet samples which shows the sensitivity of wet samples to dry samples due to permeability coefficient changes .The results of this study can be used in preparing the underground waste storage tanks

Dynamic Simulation, Parameter Optimization, and Control of a Reactive Distillation Column for Production of Isopropanol via Propylene Hydration

In this study, a reactive distillation column for production of isopropanol was investigated. Firstly, a dynamic model was developed for the process. The model of the process was then programmed, and the process simulated using a base case obtained from the literature. Results showed that distillate contained more than 58 mol% propylene-free isopropanol. In the next step, optimization of some operating variables was performed to maximize concentration of isopropanol in distillate with condenser temperature as constraint, which was considered to be above the freezing point of water. Several simulations were performed by changing operating parameters, and finally optimum isopropanol content in distillate was obtained above 58 mol%. Results of using classic controllers showed that PID controller had the best performance for both condenser temperature set-point tracking and disturbance rejection. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Analyzing organic richness of source rocks from well log data by using SVM and ANN classifiers: A case study from the Kazhdumi formation, the Persian Gulf basin, offshore Iran

Determination of TOC is critical to the evaluation of every source rock unit. Methods which are dependent upon extensive laboratory testing are limited by the availability and integrity of the rock samples. Prediction of TOC (Total Organic Carbon) from well Log data being available for the majority of wells being drilled provides rapid evaluation of organic content, producing a continuous record while eliminating sampling issues. Therefore, the ideal method for determining the TOC fraction within source rock units would utilize common well log data. So a model was developed to formulate TOC values in the absence of laboratory TOC measurements from conventional well log data. Consequently, with the assistance of FL (Fuzzy Logic), TOC estimated from well log data with an overall prediction accuracy of 0.9425 for the test set. Following that TOC content of the Kazhdumi formation optimally has been divided into 4 zones using K-means cluster analysis, since searching for patterns is one of the main goals in data mining. There is a general increase in TOC from zone 1 to zone 4. The optimal number of zones has been detected by means of the knee method that finds the “knee” in a number of clusters vs. Compactness, Davies-Bouldin and Silhouette values. In the last step, using SVM (Support Vector Machine) and ANN (Artificial Neural Network) algorithms, two commonly used techniques, classification rules developed to predict the source rock class-membership (zones) from well log data. The proposed method is found effective in directly extracting patterns from well log data after defining classification rules. Quantitative comparisons of the results from ANN and SVM depicts that for classification problem of source rock zonation SVM with RBF (Radial Basis Function) kernel readily outperforms ANN in term of classification accuracy (0.9077 and 0.9369 for ANN and SVM, respectively), reduced computational time and highly repeatable results. This method would enable a more elaborate assessment of Kazhdumi formation to be undertaken by providing a comprehensive quick look results derived directly from well log data while using conventional methods one can’t define patterns within the data without grouping data manually

Study of the Structure Effect on Water Adsorption by a Group of Nano Copper Clusters

According to the previous studies, water adsorption energy on the metal surface like as Cu strongly dependent to the structure surface and the size. During the study of the mechanism of the interaction of water and Cu in water gas shift reaction (WGSR) (CO + H2O CO2 + H2), it has been determined Cu is active site of catalysis. These studies inspired the authors to consider theoretically the effect of the structure in the process of the water adsorption in order to select the suitable structures of the copper clusters, Cu10, for H2 releasing in the fuel cells at B3LYP/6-31G level of theory. The results showed the distinct effect of the structure on the type of adsorption process (physical or chemical) through three structure of Cu10 (I, II, III structures, Fig. 1). The structures I and II showed physical surface adsorption in reaction with water and the structure III showed chemical adsorption with H2 releasing. The adsorption energies are 0.38 ,1.15 ,-28.27 (kcal/mol) and ΔGads are 11.14, 13.49, -20.12 (kcal/mol), respectively. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3513

The Challenges of Nursing Procedures Training from the Perspective of Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study

Background & Objective: In nursing, clinical education due to its importance is known as the heart of professional education. One of the skills taught in the clinical environment is nursing procedures. Studies show that even students who have complete theoretical knowledge are unable to provide care and perform the required skills at the clients’ bedside independently. Thus, the present study was carried out with the aim to reveal the problems and challenges of nursing students in nursing procedures training. Methods: This descriptive-exploratory study was conducted with qualitative approach in 2016. The study participants consisted of 12 students from the School of Nursing. Purposive sampling was conducted until data saturation. Data were collected through interviews. All interviews were tape-recorded, handwritten, and analyzed line by line. To analyze the data, conventional content analysis was used. Results: From the interviews, 5 main categories and 17 subcategories, which represent students' experiences of the challenges of nursing procedures training, were extracted. The categories included the transition from skill lab to practice, discrepancies between education and clinical practice, fears, practice of clinical instructor, and students’ characteristics. Conclusion: Students are only able to perform the correct nursing procedures, when the appropriate training is provided. Considering the entrance behavior of students, attracting and employing experienced clinical teachers, and improving the learning environment can help in overcoming the obstacles expressed by students. Key Words: Challenge, Clinical education, Nursing procedures, Nursing student, Qualitative stud

Adjustment of balanced score card framework to measure performance at the area of copper industries (Case study: Songon copper complex)

At the present age, the great evolution of management knowledge made inevitable existence of performance measurement system, so that in order every organization to know the amount of activities desirability and performance results in complicated and dynamic environments, they need to create systems proportionate to their own special supervision and evaluation. At this research, the performance of copper company was investigated based on balanced score card model from four viewpoints including financial, customer, trade interior processes and growth & learning ones with indices proportionate to that company showing performance amount of the same company. This research is an applied one and its method is descriptional-analitical. The tools used to collect information are questionnaires and specific worksheets through environmental and library studies. Statistical population is all personnel of Songon Copper Complex in which samples selected by using Morgan table were 344 samples. Data related to qualitative indices were collected by use of questionnaires and then SPSS software was used to calculate and analyze them. Data related to quantitative indices were collected by interviewing with responsible persons and using documents, then comparison index was employed to analyze. The results show that Songon Copper Complex met 43/34 percent of goals and also it is meeting 56/66 percent of goals