Há flores que preferem o inverno

Trabalho de Projeto submetido à Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Desenvolvimento de Projeto Cinematográfico - especialização em Narrativas CinematográficasO presente documento consiste em uma investigação de carácter teórico-prático que, conjuntamente com o argumento para longa-metragem de ficção Há Flores que Preferem o Inverno, integra o Projeto de Mestrado em Narrativas Cinematográficas da Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema. Esta investigação procura examinar o processo de escrita do referido argumento, especialmente no que diz respeito ao recurso narrativo utilizado como veículo para dar expressão aos conteúdos internos da protagonista da história. O artifício desenvolvido para externalizar as inquietações psíquicas da personagem foi criar uma narrativa mítica, que conversasse com o inconsciente da protagonista e cuja figura simbólica principal servisse de catalisador da busca em sua jornada. Sendo assim, expõe-se aqui primeiramente uma análise acerca da importância das histórias antigas, como mitos e contos de fadas, na elaboração e superação de questões internas. Posteriormente, à luz de tais referências, é realizada uma análise do próprio argumento deste projeto e de sua narrativa mítica - a Lenda do Boi Preto - além de traçar um paralelo simbólico entre a figura do Boi Preto e divindades bovinas do Egito Antigo. Conduz-se então, uma investigação no cinema da principal referência fílmica para a escrita do argumento deste projeto: a obra O Espírito da Colmeia de Víctor Erice - que utiliza um recurso similar ao elaborado em Há Flores que Preferem o Inverno na condução da protagonista. Finalmente, conclui-se a inquestionável relevância das histórias arquetípicas para o desenvolvimento humano que, juntamente com a referência fílmica, culminaram em uma importante contribuição para a escrita do argumento.ABSTRACT - The present document consists of a theoretical-practical thesis that, together with the film script Há Flores que Preferem o Inverno, integrates the Master's Project in Film Narratives of the Lisbon Theater and Film School. This investigation aspires to examine the writing process of the referred film script, especially regarding the narrative resource used to give expression to the inner contents of the main character of the story. The artifice developed to externalize the character's psychic worries was to create a mythic narrative that would talk to the protagonist's subconscious and whose main symbolic figure would serve as a catalyst for the search on her journey. Therefore, an analysis of the relevance of ancient stories, such as myths and fairy tales, concerning the elaboration and overcoming of internal issues is first exposed here. Subsequently, in the light of such references, an analysis of the film script of this project and its mythical narrative - the Legend of the Black Ox - is carried out, in addition to tracing a symbolic parallel between the figure of the Black Ox and bovine deities of Ancient Egypt. Following, it is carried out a film investigation about the main film reference for the writing of this project's film script: the moving picture The Spirit of the Beehive by Víctor Erice - which uses a similar resource to the one elaborated in Há Flores que Preferem o Inverno to lead the main character through the narrative. Finally, it is concluded the unquestionable relevance of archetypal stories for human development that, together with the film reference, culminated in an important contribution to the writing of the film script.N/

Exogenous Administration of 15d-PGJ(2)-Loaded Nanocapsules Inhibits Bone Resorption in a Mouse Periodontitis Model

The 15-deoxy-(Delta 12,14)-PG J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) has demonstrated excellent anti-inflammatory results in different experimental models. It can be used with a polymeric nanostructure system for modified drug release, which can change the therapeutic properties of the active principle, leading to increased stability and slower/prolonged release. The aim of the current study was to test a nano-technological formulation as a carrier for 15d-PGJ(2), and to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of this formulation in a mouse periodontitis model. Poly (D, L-lactide-coglycolide) nanocapsules (NC) were used to encapsulate 15d-PGJ(2). BALB/c mice were infected on days 0, 2, and 4 with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and divided into groups (n = 5) that were treated daily during 15 d with 1, 3, or 10 mu g/kg 15d-PGJ(2)-NC. The animals were sacrificed, the submandibular lymph nodes were removed for FACS analysis, and the jaws were analyzed for bone resorption by morphometry. Immunoinflammatory markers in the gingival tissue were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR, Western blotting, or ELISA. Infected animals treated with the 15d-PGJ(2)-NC presented lower bone resorption than infected animals without treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, infected animals treated with 10 mu g/kg 15d-PGJ(2)-NC had a reduction of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) cells and CD4/CD8 ratio in the submandibular lymph node (p < 0.05). Moreover, CD55 was upregulated, whereas RANKL was downregulated in the gingival tissue of the 10 mu g/kg treated group (p < 0.05). Several proinflammatory cytokines were decreased in the group treated with 10 mu g/kg 15d-PGJ(2)-NC, and high amounts of 15d-PGJ(2) were observed in the gingiva. In conclusion, the 15d-PGJ(2)-NC formulation presented immunomodulatory effects, decreasing bone resorption and inflammatory responses in a periodontitis mouse model. The Journal of Immunology, 2012, 189: 1043-1052.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil [2010/15014-9]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (Brazil) (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas Grant) [471305/2009-0]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (Brazil) (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas Grant

Exogenous Administration of 15d-PGJ(2)-Loaded Nanocapsules Inhibits Bone Resorption in a Mouse Periodontitis Model

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The 15-deoxy-(Delta 12,14)-PG J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) has demonstrated excellent anti-inflammatory results in different experimental models. It can be used with a polymeric nanostructure system for modified drug release, which can change the therapeutic properties of the active principle, leading to increased stability and slower/prolonged release. The aim of the current study was to test a nano-technological formulation as a carrier for 15d-PGJ(2), and to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of this formulation in a mouse periodontitis model. Poly (D, L-lactide-coglycolide) nanocapsules (NC) were used to encapsulate 15d-PGJ(2). BALB/c mice were infected on days 0, 2, and 4 with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and divided into groups (n = 5) that were treated daily during 15 d with 1, 3, or 10 mu g/kg 15d-PGJ(2)-NC. The animals were sacrificed, the submandibular lymph nodes were removed for FACS analysis, and the jaws were analyzed for bone resorption by morphometry. Immunoinflammatory markers in the gingival tissue were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR, Western blotting, or ELISA. Infected animals treated with the 15d-PGJ(2)-NC presented lower bone resorption than infected animals without treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, infected animals treated with 10 mu g/kg 15d-PGJ(2)-NC had a reduction of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) cells and CD4/CD8 ratio in the submandibular lymph node (p < 0.05). Moreover, CD55 was upregulated, whereas RANKL was downregulated in the gingival tissue of the 10 mu g/kg treated group (p < 0.05). Several proinflammatory cytokines were decreased in the group treated with 10 mu g/kg 15d-PGJ(2)-NC, and high amounts of 15d-PGJ(2) were observed in the gingiva. In conclusion, the 15d-PGJ(2)-NC formulation presented immunomodulatory effects, decreasing bone resorption and inflammatory responses in a periodontitis mouse model. The Journal of Immunology, 2012, 189: 1043-1052.189210431052Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

PPAR-gamma agonists, mainly 15d-PGJ(2), reduce eosinophil recruitment following allergen challenge

We evaluate the immunomodulation of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists 15d-PGJ(2) and rosiglitazone (RGZ) in a model of chronic eosinophilia. 15d-PGJ(2) and RGZ significantly reduce eosinophil migration into the peritoneal cavity and down-regulate the eosinopoiesis. The synthesis of IL-5 was decreased after the treatment with 15d-PGJ(2) and RGZ corroborating with the eosinophil migration inhibition. However, IgE was decreased only after the administration of 15d-PGJ(2) in part due to B-cell inhibition. We also observed a decrease in the synthesis of IL-33, IL-17 and IL-23, suggesting that besides the modulation of Th2 pattern, there is a modulation via IL-23 and IL-17 suggesting a role of these cytokines in the eosinophil recruitment. In fact IL-17(-1-) mice failed to develop an eosinophilic response. Altogether, the results showed that PPAR-gamma agonists mainly 15d-PGJ(2), have therapeutic efficacy in eosinophil-induced diseases with an alternative mechanism of control, via IL-23/IL-17 and IL-33. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa de Minas Gerais [PPM 097/09]Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brazi