The silk interest and the fiscal-military state

This chapter examines the relationship between the silk industry in eighteenth-century Britain and the fiscal-military state, specifically with Customs and Excise

The Character of the Solar Wind, Surface Interactions, and Water

We discuss the key characteristics of the proton-rich solar wind and describe how it may interact with the lunar surface. We suggest that solar wind can be both a source and loss of water/OH related volatiles, and review models showing both possibilities. Energy from the Sun in the form of radiation and solar wind plasma are in constant interaction with the lunar surface. As such, there is a solar-lunar energy connection, where solar energy and matter are continually bombarding the lunar surface, acting at the largest scale to erode the surface at 0.2 Angstroms per year via ion sputtering [1]. Figure 1 illustrates this dynamically Sun-Moon system

Fragmentation, Frustrated Revolt, and Off-Shore Opportunity: A Comparative Examination of Jihadi Mobilization in Central Asia and the South Caucasus

This research presents analysis for identifying common risk and resilience factors that contributed to or hindered Salafi jihadi mobilization of citizens of Central Asia and the South Caucasus and examines the extent to which these factors had differing internal and external outcomes on Salafi jihadi mobilization. Three levels of analysis provide examination of regime characteristics, behavior of jihadi organizations that mobilized individuals from the region, and case studies through interviews in communities affected by jihadi mobilization in Kyrgyzstan and Georgia. This research reveals that early distinctions in Islamist subnational struggles had oriented violence towards governments within Central Asia, while neighboring struggles in the North Caucasus oriented jihadi participants from Azerbaijan and Georgia largely towards external authorities in the north. Further, this research suggests that the dual phenomena of domestic jihadi manifestation of violence and foreign fighter mobilization to external theatres are inversely related and affected by the patterns of jihadi organizational displacement, co-location with larger entities engaged in conflict abroad, and expansion of organizations seeking new members within these external jihadi theatres. Additionally, state behavior, including state coercive capacity, solidification of elite cooperation, and regime legitimation through the construction of well-curated national identities, has served as a strengthening bulwark against jihadi organizational effectiveness internally in the region. Yet, interview data from this study indicates that state behavior has also engendered notable grievances among ethnic and religious minority populations in areas of jihadi foreign fighter origin. Despite these society-fragmenting perceptions of injustice, prejudice, and lack of trust in governance, grievances have not galvanized into viable sustained internal jihadi action throughout the region. Rather, this research suggests that punitive state pressures on outgroups and patterns of economic migration across the entire population have contributed to a venting process that limits the potential manpower available for internal violent agendas. Yet this same venting process presents some individuals avenues for jihadi mobilization, strengthening the recruitment possibilities for offshore jihadi organizations

Oft Forgotten Leadership Fundamentals

A vital function of the military leader is to influence the behavior of his subordinates in ways that will impel them to successfully complete the mission. Through experience, the effective leader acquires the necessary skills to fashion a unit into a cohesive organization intent on fulfilling the stated goals

Terrorism Is?

When one speaks of terrorism it is nor always dear just what one has in mind. The term has no precise and completely accepted definition. Some countries label those who engage in violent acts against them as \u27\u27terrorists.·• Freedom fighters rarely label them• selves in such a way, but they often claim they are subjected to governmental terror. In short, the definition of terrorism seems to depend on point of view-it is what the \u27bad guys\u27 do.\u27\u27

What is the Pensee Sauvage and is it still alive in Modern society?

The culinary process has changed somewhat down through the ages but not to any great extent. The raw materials are still similar but innovation and creativity has been applied to them to give the finished product varying degrees of taste, texture, sensory and aesthetic pleasure. Fundamentally the tools which we use to interpret or rate our food are the very same apparatus which animals use to define theirs. The anthropology of sensory perception is essentially the same for animals and man in an evolutionary perspective (Pasquet, Simmen & Pagezy, 2000). It reflects the capacity of the animal or primitive human mind to differentiate or detect simple odours and aromas such as esters or aldehydes present in food. Given these physical constraints we are therefore limited in how far we can develop our dining pleasure as our receptive tools cannot be replaced. Scientific knowledge is now being applied to dining in the realms of Haute Cuisine by which pleasure can enhance dining appreciation through the use of complementary systems, parings and electronic devices. Humans also exercise discretion in what we do and do not eat from a practical, nutritional or survivalist perspective but for conventional reasons, every society has done so. Creativity and innovation represent an area of culture where we have developed a specifically human arena or process to reflect our apprehension of nature. This creativity has been consistently applied to our diet down through the ages; this application has been in a very cyclical fashion with trends becoming popular, disappearing and latter re-merging. Innovation in the gastronomic field has been a gradual process

Responding to Terrorism: What, Why and When

When one speaks of terrorism it is not always clear just what one has in mind. The man in the street has a sense of what it means, and like pornography, one knows it when one sees it. It is a phenomenon that is much easier to describe than define. In some respects, we may be better served by doing just that, rather than by trying to force the attributes into an arbitrary grammatical construct which will satisfy lawyers. This conclusion is not reached without some effort and justification