IDENTIFYING AND MONITORING THE ROLES OF CAVITATION IN HEATING FROM HIGH-INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND

For high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to continue to gain acceptance for cancer treatment it is necessary to understand how the applied ultrasound interacts with gas trapped in the tissue. The presence of bubbles in the target location have been thought to be responsible for shielding the incoming pressure and increasing local heat deposition due to the bubble dynamics. We lack adequate tools for monitoring the cavitation process, due to both limited visualization methods and understanding of the underlying physics. The goal of this project was to elucidate the role of inertial cavitation in HIFU exposures in the hope of applying noise diagnostics to monitor cavitation activity and control HIFU-induced cavitation in a beneficial manner. A number of approaches were taken to understand the relationship between inertial cavitation signals, bubble heating, and bubble shielding in agar-graphite tissue phantoms. Passive cavitation detection (PCD) techniques were employed to detect inertial bubble collapses while the temperature was monitored with an embedded thermocouple. Results indicate that the broadband noise amplitude is correlated to bubble-enhanced heating. Monitoring inertial cavitation at multiple positions throughout the focal region demonstrated that bubble activity increased prefocally as it diminished near the focus. Lowering the HIFU duty cycle had the effect of maintaining a more or less constant cavitation signal, suggesting the shielding effect diminished when the bubbles had a chance to dissolve during the HIFU off-time. Modeling the effect of increasing the ambient temperature showed that bubbles do not collapse as violently at higher temperatures due to increased vapor pressure inside the bubble. Our conclusion is that inertial cavitation heating is less effective at higher temperatures and bubble shielding is involved in shifting energy deposition at the focus. The use of a diagnostic ultrasound imaging system as a PCD array was explored. Filtering out the scattered harmonics from the received RF signals resulted in a spatially- resolved inertial cavitation signal, while the amplitude of the harmonics showed a correlation with temperatures approaching the onset of boiling. The result is a new tool for detecting a broader spectrum of bubble activity and thus enhancing HIFU treatment visualization and feedback.Gordon Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems via NSF ERC Award Number EEC-9986821 and the U.S. Army, award number DAMD17-02-2-0014

SCANNING ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPE FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF ARTERIAL PLAQUE

Unstable arterial plaque is likely the key component of atherosclerosis, a disease which is responsible for two-thirds of heart attacks and strokes, leading to approximately 1 million deaths in the United States. Ultrasound imaging is able to detect plaque but as of yet is not able to distinguish unstable plaque from stable plaque. In this work a scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) was implemented and validated as tool to measure the acoustic properties of a sample. The goal for the SAM is to be able to provide quantitative measurements of the acoustic properties of different plaque types, to understand the physical basis by which plaque may be identified acoustically. The SAM consists of a spherically focused transducer which operates in pulse-echo mode and is scanned in a 2D raster pattern over a sample. A plane wave analysis is presented which allows the impedance, attenuation and phase velocity of a sample to be de- termined from measurements of the echoes from the front and back of the sample. After the measurements, the attenuation and phase velocity were analysed to ensure that they were consistent with causality. The backscatter coefficient of the samples was obtained using the technique outlined by Chen et al [8]. The transducer used here was able to determine acoustic properties from 10-40 MHz. The results for the impedance, attenuation and phase velocity were validated for high and low-density polyethylene against published results. The plane wave approximation was validated by measuring the properties throughout the focal region and throughout a range of incidence angles from the transducer. The SAM was used to characterize a set of recipes for tissue-mimicking phantoms which demonstrate indepen- dent control over the impedance, attenuation, phase velocity and backscatter coefficient. An initial feasibility study on a human artery was performed.This work was supported in part by CenSSIS the Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems under the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation (Award EEC- 9986821

Utility Coordination on LPA Project

Utility coordination can make or break a local public agency’s project budget and schedule. The session will educate local public agency (LPA) employees in responsible charge (ERCs) and designers on the utility coordination process, the utility coordinator’s responsibilities, the project manager’s responsibilities, and the LPA ERC’s responsibilities and how they work collectively to remediate utility conflicts during design and avoid conflicts in the field, while maintaining the design and construction schedules and overall project budget

Record-Breaking Trenchless Tunneling Success Demonstrates Value on SR-37

Trenchless tunneling methods were key to the INDOT SR 37 project’s success by providing drainage for new depressed interchanges. Gravity outfall sewers were selected over pump stations, which eliminated long-term O&M costs. This presentation explains how trenchless methods were successful in difficult ground and groundwater conditions. Approximately 1.4 miles of 54-inch-diameter storm sewers were successfully installed using trenchless tunneling methods, including a record breaking 2,304-foot-long curved micro tunnel boring machine (MTBM) run

EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PAUD TERPADU DI TK NEGERI 1 PEMBINA SAMARINDA

This evaluation study aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation program for the integration of early childhood in the 1 Trustees State Kindergarten in 2017/2018. The evaluation study was chosen as a research method, using the CIPPO Model from Daniel Stufflebeam developed by Gilbbert Sax. This study uses multi techniques and instruments to collect data and analyze data using descriptive statistics and qualitative techniques. The results of the study show: (1) Component Context: TK 1 Country Pembina Samarinda has several legal documents of all implementations. Parental and community support has been shown well, so the perspective of managers who register for implementation shows that they are developing programs. (2) Input Components: student groups are relevant to age. The qualifications and number of teachers are relevant to the criteria. TK Negeri 1 Pembina Samarinda has very complete resources, but does not have natural resources. Financial reports show good results from resource financing. Planning the implementation of the program shows the relevance of the criteria. (3) Process Components: Implementation of reference for children's development milestones and BCCT concepts. There are some disabled children who cannot adapt to learning. In the evaluation refer to Permendikbud Number 137, 146, and 31 of 2014 and a milestone in the development of children. (4) Product Components: Reports on research results indicate school development and readiness. (5). Component of Results (outcome): The perspective of elementary school teachers shows that graduates of Samarinda State 1 Kindergarten Kindergarten have adapted in the learning process in grade 1 elementary school

New concepts in post-disaster development: Learning from social entrepreneurs in Northern Haiti

Research Objective This research studies social entrepreneurship as a development tool. The motivation stems from the low ability of the hundreds of international organizations to provide tangible solutions for a better life for the local population in the post-disaster situation. The question raised is how social entrepreneurs can support the development of post-disaster Haiti. Social entrepreneurship seems a promising way to acknowledge social opportunities, while applying business practices in a sustainable manner. The purpose of the research was to analyse whether the activities of social entrepreneurship can be supported in future post-disaster scenarios. Methodology Through an ethnographic study in-depth data has been collected – partly via videography. In collaboration with Earth Aid Finland the work of two social entrepreneurs has been studied. The empirical data has been analysed through a practice theoretical lens with a critical realist epistemology. An edited film shows the results of the data analysis by following the model of the effectuation logic. Findings The action-oriented social entrepreneurs are effective in addressing and solving the local social obstacles, because they are well embedded in the environment. They primarily follow effectuation logic to exploit the opportunity. However the international community follows a rational logic that offsets the effect. This study suggests a shift in development policies towards a stronger commitment and capability support of local entrepreneurs, instead of continuing with the linear and sequential opportunity process. To achieve a greater impact the entrepreneurs require a stronger effectual stakeholder commitment

Volunteer Retention in Prosocial Venturing: The Role of Emotional Connectivity

This study develops an understanding of the role of emotional connectivity for volunteer retention in prosocial business venturing. By embedding it in organizational ambivalence theory, our analysis of four volunteer-dependent community ventures reveals two mechanisms through which entrepreneurs strengthen volunteers’ emotional connectivity. We first identify emotion-focused practices that form volunteers’ emotional attachment to the venture, and then demonstrate how duality-focused practices, in the form of managing inherent organizational duality, complement emotion-focused practices to foster volunteers’ emotional loyalty to the venture. Theorizing from our findings, we introduce a model of managing volunteers’ emotional connectivity, and conclude by discussing its implications for prosocial venture research on volunteerism and affective commitment

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG 1-20 MELALUI PERMAINAN PUZZLE DI TK TUNAS MUDA KOTA BANGUN

Untuk mengetahui peningkatkan kemampuan berhitung 1-20 melalui permainan puzzle di TK Tunas Muda Kota Bangun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TK Tunas Muda Kota Banguan semester 2 tahun 2016/2017. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah anak di TK Tunas Muda Kota Bangun. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran adalah penelitian, Teknik pengumpulan data di lakukan melaui dokumentasi dan lembar observasi. Observasi di lakukan padasaat proses pembelajaran, penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus, yaitu siklus I, siklus II, dan siklus III, setiap siklusnya sebanyak 2 kali pertemuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada siklus I diperoleh nilai rata-rata yaitu 49,65% (Kurang), pada siklus II nilai rata-rata 61,45% (Cukup), pada siklus III niali rata-rata 77,08% (Baik). karean kriteria sudah baik dan nilai yang diperoleh adalah 70% sesuai target sehingga pada siklus III dikatakan berhasil. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan berhitung melalui permainan puzzle di TK Tunas Muda mengalami peningkatan