STUDY OF YOUNG PEOPLE’S WINE CONSUMPTION HABITS AT THE CORVINUS UNIVERSITY OF BUDAPEST

The Hungarian wine market has been undergoing continuous transformation, one of the principal reasons of which is Hungary’s European Union membership since 2004. The main disadvantage coming from the membership is that foreign wines are no longer rare curiosities but they are present to an extent that they disturb the market and constitute significant competition (in addition to the substituent products of the wine) for the domestic wines. The current economic crisis may also present various risks to the industry, such as a drop in consumption or the increase in the consumption of foreign wines with a good price/benefit ratio. Since I consider it important to preserve the market dominance of the Hungarian wines in the domestic market, I did not address the issue of domestic wine consumption habits on a theoretical level, but also conducted a questionnaire-based study in this field. My analysis focused on the wine consumption habits prevailing in the domestic market. I particularly tried to compare Hungarian and imported wines based on the judgments of the respondents. My research found that domestic wines had a disadvantage in terms of marketing, but their quality and cost/benefit ratio is judged to be higher than that of foreign wines. The students of the Corvinus University of Budapest are not susceptible to wine marketing because they consider other factors when selecting a wine. Foreign wines have better marketing, but the members of the group I examined prefer domestic wines, as my third hypothesis indicates. The research findings indicate that Hungarian wines are more competitive for the students. ---------------------------------------------------------- A magyar borpiac folyamatos átalakulásban van, amelynek az egyik legfÅ‘bb oka, hogy hazánk 2004 óta az Európai Unió tagja. A tagság hátránya leginkább abban mutatkozik meg, hogy a külföldi borok már nem választékbÅ‘vítés szintjén vannak jelen a hazai piacon, hanem piaczavaró mértékben, így nagy konkurenciát jelentenek (a bor helyettesítÅ‘ termékei mellett) a hazai boroknak. A jelenleg tapasztalható gazdasági válság szintén több veszélyt jelenthet az ágazat számára, mint például a fogyasztás visszaesése vagy a jó ár-érték arányú külföldi borok fogyasztásának növekedése. Mivel jómagam is fontosnak tartom „a belföldi piacon a magyar bor piaci dominanciáját megÅ‘rizniâ€, így nemcsak elméleti szinten foglalkoztam a hazai borfogyasztási szokások kérdéskörével, hanem kérdőíves kutatást is végeztem e témakörben. Az elemzésem fókuszában a belföldi piacon érvényesülÅ‘ borfogyasztási szokások vizsgá¬lata állt, különös figyelmet fordítva arra, hogy a megkérdezettek értékítélete alapján összehasonlítsam a magyar és az importborokat. A kutatás bebizonyította, hogy a hazai boroknak a marketingjellegű tényezÅ‘kben hátrányuk van, el¬lenben a minÅ‘ségük, valamint az ár-érték arányuk kedvezÅ‘bb megítélés alá esik a külföldi borokkal szemben. A hátrányt ki lehet küszöbölni, de a fiatalok érdekes módon nem fogékonyak a borok marke¬tingjére, ugyanis más tényezÅ‘ket tartanak szem elÅ‘tt a borok megválasztásánál. A külföldi borok jobb marketingháttérrel rendelkeznek, ezzel szemben az alapsokaság tagjai jobban kedvelik a hazai borokat, mint ahogy ezt a harmadik hipotézisem is mutatja. A fiatal felnÅ‘ttek hazánk boraihoz megbízhatóbb minÅ‘séget társítanak, és többek között ezért is kedvelik jobban a hazai termékeket, mint az importot. Ez az elemzés rávilágított arra, hogy a fiatalok számára a magyar bor minÅ‘ségileg versenyképesebb. A borfo¬gyasztókról elmondható, hogy a férfiak leginkább sörrel, a nÅ‘k pedig üdítÅ‘vel helyettesítik a bort. Valószínűleg a férfiak számára azért olyan kedvelt a sör, mivel rendszerint egy oldott hangulatot társítanak a fogyasztásához, valamint felfrissít, és a magyar ember számára is megfizethetÅ‘. A sör elÅ‘nye még az alacsonyabb alkoholtartalom, aminek következtében többet is ihatnak belÅ‘le anélkül, hogy különösebben kontrollálatlanná válnának. Annak ellenére, hogy a fiatalok nem fogékonyak a borok marketingjére, úgy gondolom, hogy igenis veszélyt jelenthetnek ezen fogyasztói csoport vonatkozásában is az erÅ‘sebb marketingháttérrel rendelkezÅ‘ külföldi borok, hiszen még alakulóban vannak borfogyasztási szokásaik.wine consumption, import, substitution product, marketing mix, attitude, crisis, borfogyasztás, import, helyettesítÅ‘ termékek, marketingmix, attitűd, válság, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing,

Trends and tendencies in management consulting in light of local and international development

The field of management consulting is now over 100 years old, but there are definite gaps in information about the size and nature of this field at the national, regional, and global levels. The aim of our contribution is to analyze the major trends in management consulting in Hungary and contrast the findings with those reported by FEACO, the European Federation of Management Consulting. The authors were and are actively involved in assmebling data for Hungary, for the EU, and at the global level. We include a brief bird's eye-view on the evolution of this important professional sector.

Co-Administration of Proton Pump Inhibitors May Negatively Affect the Outcome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Vedolizumab

Concomitant medications may alter the effect of biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. The aim was to investigate the effect of proton pump inhibitors on remission rates in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with the gut-selective vedolizumab. Patients from the Hungarian nationwide, multicenter vedolizumab cohort were selected for post hoc analysis. Primary outcomes were the assessment of clinical response and endoscopic and clinical remission at weeks 14 and 54. Secondary outcomes were the evaluation of the combined effect of concomitant steroid therapy and other factors, such as smoking, on remission. A total of 108 patients were identified with proton pump inhibitor data from 240 patients in the original cohort. Patients on steroids without proton pump inhibitors were more likely to have a clinical response at week 14 than patients on concomitant PPI (95% vs. 67%, p = 0.005). Non-smokers with IBD treated with VDZ were more likely to develop a clinical response at week 14 than smokers, particularly those not receiving PPI compared with patients on co-administered PPI therapy (81% vs. 53%, p = 0.041, and 92% vs. 74%, p = 0.029, respectively). We found that the use of PPIs in patients treated with VDZ may impair the achievement of response in certain subgroups. Unnecessary PPI prescriptions should be avoided

Psychiatric symptoms of patients with primary mitochondrial DNA disorders

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of our study was to assess psychiatric symptoms in patients with genetically proven primary mutation of the mitochondrial DNA.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>19 adults with known mitochondrial mutation (MT) have been assessed with the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire 20-item Disability Index (HAQ-DI), the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form (BDI-SF), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the clinical version of the Structured Clinical Interview for the the DSM-IV (SCID-I and SCID-II) As control, 10 patients with hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy (HN), harboring the peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22) mutation were examined with the same tools.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The two groups did not differ significantly in gender, age or education. Mean HAQ-DI score was 0.82 in the MT (range: 0-1.625) and 0.71 in the HN group (range: 0-1.625). Level of disability between the two groups did not differ significantly (<it>p </it>= 0.6076). MT patients scored significantly higher on the BDI-SF and HDRS than HN patients (12.85 versus 4.40, <it>p </it>= 0.031, and 15.62 vs 7.30, <it>p </it>= 0.043, respectively). The Global Severity Index (GSI) of SCL-90-R also showed significant difference (1.44 vs 0.46, <it>p </it>= 0.013) as well as the subscales except for somatization. SCID-I interview yielded a variety of mood disorders in both groups. Eight MT patient (42%) had past, 6 (31%) had current, 5 (26%) had both past and current psychiatric diagnosis, yielding a lifetime prevalence of 9/19 (47%) in the MT group. In the HN group, 3 patients had both past and current diagnosis showing a lifetime prevalence of 3/10 (30%) in this group. SCID-II detected personality disorder in 8 MT cases (42%), yielding 3 avoidant, 2 obsessive-compulsive and 3 personality disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) diagnosis. No personality disorder was identified in the HN group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in patients with mitochondrial mutation which has both etiologic and therapeutic relevance.</p

Forest Bathing Always Makes Sense: Blood Pressure-Lowering and Immune System-Balancing Effects in Late Spring and Winter in Central Europe

Various formats of forest bathing have been receiving increasing attention owing to their perspectives in health promotion and the treatment of chronic lifestyle diseases. The majority of field studies are still being conducted in the Far Eastern region, and they often make psychological assessments mainly in the green season. In our pretest–posttest field experiment, twelve healthy, working-age volunteers participated in a 2-h leisurely forest walking program, first in the green season (May) and then in the winter season (January), in the Mecsek Hills, next to Pécs, Hungary. Systolic blood pressure decreased after the trips both in late spring and in the winter. Based on changes in the expressions of CD69, an early activation marker, NKG2D, a major recognition receptor, perforin, granzyme B, and TIM-3, an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule, on CD8+ cytotoxic T, NK, NKdim, NKbright, and NKT cells, we detected the stimulation of NKbright cells and activation of all examined immune cell subsets in the green season. In the winter, a slight activating and an interesting balancing effect regarding TIM-3 could be observed considering our finding that basal (pretest) TIM-3 expression by NK cells was significantly lower in the winter. Our work expands the knowledge on and potentials of forest medicine

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation promotes anti-aging miRNA expression profile in the aorta of aged mice, predicting epigenetic rejuvenation and anti-atherogenic effects

Understanding molecular mechanisms involved in vascular aging is essential to develop novel interventional strategies for treatment and prevention of age-related vascular pathologies. Recent studies provide critical evidence that vascular aging is characterized by NAD+ depletion. Importantly, in aged mice, restoration of cellular NAD+ levels by treatment with the NAD+ booster nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) exerts significant vasoprotective effects, improving endothelium-dependent vasodilation, attenuating oxidative stress, and rescuing age-related changes in gene expression. Strong experimental evidence shows that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has a role in vascular aging. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that age-related NAD+ depletion is causally linked to dysregulation of vascular miRNA expression. A corollary hypothesis is that functional vascular rejuvenation in NMN-treated aged mice is also associated with restoration of a youthful vascular miRNA expression profile. To test these hypotheses, aged (24- month-old) mice were treated with NMN for 2 weeks and miRNA signatures in the aortas were compared to those in aortas obtained from untreated young and aged control mice. We found that protective effects of NMN treatment on vascular function are associated with anti-aging changes in the miRNA expression profile in the aged mouse aorta. The predicted regulatory effects of NMN-induced differentially expressed miRNAs in aged vessels include anti-atherogenic effects and epigenetic rejuvenation. Future studies will uncover the mechanistic role of miRNA gene expression regulatory networks in the anti-aging effects of NAD+ booster treatments and determine the links between miRNAs regulated by NMN and sirtuin activators and miRNAs known to act in the conserved pathways of aging and major aging-related vascular diseases

The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema - The 2021 revision and update.

Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease for which early diagnosis and effective therapy are critical. This revision and update of the global WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE provides up-to-date guidance for the management of HAE. For this update and revision of the guideline, an international panel of experts reviewed the existing evidence, developed 28 recommendations, and established consensus by an online DELPHI process. The goal of these recommendations and guideline is to help physicians and their patients in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1-inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1-inhibitor (type 2), by providing guidance on common and important clinical issues, such as: 1) How should HAE be diagnosed? 2) When should HAE patients receive prophylactic on top of on-demand treatment and what treatments should be used? 3) What are the goals of treatment? 4) Should HAE management be different for special HAE patient groups such as children or pregnant/breast feeding women? 5) How should HAE patients monitor their disease activity, impact, and control? It is also the intention of this guideline to help establish global standards for the management of HAE and to encourage and facilitate the use of recommended diagnostics and therapies for all patients

The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema—The 2021 revision and update

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease for which early diagnosis and effective therapy are critical. This revision and update of the global WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE provides up-to-date guidance for the management of HAE. For this update and revision of the guideline, an international panel of experts reviewed the existing evidence, developed 28 recommendations, and established consensus by an online DELPHI process. The goal of these recommendations and guideline is to help physicians and their patients in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1 inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1 inhibitor (type 2), by providing guidance on common and important clinical issues, such as: (1) How should HAE be diagnosed? (2) When should HAE patients receive prophylactic on top of on-demand treatment and what treatments should be used? (3) What are the goals of treatment? (4) Should HAE management be different for special HAE patient groups such as children or pregnant/breast-feeding women? and (5) How should HAE patients monitor their disease activity, impact, and control? It is also the intention of this guideline to help establish global standards for the management of HAE and to encourage and facilitate the use of recommended diagnostics and therapies for all patients