310 research outputs found
How Leadership can be impacted by different Organizational Cultures and have influence on followers.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Industial symbiosis in a circular economy:towards firms' sustainable competitive advantage
The main objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive view of academic studies
that address simultaneously the circular economy and industrial symbiosis, based on bibliometric
data for the years 1900 to 2018. Data are collected in Web of Science using the VOSviewer software.
Bibliometric indicators, network citation, cluster analysis, and density view analysis are used. From
our findings we highlight four clusters in the research, which help to contextualize the literature
review: (a) circular economy: approaches and tools; (b) industrial symbiosis Dynamics; (c) circular
economy: strategies and performance; (d) the efficiency of resources in symbiosis industry. This
study also establishes perspectives for future lines of research and, correspondingly, seeks to
provide a theoretical basis that can serve as a starting point for future studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3): Past, present and future research
The recent change in the regional development strategy of the European Union (EU) results in an important need to study the terms of change and their respective implications. This study seeks, through a bibliometric analysis, to ascertain the developments taking place in studies on research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3) to identify shortcomings and opportunities for future research. This bibliometric review drew upon the Scopus database with the sample selected containing all the articles containing the keywords “Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation” or “RIS3.” This correspondingly reports how some authors maintain that the path the EU should take involves imitative innovation. Meanwhile, others propose that each region should specialise in those industries that are already established there and thus avoid targeting any areas they do not already know/specialise in. Our findings detail six clusters in RIS3 research, which help in contextualising the literature review: (a) business discovery; (b) smart specialisation; (c) innovation; (d) specialisation; (e) regional policies; and (f) regional development. This study furthermore sets out perspectives for future lines of research and correspondingly seeks to convey a vast theoretical basis
that may serve as the point of departure for future studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Does hallucinatory predisposition influence voice processing? : probing the interactions between speech, identity, and emotion
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2017Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a core symptom of psychotic
disorders such as schizophrenia, although similar experiences have been widely
reported in nonclinical samples. Due to these observations, a dimensional approach to
the understanding of these symptoms has been in discussion: the continuum model of
psychosis. One of its assumptions is that the experiences observed in both clinical and
nonclinical groups rely on similar cognitive and neural mechanisms. For example,
psychotic patients reveal impairments in the recognition of their own speech, often
attributing it to an external source, particularly when it carries negative content. This
could also be the case in nonclinical samples experiencing hallucinations, although
more studies probing voice perception in these individuals are needed, to assess the
existence of similar impairments. We recruited nonclinical participants with different
scores on the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale-Revised. They pre-recorded words and
vocalizations that were subsequently used in a set of tasks. We assessed voice identity
processing at both the discrimination and recognition levels, while taking into account
the interactions between the three main voice dimensions: speech, identity, and emotion
(Experiment 1). We also wanted to explore if these potential differences could be
related to differences in the emotional evaluation of the voice stimuli (Experiment 2).
Our results suggest that hallucinatory predisposition is associated with differences in the
voice recognition processes: there was an association between lower performance in
recognizing one’s own speech and a higher predisposition for auditory hallucinations,
particularly when listening to vocalizations not carrying semantic content. We did not
find an association between these impairments and negative emotional content of the
auditory stimuli, as observed in previous studies with patients. However, our study
suggests that the processes involved in the recognition of self-produced vocal stimuli
could underlie the experience of auditory hallucinations in nonclinical individuals.Nos últimos anos, tem surgido um interesse cada vez maior no estudo de
manifestações sintomáticas observadas em camadas não-clínicas da população (e.g.,
Broyd et al., 2016; Powers, Kelley, & Corlett, 2016). Este tipo de sintomas ou
experiências, cuja descrição surge habitualmente ligada a perturbações diagnosticáveis,
nem sempre estão associados a um mal-estar significativo nos indivíduos ou a uma
necessidade de ajuda psicoterapêutica ou psiquiátrica (e.g., Daalman, Diederen,
Hoekema, Lutterveld, & Sommer, 2016). Assim, ainda não é claro se estas
manifestações – ou quais delas – estão associadas a fases mais precoces de uma
perturbação, ou constituem simplesmente traços ou estados dos indivíduos sem um risco
clínico (e.g., Johns et al., 2014; Yung et al., 2009). A progressão sintomática varia
fortemente de indivíduo para indivíduo, e isto tem levado ao surgimento de novas
abordagens dimensionais que possam alargar o estudo da psicopatologia além das
categorias já existentes, contribuindo assim para a exploração da emergência
transdiagnóstica dos sintomas (e.g., Nelson, McGorry, Wichers, Wigman, & Hartmann,
2017; iniciativa RDoC em Yee, Javitt, & Miller, 2015).
As perturbações psicóticas têm sido um foco deste tipo de abordagens mais
dimensionais, uma vez que experiências habitualmente associadas a perturbações como
a esquizofrenia – por exemplo, experiências anómalas na perceção de voz, similares a
alucinações auditivas – têm vindo a ser observadas na população em geral, muitas vezes
sem mal-estar associado (e.g., Strauss, 1969; van Os, 2003; Yung et al., 2009). Uma
destas abordagens, que tem sido sujeita a uma vasta discussão na literatura científica, é
o modelo do contínuo das experiências psicóticas (e.g., Badcock & Hugdahl, 2012; van
Os, Linscott, Myin-Germeys, Delespaul, & Krabbendam, 2009). Este modelo sugere
que a experiência deste tipo de sintomas se distribui ao longo de um contínuo entre o
funcionamento saudável e o funcionamento psicopatológico, não estando
necessariamente associada à presença de perturbação (van Os et al., 2009). Além disso,
o modelo sugere também que os sintomas das populações clínica e não-clínica poderão
ter subjacentes os mesmos mecanismos cognitivos e neurológicos (Badcock & Hugdahl,
2012). Contudo, são necessários mais estudos que ajudem a esclarecer se estamos a
discutir o mesmo tipo de experiências, com as mesmas origens, nestas diferentes
camadas da população.
Um dos sintomas comuns em perturbações psicóticas, como a esquizofrenia, que
tem sido reportado em indivíduos sem perturbação são as alucinações auditivas verbais
(e.g., Daalman et al., 2011; Sommer et al., 2010). Vulgarmente descritas como “ouvir
vozes”, estas experiências ocorrem sem qualquer estimulação externa (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013). Embora existam vários modelos explicativos para a sua
origem, um dos mais relevantes é o que associa estas experiências a anomalias no
processamento da voz, particularmente da voz do próprio indivíduo (ver Conde,
Gonçalves, & Pinheiro, 2016a para uma revisão). Estudos com pacientes com
esquizofrenia, e que sofrem de alucinações auditivas, têm revelado que estes têm maior
dificuldade em reconhecer a sua própria voz quando ouvem excertos auditivos da
mesma, muitas vezes atribuindo-a a uma fonte externa (e.g., Allen et al., 2004; Johns et
al., 2001). Este viés externalizante parece ainda acentuar-se com a severidade das
alucinações destes pacientes, bem como quando o conteúdo dos excertos ouvidos é
negativo ou injurioso (Pinheiro, Rezaii, Rauber, & Niznikiewicz, 2016). Este é um
exemplo do tipo de anomalias de perceção de voz que requer estudos com amostras nãoclínicas
que reportem experiências alucinatórias semelhantes. É importante averiguar a
existência do mesmo tipo de alterações no processamento da voz destes sujeitos, de
forma a perceber se os mesmos mecanismos cognitivos e neurológicos lhes estão
subjacentes.
Ao estudar perceção de voz, devem ser tidos em conta não só diferentes níveis
de processamento, como também os diferentes tipos de informação contida nos
estímulos vocais (e.g., Belin, Fecteau, & Bédard, 2004; van Lancker & Kreiman, 1987).
Vários estudos com pacientes que sofreram lesões cerebrais sugerem que a
discriminação e o reconhecimento da identidade da voz podem ser vistos como dois
níveis de processamento distintos, podendo ser estudados em separado (e.g., van
Lancker & Kreiman, 1987; van Lancker, Kreiman & Cummings, 1989). A
discriminação de voz é maioritariamente feita com recurso às propriedades acústicas
dos estímulos vocais (processos mais bottom-up; e.g., Chhabra, Badcock, Maybery, &
Leung, 2014), enquanto que o reconhecimento envolve a integração de informação
específica sobre a identidade de quem produziu esses estímulos vocais, recrutando mais
recursos atencionais (processos mais top-down; e.g., Conde, Gonçalves, & Pinheiro,
2015; Sohoglu, Peelle, Carlyon, & Davis, 2012). No processamento da voz estão ainda
envolvidos diferentes tipos de informação linguística e paralinguística, que dizem
respeito ao discurso/conteúdo semântico, à identidade, e à emocionalidade (e.g., Belin et
al., 2004; Schirmer & Adolphs, 2017). O nosso estudo teve em conta todos estes
aspetos, estudando a perceção de voz de uma amostra não-clínica e composta por
participantes com níveis variados de predisposição para experiências alucinatórias.
Neste estudo participaram 32 indivíduos recrutados através das suas pontuações
(baixas, intermédias e altas) na Escala de Alucinações de Launay-Slade Revista
(adaptação portuguesa de Castiajo & Pinheiro, 2017; Larøi & van der Linden, 2005;
originalmente desenvolvida por Launay & Slade, 1981). Este é um instrumento que tem
sido usado previamente em estudos sobre a prevalência de experiências alucinatórias
nas populações clínica e não-clínica (e.g., Morrison et al., 2000; Serper, Dill, Chang,
Kot, & Elliot, 2005). Numa primeira sessão, os participantes gravaram excertos da sua
própria voz, que envolviam tanto palavras como vocalizações. Mais tarde, numa
segunda sessão, os participantes realizaram duas experiências comportamentais com
recurso a um computador. Na Experiência 1, foi pedido aos participantes que
discriminassem ou reconhecessem a identidade de excertos de voz, que incluíam a sua
própria voz e a voz de uma outra pessoa desconhecida. Nesta experiência, os
julgamentos eram feitos explicitamente sobre a identidade dos estímulos, com as
dimensões do discurso/conteúdo semântico e da emocionalidade dos estímulos a serem
analisadas de forma implícita. Na Experiência 2, foi pedido aos participantes que
avaliassem as propriedades emocionais dos estímulos apresentados. Nesta experiência,
os julgamentos eram feitos explicitamente sobre as propriedades emocionais dos
estímulos, com as dimensões do discurso/conteúdo semântico e da identidade dos
estímulos a serem analisadas de forma implícita.
No que diz respeito à primeira experiência (foco na identidade dos estímulos), os
nossos resultados apontam para diferenças nos processos de discriminação e
reconhecimento da identidade da voz, relacionadas com os diferentes tipos de
informação contida nos estímulos vocais. Na discriminação, os participantes
apresentaram melhor desempenho quando ouviam palavras, do que quando ouviam
vocalizações. Também apresentaram melhor desempenho quando os estímulos vocais
envolviam a sua própria voz e quando envolviam conteúdo positivo. Estas diferenças
não foram influenciadas pela variabilidade individual na predisposição para
experiências alucinatórias. Contudo, foram também encontradas diferenças nos
processos de reconhecimento da identidade da voz, essas sim influenciadas pela
variabilidade na predisposição para experiências alucinatórias da nossa amostra. Uma
análise de correlações subsequente revelou que, quanto maior a predisposição para
alucinações – particularmente, alucinações auditivas –, pior o desempenho no
reconhecimento de vocalizações positivas e produzidas pelo próprio indivíduo.
Finalmente, no que diz respeito à segunda experiência (foco nas propriedades
emocionais dos estímulos), os nossos resultados sugerem que existe uma tendência para
avaliar de forma mais extrema (mais positiva ou mais negativa) vocalizações que
envolvem a voz do próprio. Estas diferenças nos julgamentos dos participantes não
foram, contudo, influenciadas pela variabilidade individual na predisposição para
experiências alucinatórias.
Em suma, os nossos resultados têm implicações importantes para a discussão do
modelo do contínuo das experiências psicóticas (e.g., Badcock & Hugdahl, 2012; van
Os et al., 2009), particularmente no que diz respeito ao reconhecimento da identidade da
voz e ao conteúdo semântico ou não dos estímulos. Os resultados apontam para uma
associação entre o pior desempenho no reconhecimento de estímulos vocais produzidos
pelo próprio – particularmente vocalizações, sem conteúdo semântico – e uma maior
predisposição para alucinações. Isto vai ao encontro da observação prévia de défices nos
processos de reconhecimento em pacientes psicóticos (e.g., Allen et al., 2004; Johns et
al., 2001) e sugere que o reconhecimento da identidade da voz poderá ser um
mecanismo subjacente tanto em grupos clínicos, como não-clínicos, que experienciam
alucinações auditivas. Contudo, não foi encontrada uma associação entre a
predisposição para experiências alucinatórias e um pior reconhecimento de estímulos
com emocionalidade negativa, algo que foi previamente observado em estudos com
pacientes (Pinheiro et al., 2016). Ainda assim, isto está também em linha com evidência
prévia que sugere que a experiência de alucinações auditivas poderá estar mais
relacionada com o processamento das dimensões da identidade e do discurso/conteúdo
semântico, do que com o processamento da emocionalidade (ver Conde et al., 2016a
para uma revisão)
Geochemistry of granitic aplite-pegmatite sills and petrogenetic links with granites, Guarda-Belmonte area, central Portugal
Granitic amblygonite-subtype and lepidolite-subtype, aplite-pegmatite sills intruded a biotite>muscovite granite (G1). Two other biotite>muscovite granites (G2 and G3) and a muscovite>biotite granite (G4) crop out in the area. Variation diagrams for major and trace elements of the Variscan rocks show fractionation trends for a) G1 and G4; b) G2, G3 and aplite-pegmatite sills. The two series are confirmed by the two trends defined by major elements of primary muscovite. The sills also contain Li-bearing muscovite, which has higher Mn, Li, F and paragonite contents and lower AlVI content than primary muscovite from G2, G3 and sills. All sills have pure albite and P2O5 content of K-feldspar and plagioclase increases in the series G2, G3 and sills. Beryl occurs in all sills, but lepidolite and a nearly pure petalite only occur in lepidolite-subtype sills, which are the most evolved sills. Primary topaz and amblygonite have a similar composition in all sills. Aplite-pegmatite sills contain cassiterite, which shows sequences of alternating darker and lighter zones. The former are richer in (Nb + Ta + Fe + Mn) than the latter. Manganocolumbite is common in all sills, but ferrocolumbite only appears in amblygonite-subtype sills and manganotantalite in lepidolite-subtype sills. The sills richest in Li contain reversely-zoned crystals with a homogeneous microlite core and a heterogeneous uranmicrolite rim. Least squares analysis of major elements shows that granite G3 and amblygonite-subtype and lepidolite-subtype aplite-pegmatite sills can be derived from granite G2 magma by fractional crystallization of quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite and ilmenite. Modelling of trace elements shows good results for Sr, but magmatic fluids controlled the Rb and Ba contents of the aplite-pegmatite sills and probably also their Li, F, Sn and Ta contents and crystallization of lepidolite, cassiterite and Nb–Ta oxide mineral assemblage. Schorl from the lepidolite-subtype sills that cut granite G1 has higher Mg/(Mg + Fe) than schorl from metasomatised granite at sill walls and resulted from the mixing of magmatic fluids carrying B and some Fe with a meteoric fluid that has interacted with the host granite G1 and carried Fe and Mg. Schorl and dravite, respectively from metasomatised granite and micaschist at sill walls, were also formed from the mixing processes
Leadership behaviors impacting follower’s results
This study explores the concepts of Leadership Behavior and the impact on the followers. which
can generate engagement, commitments and organizational success. The purpose of the paper
is to discuss How Leadership Behavior impacts on follower’s results through implied motives how
communication about autonomy and responsibility leads to a better performance both personal
and organizational, from employees and also how communication can be performed by leaders
to be effective on the organizational success.
The research question is “How Leadership Behavior impacts on follower’s results through implied
motives? And it will lead us to test and validate the impact of communication on performance
through organizations structures.
Is necessary to gather the right people with certain behaviors and with the right information for
better decision making and consequently better and faster business results can be achieved.
Communication is the main factor for information to flow within the organization hierarchies or
teams and departments. Employees transform that information into knowledge, thus their
perception capacity and performance, being knowledge defined as “understood information” or
information as “organized facts”, applying it to their activities. In this context it’s possible to say
that knowledge workers and organizations are those, which use knowledge intensively
Reinforcing the main purpose of this research mentioning that "effective leadership is still largely
a matter of communication. An effective leader thinks about what he says, carefully working out
every expression of any significance". The central idea here is that for a system to have the
freedom to self-organize, it must have some degree of "space" or autonomy for the occurrence of
the relevant innovation. The idea of integrating the needs of individuals and organizations became
a powerful force. Alternatives to the bureaucratic organization have begun to emerge as the
research showed how bureaucratic structures, leadership styles and the general work of
organizations could be modified to create "richer" jobs and motivators that would encourage
people to exercise their capacities and creativity
This is a conceptual paper, which explores the concepts of communication, autonomy and
responsibility, framed by leadership models. The methodology used to was documentary
analysis, including papers from the main scientific databases: Scopus and WOS, using the
keywords communication, autonomy, responsibility and leadership. In the near future the field
methodology will be "Action Research” to study methods, contents and ways of communication
from leaders to their teams. The study is going to be performed during 2015/2016 in a specific
company environment, using several techniques to collect data: observation and the register of
evidences in loco.
Data collected will be analyzed and preliminary conclusions will lead to new researches and
analysis and a cycle will be done until the end of the study.
As expected results we hope to prove that Communication within organization hierarchies will
generate more autonomy and better performance from employees which will originate better
results from their tasks and thus more efficiency which in turn will lead to high organizational
performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
How is Trust affected by a Leader’s failure on his role?
This study explores the trust concept on leadership and how it can affect employee’s behavior. The purpose of
the paper is to discuss how leadership trust can be affected by a leader’s failure on his role.
The research question is "How is trust affected by a leader’s failure on his role?” And it will lead us to test and
validate the impact of leader’s trust on employee’s behavior and performance through organizations
structures.
In leadership, trust between superiors and followers plays a very important role. Since last decade, there has
been a considerable increase in researching trust at the organizational level. Researchers and practitioners
continue to recognize trust as an important factor in determining organizational success, organizational
stability and the well-being of employees. Trust has also emerged as a central construct in a wide range of
management studies including those focusing on performance.
This is a conceptual paper, which explores the concepts of trust, behavior and performance, framed by
leadership models. The literature review includes a documentary analysis of papers from the main scientific
databases: Scopus and WOS, using the keywords leadership, trust, behavior and performance.
As expected results we anticipate to confirm if leader’s trust within organization hierarchies will generate and
be a key factor on behavior and thus lead to better performance from employees which will originate better
results from their tasks and thus more efficiency which in turn will lead to high organizational performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
How Leadership Fosters Communication and Impacts Employees Responsibility and Autonomy
This study explores the communication, autonomy and responsibility concepts, which can generate organizational success. The purpose of the paper is to discuss how communication about autonomy and responsibility leads to a better performance both personal and organizational, from employees and also how communication can be performed by leaders to be effective on the organizational success. The research question is "How Leadership fosters Communication and impacts Employees Responsibility and Autonomy?" And it will lead us to test and validate the impact of communication on performance through organizations structures. Is necessary to gather the right people with certain behaviors and with the right information for better decision making and consequently better and faster business results can be achieved. Communication is the main factor for information to flow within the organization hierarchies or teams and departments. Employees transform that information into knowledge, thus their perception capacity and performance, being knowledge defined as "understood information" or information as "organized facts", applying it to their activities. In this context it's possible to say that knowledge workers and organizations are those, which use knowledge intensively Reinforcing the main purpose of this research mentioning that "effective leadership is still largely a matter of communication. An effective leader thinks about what he says, carefully working out every expression of any significance". The central idea here is that for a system to have the freedom to self-organize, it must have some degree of "space" or autonomy for the occurrence of the relevant innovation. The idea of integrating the needs of individuals and organizations became a powerful force. Alternatives to the bureaucratic organization have begun to emerge as the research showed how bureaucratic structures, leadership styles and the general work of organizations could be modified to create "richer" jobs and motivators that would encourage people to exercise their capacities and creativity This is a conceptual paper, which explores the concepts of communication, autonomy and responsibility, framed by leadership models. The methodology used to was documentary analysis, including papers from the main scientific databases: Scopus and WOS, using the keywords communication, autonomy, responsibility and leadership. In the near future the field methodology will be "Action Research" to study methods, contents and ways of communication from leaders to their teams. The study is going to be performed during 2015/2016 in a specific company environment, using several techniques to collect data: observation and the register of evidences in loco. Data collected will be analyzed and preliminary conclusions will lead to new researches and analysis and a cycle will be done until the end of the study. As expected results we hope to prove that Communication within organization hierarchies will generate more autonomy and better performance from employees which will originate better results from their tasks and thus more efficiency which in turn will lead to high organizational performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Private equity challenge field lab - a leveraged buyout of biotelemetry inc
This Investment Committee Paper was elaborated by agroup of students from the Master in Finance Program which is intended to beused for academic purposes only. It consist sonaproposal for raleveraged buy out on BioTelemetry Inc.,theleading US-based company focused on providing remote cardiac monitoring, centralized research services for clinical trials, remote glucose monitoring, and original equipment manufacturing. The group developed a value creation strategy and anoperating business model for the proposed investment, which was based on athorough market and company analysis, as well as on the company’s valuation. Subsequently ,the group suggested an optimal capital structure for the investment as well as arange of possible exit strategies
Motivation and physical fitness in old people participating in a hydro-gymnastics
Introduction: The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the motivations and the impact of the hydro-gymnastics in the physical fitness of old people involved in a 16 weeks exercise program. Methods: Participants were 83 old people doing a community hydro-gymnastics exercise program. Motivations were assessed using the Sport Activity Motivation Questionnaire and physical fitness was evaluated using the Functional Fitness Test battery, in two separate moments with a 16 weeks interval. The assumption of normality was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the group in different time moments. Results: Regarding motivations to hydro-gymnastics the items that scored higher were: “need to exercise”, “be with friends”, “make new friends” and “fun”. In terms of physical fitness variation, improvements in average were found in practically all fitness test between the 1st and 2nd evaluation, with significant statistical differences in 3 of the 5 tests applied. Conclusions: Old people´s major motives to participate in hydro-gymnastics are related to the motivational dimensions of physical fitness, general affiliation and pleasure. Additionally, hydro-gymnastics exercise programs have a positive impact to improve physical fitness in old people and play a determinant role on health promotion and successful aging.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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