Desenvolvimento de estratégias para a promoção de emoções positivas

O presente estudo, encontra-se inserido nas Unidades Curriculares de Prática Profissional II e III em dois contextos distintos, Educação Pré-Escolar e 1ºCiclo do Ensino Básico. O mesmo terá surgido pelo facto de as emoções se encontrarem presentes na vida do ser humano, condicionando o seu comportamento, e por ser tão importante, deve ser valorizado e estudado. Deste modo, a necessidade de compreender as emoções tem suscitado cada vez mais interesse, sendo demonstrado no crescente número de estudos que têm surgido para demonstrar a sua importância, desde tenra idade. Em relação à metodologia de investigação-ação, foi necessário recolher alguns dados, nomeadamente na realização de atividades relacionadas com o tema, especialmente durante a execução da Prática Profissional II. Nesta prática surgiram algumas questões pertinentes que suscitaram o estudo do presente tema, das quais destaco as seguintes: Que estratégias poderão ser utilizadas para a promoção de emoções positivas nas crianças? Qual deverá ser a atuação do adulto na promoção de emoções positivas que beneficiem o desenvolvimento? Contudo, durante a prática destacaram-se dois tipos de emoções: as positivas e as negativas. As positivas (ex: alegria) evidenciavam-se quando demonstravam bom comportamento ou quando atingiam determinado objetivo. Em contrapartida, quando se evidenciavam emoções negativas (ex: tristeza, raiva, medo…), estas eram demonstradas através do mau comportamento, como quando danificavam determinado brinquedo ou material pertencente à sala, por exemplo. Por outro lado, adquiriram diversas aprendizagens a partir das atividades realizadas, sendo uma delas o reconhecimento e, sobretudo, a descoberta de algumas emoções que anteriormente desconheciam. Ainda assim, as crianças necessitam de saber controlar o seu estado emocional, para que sejam capazes de estar preparadas para lidar da melhor forma com a diversidade de situações que decorrem ao longo da vida

Prática de ensino supervisionada em educação pré-escolar: desenvolver a orientação espacial

Elaborado no âmbito da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada do Mestrado em Educação pré-escolar, o presente relatório pretende dar a conhecer os aspetos inerentes à prática desenvolvida no ano letivo de 2014/2015 na instituição CoopBerço de Évora, diretamente relacionados com a dimensão investigativa dessa prática. Esta investigação foi realizada tendo em conta as necessidades e os interesses das crianças, conciliados com um foco no desenvolvimento da orientação espacial. A presente investigação teve como objetivos desenvolver a minha competência de preparar e conduzir situações que promovam o desenvolvimento da orientação espacial das crianças, nomeadamente nos espaços do Jardim-de-infância; desenvolver a minha competência de identificar situações reais adequadas para explorar a orientação espacial com as crianças; identificar situações a explorar para aproveitar a curiosidade e interesses das crianças; e refletir sobre as observações realizadas com base nos desempenhos das crianças e identificar como melhorar a prática. Estes objetivos foram definidos com a finalidade de tornar possível promover o desenvolvimento da orientação espacial das crianças no contexto de creche e jardim-de-infância, o que se torna fundamental desde os primeiros anos. A investigação apoiou-se na recolha e análise de dados relativos ao trabalho realizado no âmbito da orientação espacial, trabalho realizado com fundamentação teórica. Em ambos os contextos, foi desenvolvida uma sequência de tarefas promotoras de aspetos fundamentais da orientação espacial, como tomar um ponto de vista, conseguir localizar e ler e interpretar mapas. Este estudo permite concluir que a orientação espacial pode começar a ser desenvolvida nas primeiras idades, sendo crucial a organização do espaço que rodeia as crianças, assim como o proporcionar-lhes momentos de exploração, discussão em grupo e investigação para que possam consolidar noções espaciais que já dominam e fazerm novas aquisições. O educador tem um papel crucial na ampliação da capacidade de orientação espacial das crianças, sendo importante promover situações diversas que recorram à posição no espaço das crianças, localização, à tomada de um ponto de vista e à leitura de mapas; cSupervised Teaching Practice in Pre-School Education: Developing Spatial Orientation Abstract: This report focus on the supervised teaching practice of the Master on Preschool Education and intends to describe the investigative dimension of the practises developed in the academic year of 2014/2015 in the CoopBerço de Évora. This research was conducted taking into account the needs and interests of the children in what concerns the development of their spatial orientation. This research aimed to develop my competence of preparing and conducting situations that promote the development of spatial orientation of the children; to develop my competence of identifying suitable real situations to explore the spatial orientation with the children; to identify situations that take advantage of the curiosity and interests of children; and to reflect on the children's performance and, at last, to identify how to improve my practice as educator. These objectives were defined in order to make possible to promote the development of spatial orientation of children in the context of nursery school and kindergarten, considering that these development is fundamental since the early years of childwood. The research is based on the collection and analysis of data relating to the work concerning the development of spatial orientation. The work with the children was intentionally prepared with the elaboration of a sequence of tasks devoted to promote the development of fundamental aspects of spatial orientation, such as taking a point of view, being able to locate and reading and interpreting maps. This study shows that the spatial orientation can start to be developed at early ages. The organization of the space surrounding the children is crucial as well is to provide children with moments of exploration, group discussion and investigation so they can use and exploit the spatial notions that already know. The teacher plays a crucial role in expanding the spatial orientation ability of the children. It is important to prepare and conduct diverse situations making use of the position in the space, location, making a point of view and map reading

Caracterização funcional, histológica e celular da longa porção do bicípete em doentes com tendinopatia

Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Biologia Humana e Ambiente). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2010A longa porção do bicípete (LPB) surge muitas vezes afectada nas situações em que há patologia dos tendões da coifa dos rotadores. Actualmente, a tenotomia da LPB é prática comum nestes casos observando-se melhoria da dor e de função articular. Este trabalho teve como objectivo caracterizar a matriz extracelular da LPB em doentes com tendinopatia e a expressão génica de células do tendão in vitro. Foram colhidas amostras de 10 doentes com patologia degenerativa do ombro, 5 doentes com patologia traumática e 8 indivíduos saudáveis. A matriz extracelular foi estudada através de colorações histológicas e marcação para a substância P, tanto na extremidade proximal como distal do tecido. Por outro lado, foi estudada a expressão génica de proteínas essenciais ao metabolismo das células do tendão e testado o efeito de um corticóide. Neste trabalho observou-se que a matriz extracelular do tendão dos doentes com patologia degenerativa evidencia menor organização da matriz, quer através de estudos histológicos quer pelos baixos níveis de expressão génica dos colagénios tipo I e III, tenascina C, entre outros. O estímulo com TGF-1 induziu alterações na expressão dos colagénios. Por outro lado o efeito da dexametasona foi nulo. Nos doentes com patologia traumática foi ainda observado um aumento de celularidade e vasos sanguíneos, o que está em concordância com os níveis de expressão de VEGF. Como comentário final, podemos dizer que não foram detectadas diferenças nas extremidades proximal e distal do tecido. Além disso, e ao contrário do que se poderia esperar, a dexametasona não altera a expressão génica mas o estímulo com TGF-1 estimula a remodelação de matriz. Este trabalho foi pioneiro na caracterização da longa porção do bicípete em doentes com tendinopatia e pode ser assim utilizado como base para estudos futuros.The long head of biceps (LHB) can be affected in cases of rotator cuff pathology. In fact, tenotomy of the LHB is a standard procedure in shoulder surgery and leads to significant pain release and improvement of joint mobility. The aim of this project was to characterize extracellular LHB matrix in tendinopathy patients and to assess tendon cells gene expression.LHB samples from 10 patients with degenerative process and 5 patients with a traumatic event were collected. Histological staining allowed the study of the matrix organization and composition. The P substance was accessed by immunohistochemistry in both proximal and distal portions of the tissue. Additionally the tendon cells metabolism was assessed by gene expression. The histological studies, together with the low levels of collagen type I, III and tenascin C gene expression, indicate that patients with degenerative disease have a more disorganized extracellular matrix than the others groups. However, TGF-1 stimulation induced an increase on the levels of collagen type I and III expression in patients with degenerative disease. On the other hand, dexamethasone did not change gene expression levels. The group of patients with traumatic event showed an increase in cell and blood vessels number, which is in accordance with higher expression of VEGF. Taken together, these results have shown that there were no differences between the proximal and distal parts of the tissue. Moreover, as opposed to the clinical findings, dexamethasone did not produce any effect, but TGF-1 stimulated an increase in the expression of matrix remodeling genes. This work was pioneer in the study of LHB in patients with tendinopathy, which will allow future studies to develop new and more efficient therapeutics

O que é um “older worker” e porquê?

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade em Psicologia Social e das OrganizaçõesEste estudo pretende dar um contributo empírico do constructo de idade no local de trabalho. Inicialmente tentou perceber-se qual a idade (em anos), em que um trabalhador é considerado um “older worker”. Adicionalmente, explorou-se se esta idade varia consoante o género do trabalhador. Finalmente tentou perceber-se quais os fatores que estão associados ao conceito de “older worker”. Neste sentido foram desenvolvidas as seguintes questões de investigação (Questão 1) A partir de que idade é que um trabalhador é considerado um “older worker”?; (Questão 2) A idade de um “older worker” varia caso este seja homem ou mulher? e (Questão 3) Quais os motivos que determinam um trabalhador ser considerado “older worker”?. Participaram neste estudo 360 participantes, trabalhadores em diferentes organizações, selecionados a partir da população empregada portuguesa. Após o tratamento estatístico dos dados concluiu-se que um indivíduo é considerado um “older worker” aos 56 (SD=8.3) anos de idade. Adicionalmente verificou-se que esta idade varia em função do género do trabalhador, uma vez que um trabalhador do sexo masculino é considerado um “older worker” aos 58 (SD=7.6) anos, enquanto que uma trabalhadora é considerada uma “older worker” aos 54 (SD=8.5) anos. Outra conclusão desta investigação foi que fatores como o conformismo e estagnação de competências e o envolvimento e proatividade, são os mais determinantes do conceito de “older worker”.This study offers an empirical investigation of the construct of age in the workplace. A first contribution in this study explore at what age a worker is considered an “Older Worker”. Additionally we explore if the identified age is the same for both male and female “Older Worker”. Finally this study aims to identify the attributes, or explanatory factors, that are behind the definition of an “older worker”. Research questions: (Question 1) At what age a worker is defined as an older worker?; (Question 2) Will the age of a Male Older Worker be the same of a Female Older Worker? (Question 3) How is conceptualize an Older Worker?. 360 participants consisted in this sample, employees in different organizations, selected from the employed portuguese population. ABSTRACT: After the statistical processing of the data it is concluded that participants define an Older Worker to be aged at 56 (SD=8.3). Additionally results illustrate that gender differences still persist, once that male participants are considered Older Workers at the age of 58 (SD=7.6) while for a female worker the age is 54 (SD=8.5). Another conclusion determines that conformity, stagnation of competence and involvement and proactivity are the most determinant explanatory factors which are behind the definition of an Older Worker

Control of tissue growth by Yap relies on cell density and F-actin in zebrafish fin regeneration

This work was supported by funding from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/62126/2009, PTDC/BEX-BID/1176/2012]; and Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-11-BSV5-0021].Caudal fin regeneration is characterized by a proliferation boost in the mesenchymal blastema that is controlled precisely in time and space. This allows a gradual and robust restoration of original fin size. However, how this is established and regulated is not well understood. Here, we report that Yap, the Hippo pathway effector, is a chief player in this process: functionally manipulating Yap during regeneration dramatically affects cell proliferation and expression of key signaling pathways, impacting regenerative growth. The intracellular location of Yap is tightly associated with different cell densities along the blastema proximal-distal axis, which correlate with alterations in cell morphology, cytoskeleton and cell-cell contacts in a gradient-like manner. Importantly, Yap inactivation occurs in high cell density areas, conditional to F-actin distribution and polymerization. We propose that Yap is essential for fin regeneration and that its function is dependent on mechanical tension, conferred by a balancing act of cell density and cytoskeleton activity.publishersversionpublishe

Targeting senescent cells improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury

© The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Persistent senescent cells (SCs) are known to underlie aging-related chronic disorders, but it is now recognized that SCs may be at the center of tissue remodeling events, namely during development or organ repair. In this study, we show that two distinct senescence profiles are induced in the context of a spinal cord injury between the regenerative zebrafish and the scarring mouse. Whereas induced SCs in zebrafish are progressively cleared out, they accumulate over time in mice. Depletion of SCs in spinal-cord-injured mice, with different senolytic drugs, improves locomotor, sensory, and bladder functions. This functional recovery is associated with improved myelin sparing, reduced fibrotic scar, and attenuated inflammation, which correlate with a decreased secretion of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory factors. Targeting SCs is a promising therapeutic strategy not only for spinal cord injuries but potentially for other organs that lack regenerative competence.D.P.d.C. was supported by a FCT PhD fellowship (PD/BD/105770/2014). I.M. was supported by a FCT post-doctoral fellowship (SFRH/BPD/118051/2016). A.M.C. was supported by a FCT fellowship (PTDC/BOM-MED/3295/2014). A.F.D. was supported by CONGENTO LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170, co-financed by FCT (Portugal) and Lisboa2020, under the PORTUGAL2020 agreement (European Regional Development Fund). D.N.-S. was supported by a FCT PhD fellowship (SFRH/BD/138636/2018). D.C. was supported by a FCT PhD fellowship (PD/BD/114179/2016). L.S. was supported by a FCT IF contract. The project leading to these results has received funding from a FCT grant (PTDC/MED-NEU/30428/2017) and “la Caixa” Banking Foundation and FCT, I.P., under project code HR18-00187.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Peripheral axonal ensheathment is regulated by RalA GTPase and the exocyst complex

Funding This work was supported by H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions [H2020- GA661543-Neuronal Trafficking to R.O.T.], Fundo Regional para a Ciência e Tecnologia [IF/00392/2013/CP1192/CT0002 to R.O.T.] and iNOVA4Health (UID/Multi/04462/2013) (co-funded by FCT-FEDER-PT2020).Axon ensheathment is fundamental for fast impulse conduction and the normal physiological functioning of the nervous system. Defects in axonal insulation lead to debilitating conditions, but, despite its importance, the molecular players responsible are poorly defined. Here, we identify RalA GTPase as a key player in axon ensheathment in Drosophila larval peripheral nerves. We demonstrate through genetic analysis that RalA action through the exocyst complex is required in wrapping glial cells to regulate their growth and development. We suggest that the RalA-exocyst pathway controls the targeting of secretory vesicles for membrane growth or for the secretion of a wrapping glia-derived factor that itself regulates growth. In summary, our findings provide a new molecular understanding of the process by which axons are ensheathed in vivo, a process that is crucial for normal neuronal function.publishersversionpublishe

Denervation impairs regeneration of amputated zebrafish fins

info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/3599-PPCDT/126111/PT We thank to the IMM Fish Facility manager Lara Carvalho for support with fish care, to the CEDOC Fish Facility, to the IMM Bioimaging Unit and to the IGC Unit of Imaging and Cytometry. We thank to Leonor Saude, Henry Roehl and Kenneth Poss for providing probes. We thank Jeremy Brockes, Jacqueline Geraudie, Rita Fior, Elsa Abranches, Joaquin Rodriguez Leon, Nuno Afonso, Rita Mateus and Pedro Alves for reading the manuscript and for insightful discussions that lead to this work. Mariana Guedes Simoes was supported by a PhD grant from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal. Anabela Bensimon-Brito was suported by the ERC Reseal project (2007-StG-208631). The research presented in this manuscript has been funded by FCT research grants (PTDC/SAU-GMG/101537/2008 PTDC/SAU-OBD/100200/2008 PTDC/BEX-BID/1176/2012).Background: Zebrafish are able to regenerate many of its tissues and organs after damage. In amphibians this process is regulated by nerve fibres present at the site of injury, which have been proposed to release factors into the amputated limbs/fins, promoting and sustaining the proliferation of blastemal cells. Although some candidate factors have been proposed to mediate the nerve dependency of regeneration, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. Results: We have used zebrafish as a model system to address the role of nerve fibres in fin regeneration. We have developed a protocol for pectoral fin denervation followed by amputation and analysed the regenerative process under this experimental conditions. Upon denervation fins were able to close the wound and form a wound epidermis, but could not establish a functional apical epithelial cap, with a posterior failure of blastema formation and outgrowth, and the accumulation of several defects. The expression patterns of genes known to be key players during fin regeneration were altered upon denervation, suggesting that nerves can contribute to the regulation of the Fgf, Wnt and Shh pathways during zebrafish fin regeneration. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that proper innervation of the zebrafish pectoral fin is essential for a successful regenerative process, and establish this organism as a useful model to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of nerve dependence, during vertebrate regeneration.publishersversionpublishe

Proteomic landscape of extracellular vesicles for diffuse large b‐cell lymphoma subtyping

Funding Information: R.M. is supported by Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia (CEEC position, 2019?2025 investigator). This article is a result of the projects (iNOVA4Health?UID/Multi/04462/2013), supported by Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This work is also funded by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and National Funds through FCT?Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the projects number PTDC/BTM?TEC/30087/2017 and PTDC/BTM?TEC/30088/2017. B.C.S. is supported by the Cham-palimaud Foundation and the EMBO Installation Grant 3921. Funding Information: Funding: R.M. is supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (CEEC position, 2019–2025 investigator). This article is a result of the projects (iNOVA4Health—UID/Multi/04462/2013), sup‐ ported by Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This work is also funded by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and National Funds through FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the projects number PTDC/BTM‐TEC/30087/2017 and PTDC/BTM‐TEC/30088/2017. B.C.S. is supported by the Cham‐ palimaud Foundation and the EMBO Installation Grant 3921. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) proteome in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) pathology, subclassification, and patient screening is unexplored. We analyzed by state‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometry the whole cell and secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) proteomes of different molecular subtypes of DLBCL, germinal center B cell (GCB subtype), and activated B cell (ABC subtype). After quality control assessment, we compared whole‐cell and secreted EVs proteomes of the two cell‐of‐origin (COO) categories, GCB and ABC subtypes, resulting in 288/1115 significantly differential expressed proteins from the whole‐cell proteome and 228/608 proteins from EVs (adjust p‐value < 0.05/p‐value < 0.05). In our preclinical model system, we demonstrated that the EV prote-ome and the whole‐cell proteome possess the capacity to separate cell lines into ABC and GCB sub-types. KEGG functional analysis and GO enrichment analysis for cellular component, molecular function, and biological process of differential expressed proteins (DEP) between ABC and GCB EVs showed a significant enrichment of pathways involved in immune response function. Other enriched functional categories for DEPs constitute cellular signaling and intracellular trafficking such as B‐cell receptor (BCR), Fc_gamma R‐mediated phagocytosis, ErbB signaling, and endocyto-sis. Our results suggest EVs can be explored as a tool for patient diagnosis, follow‐up, and disease monitoring. Finally, this study proposes novel drug targets based on highly expressed proteins, for which antitumor drugs are available suggesting potential combinatorial therapies for aggressive forms of DLBCL. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD028267.publishersversionpublishe

Is the proteome of bronchoalveolar lavage extracellular vesicles a marker of advanced lung cancer?

Funding: R.M. is supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (CEEC position, 2019–2025 investigator). This article is a result of the projects (iNOVA4Health—UID/Multi/04462/2013), supported by Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This work is also funded by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and National Funds through FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the projects number PTDC/BTM-TEC/30087/2017 and PTDC/BTM-TEC/30088/2017. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Margdarshi Fellowship (grant number IA/M/15/1/502023) awarded to A.P. B.C.-S., M.C.S.C. and C.B. are supported by the Champalimaud Foundation and the EMBO Installation Grant 3921.Acellular bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) proteomics can partially separate lung cancer from non-lung cancer patients based on principal component analysis and multivariate analysis. Furthermore, the variance in the proteomics data sets is correlated mainly with lung cancer status and, to a lesser extent, smoking status and gender. Despite these advances BAL small and large extracellular vehicles (EVs) proteomes reveal aberrant protein expression in paracrine signaling mechanisms in cancer initiation and progression. We consequently present a case-control study of 24 bronchoalveolar lavage extracellular vesicle samples which were analyzed by state-of-the-art liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We obtained evidence that BAL EVs proteome complexity correlated with lung cancer stage 4 and mortality within two years´ follow-up (p value = 0.006). The potential therapeutic target DNMT3B complex is significantly up-regulated in tumor tissue and BAL EVs. The computational analysis of the immune and fibroblast cell markers in EVs suggests that patients who deceased within the follow-up period display higher marker expression indicative of innate immune and fibroblast cells (four out of five cases). This study provides insights into the proteome content of BAL EVs and their correlation to clinical outcomes.publishersversionpublishe