PERANCANGAN FRAME UNTUK KENDARAAN ELEKTRIK ANGKUTAN KOTA

Konsep perencanaan desain angkot pada tugas akhir ini direncanakan untuk digunakan dalam beberapa tahun kedepan, Oleh karena itu angkot akan mengaplikasikan teknologi mobil listrik dengan pertimbangan kondisi polusi udara yang semakin tinggi dan mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar minyak. Teknologi mobil listrik dinilai cocok untuk diaplikasikan sebagai transportasi feeder yang beroperasi di daerah permukiman dikarenakan minim suara dan polusi. Desain angkot berorientasi pada kenyamanan dan ergonomi penumpang, dimana sasaran dari pengguna angkot adalah masyarakat, wisatawan serta para penyandang disabilitas. Angkot didesain senyaman mungkin dengan konsep lower deck dan memaksimalkan jumlah kapasitas penumpang, diantaranya menyediakan tempat penumpang duduk dan berdiri. Sistem pelayanan angkot mengaplikasikan sistem rapid transit, yaitu angkot memiliki jadwal dan rute yang pasti dan hanya berhenti untuk mengambil dan menurunkan penumpang di halte.Frame merupakan salah satu bagian penting pada kendaraan yang harus mempunyai kontruksi kuat untuk menahan atau memikul beban kendaraan. Semua beban dalam kendaraan baik itu penumpang, mesin, sistem kemudi, dan segala peralatan kenyamanan semuanya diletakan di atas frame. Oleh karena itu setiap kontruksi rangka harus mampu untuk menahan semua beban dari kendaran. Kata kunci: frame, kendaraan elektri

Probabilistic Disease Classification of Expression-Dependent Proteomic Data from Mass Spectrometry of Human Serum

We have developed an algorithm called Q5 for probabilistic classification of healthy vs. disease whole serum samples using mass spectrometry. The algorithm employs Principal Components Analysis (PCA) followed by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) on whole spectrum Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (SELDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) data, and is demonstrated on four real datasets from complete, complex SELDI spectra of human blood serum. Q5 is a closed-form, exact solution to the problem of classification of complete mass spectra of a complex protein mixture. Q5 employs a novel probabilistic classification algorithm built upon a dimension-reduced linear discriminant analysis. Our solution is computationally efficient; it is non-iterative and computes the optimal linear discriminant using closed-form equations. The optimal discriminant is computed and verified for datasets of complete, complex SELDI spectra of human blood serum. Replicate experiments of different training/testing splits of each dataset are employed to verify robustness of the algorithm. The probabilistic classification method achieves excellent performance. We achieve sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values above 97% on three ovarian cancer datasets and one prostate cancer dataset. The Q5 method outperforms previous full-spectrum complex sample spectral classification techniques, and can provide clues as to the molecular identities of differentially-expressed proteins and peptides

PENGARUH DAYA DUKUNG TANAH DALAM PENENTUAN PONDASI BORED PILE DAN PILE CAP PADA GEDUNG BERTINGKAT

In building design, the problem of soil investigation is to determine the property value and property engineering which determines the selection of the foundation type and its depth. Generally, soil investigations are carried out by means of sondir and drilling which are then calculated with a certain formula to determine the bearing capacity of the soil. The purpose of this study is to identify soil properties at the project site, evaluate the results of soil investigations, and bored pile foundation design. The research method is to collect data from reference sources that are directly related to designing, especially PT. Poladata Consultant Consultants, and direct surveys to the location through systematic stages. Results soil investigation, the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) soil test at the site location of the UGM Faculty of Law Building was carried out at 2 points (S-1 and S-2) which shows the groundwater level at an elevation of -4.00 m, and soil drilling or Standard Penetration Test (SPT) at a depth of -13.40 m, the value of qc conus resistance reaches> 600 kg / cm2. The carrying capacity of the bored pile from the SPT data uses the Reese & Wright method for the case study F1 foundation is installed with 4 bored piles diameter (d) = 0.8 m2, depth (L) = 23-28 m, carrying capacity (qp) = 272.328 T/m2, Safety Factor (SF) = 3, with a piece size of 3.6 m x 3.6 m thick 1.2 m with reinforcement D16-120 mm

Real-time PCR assays for detection and quantification of early P. falciparum gametocyte stages

Introduction The use of reverse transcription, quantitative qRT-PCR assays for detection and quantification of late gametocyte stages has revealed the high transmission capacity of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. A full understanding how the parasite adjusts its transmission in response to varying in-host environmental conditions during natural infections requires simultaneous quantification of early and late gametocytes. Here, we describe qRT-PCR assays that are specific for detection and quantification of early-stage gametocytes of P. falciparum. Methods The assays are based on expression of known early gametocyte genes (pfpeg4, pfg27, pfge1, pfge3 and pfgexp5). The specificity of the qRT-PCR assays was tested using purified stage II and stage V gametocytes. These validated assays were used with qRT-PCR assays targeting late stage (pfs25) and all-stage (pfs16) gametocyte-specific transcripts to quantify gametocytes in natural P. falciparum infections and in a controlled human clinical infection study. Results The relative expression of pfpeg4, pfg27 and pfge3, but not of pfge1 and pfgexp5, was significantly higher in purified stage II compared to stage V gametocytes, indicating early gametocyte specificity. In natural infections, 71.2% of individuals had both early and late gametocyte transcripts (pfpeg4/pfg27 plus pfs25), 12.6% harboured only early gametocytes transcripts (pfpeg4/pfg27), and 15.2% had only late gametocytes transcripts (pfs25). In natural infections, the limit of detection was equivalent to 190 and 390 gametocytes/mL blood for pfpeg4 and pfg27, respectively. In infected volunteers, transcripts of pfpeg4 and pfg27 were detected shortly after the onset of blood stage infection, demonstrating the specificity of the assays. Conclusion The pfpeg4 and pfg27 qRT-PCR assays can be used specifically to quantify circulating immature gametocytes. Quantification of early gametocytes will improve understanding of epidemiological processes that modulate P. falciparum transmission and enhance the evaluation of transmission blocking interventions

Signaling from the plasma-membrane localized plant immune receptor RPM1 requires self-association of the full-length protein

Pathogen recognition first occurs at the plasma membrane, where receptor-like kinases perceive pathogen-derived molecules and initiate immune responses. To abrogate this immune response, pathogens evolved effector proteins that act as virulence factors, often following delivery to the host cell. Plants evolved intracellular receptors, known as NOD-like receptors (NLRs), to detect effectors, thereby ensuring activation of effector-triggered immunity. However, despite their importance in immunity, the molecular mechanisms underlying effector recognition and subsequent immune activation by membrane-localized NLRs remain to be fully elucidated. Our analyses reveal the importance of and need for self-association and the coordinated interplay of specific domains and conserved residues for NLR activity. This could provide strategies for crop improvement, contributing to effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable solutions for future agriculture

Does Getting a Degree Pay

Since an increase in opportunities has resulted in the pool of degree holders in Singapore to significantly increase over the last few decades, a re-examination of the relationship between salary and highest education qualification is necessary. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether receiving a degree rather than gaining work experience leads to higher earnings during this degree inflation era. In 2022, this will be the first study in Singapore to examine a person\u27s wage in relation to their highest level of education. The existing literature tends to find higher returns for the university degree holders, although the impact of degrees varies depending on the university ranking and regions. We propose using both primary data collected through an online survey as well as secondary data obtained from data.gov, a government database, to conduct our studies. We will then use data analysis techniques like the T-Test, ANOVA, regression models, and correlation to examine the data. The preliminary data results revealed that a degree is still a crucial factor in Singaporeans earning more than their non-degree counterparts

TIR-only protein RBA1 recognizes a pathogen effector to regulate cell death in Arabidopsis

Multicellular organisms must have complex immune systems to detect and defeat pathogens. Plants rely on nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (NLR) intracellular receptors to detect pathogens. For hundreds of years, plant breeders have selected for disease-resistance traits derived from NLR genes. Despite the molecular cloning of the first NLRs more than 20 y ago, we still do not understand how these sensors function at a mechanistic level. Here, we identified a truncated NLR protein that activates cell death in response to a specific pathogen effector. Understanding how truncated NLRs function will provide a better mechanistic understanding of the plant immune system and an expanded toolkit with which to engineer disease resistance rationally in crops

Interleukin-11 Is the Dominant IL-6 Family Cytokine during Gastrointestinal Tumorigenesis and Can Be Targeted Therapeutically

SummaryAmong the cytokines linked to inflammation-associated cancer, interleukin (IL)-6 drives many of the cancer “hallmarks” through downstream activation of the gp130/STAT3 signaling pathway. However, we show that the related cytokine IL-11 has a stronger correlation with elevated STAT3 activation in human gastrointestinal cancers. Using genetic mouse models, we reveal that IL-11 has a more prominent role compared to IL-6 during the progression of sporadic and inflammation-associated colon and gastric cancers. Accordingly, in these models and in human tumor cell line xenograft models, pharmacologic inhibition of IL-11 signaling alleviated STAT3 activation, suppressed tumor cell proliferation, and reduced the invasive capacity and growth of tumors. Our results identify IL-11 signaling as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers

Pathogenic variants in SLF2 and SMC5 cause segmented chromosomes and mosaic variegated hyperploidy

Embryonic development is dictated by tight regulation of DNA replication, cell division and differentiation. Mutations in DNA repair and replication genes disrupt this equilibrium, giving rise to neurodevelopmental disease characterized by microcephaly, short stature and chromosomal breakage. Here, we identify biallelic variants in two components of the RAD18-SLF1/2-SMC5/6 genome stability pathway, SLF2 and SMC5, in 11 patients with microcephaly, short stature, cardiac abnormalities and anemia. Patient-derived cells exhibit a unique chromosomal instability phenotype consisting of segmented and dicentric chromosomes with mosaic variegated hyperploidy. To signify the importance of these segmented chromosomes, we have named this disorder Atelís (meaning - incomplete) Syndrome. Analysis of Atelís Syndrome cells reveals elevated levels of replication stress, partly due to a reduced ability to replicate through G-quadruplex DNA structures, and also loss of sister chromatid cohesion. Together, these data strengthen the functional link between SLF2 and the SMC5/6 complex, highlighting a distinct role for this pathway in maintaining genome stability

NusaCrowd: Open Source Initiative for Indonesian NLP Resources

We present NusaCrowd, a collaborative initiative to collect and unify existing resources for Indonesian languages, including opening access to previously non-public resources. Through this initiative, we have brought together 137 datasets and 118 standardized data loaders. The quality of the datasets has been assessed manually and automatically, and their value is demonstrated through multiple experiments. NusaCrowd's data collection enables the creation of the first zero-shot benchmarks for natural language understanding and generation in Indonesian and the local languages of Indonesia. Furthermore, NusaCrowd brings the creation of the first multilingual automatic speech recognition benchmark in Indonesian and the local languages of Indonesia. Our work strives to advance natural language processing (NLP) research for languages that are under-represented despite being widely spoken