Stimulation Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rat

Introduction: Recent studies exhibited that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) accelerates regeneration process of injured peripheral nerve tissue. The objective  of  this study  was investigat the effect of LLLT (780 nm) on regeneration of the injured right sciatic nerve of male Wistar rat.Methods: In this research work, the effect of LLLT (780nm) on the regeneration process and reconstruction of peripheral in injured right side sciatic nerve was investigated. Twelve adult male Wistar rats underwent surgery in aseptic condition under general anesthesia to induce a lesion to their right side sciatic nerve. Only the experimental group was treated by laser, before suturing the location. The damaged nerve was directly irradiated with (2J, 100 mW, 40 s). Irradiation procedure terminated on 21 days with little improvement (4 J, 200 mW, 40 s) across the skin surface of experimental group. Rats were selected randomly from each group to be sacrificed on different periods and histopathological examination was carried out on the extracted   nerves.Results:  Significant acceleration of revascularization and angiogenesis of the injury site was observed in the experimental group. Furthermore, a reduction of hemorrhages and increase in blood supply was observed. Also, Wallerian degeneration decreased while higher axonal density compared to the control rats was  observed. Moreover, the cross-section analysis of the injured area on the 14th and 21st days as  post-surgery showed that the nerve sheath diameter in the lesion area of the experimental group was reduced.  While the ratio between thicknesses increased in the control group.Conclusion: The current study suggests that laser phototherapy at 780 nm could accelerate the regeneration process of injured peripheral nerves tissue

Evaluation of Histopathological and Histomorphological Effects of Kombucha Extract (Camellia sinenesis) on Stomach Surgical Wound Healing in Adult Male Rat

Background & Objectives: Wounds healing especially as to surgical wounds is considered clinical problem. Kombucha is used as a food and adminstarted for wound healing. The aim of this study was to assess histopathological and histomorphometrical effect of Kombucha on surgical wound healing process in stomach of rat. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats with 10-week-old and weighted between 200-250 g were randomly divided into two groups (Control and Experimenral). After anesthesia, rats&rsquo; stomach was removed and a gastrotomy incision with the length of 1 cm was made in greater curvature, thereafter, sutured in 2 layers. Experimental group received Kombucha extract (1 ml/100gbw) and control group received normal saline (1 ml/100gbw) daily for 14 days through the gavage. In 3, 7 and 14 days after operation, five rats of each group were euthanized and stomach tissue specimens were collected for histopatholocical study by H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. Histopathological and histomorphometrical studies of wound healing among the groups were carried out considering more effective agents on wound healing including proliferation of fibroblasts, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and collagen organization in healing tissue. Results: The numbers of fibroblasts, capillary buds and organized collagen content in healing site of experimental group were significantly more than control group (p<0.05). The size of epithelial gap in experimental group was significantly lesser than control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, Kombucha extract possesses beneficial effects on healing of stomach surgical wounds in rats

Melatonin attenuates lung injury in a hind limb ischemiaâreperfusion rat model

Objective: This study evaluated the protective antioxidant effect of melatonin on lung injury as a remote organ after skeletal muscle ischemiaâreperfusion in rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into three experimental groups: operated with no ischemia (Sham) group, ischemiaâreperfusion group and ischemiaâreperfusion + melatonin group. Hind limb ischemia was induced by clamping the femoral artery. After 2 h ischemia, the clamp was removed and the animal underwent 24 h reperfusion. Rats in the ischemiaâreperfusion + melatonin group received melatonin (10 mg/kg i.v.), immediately before the clamp was removed. At the end of the trial, animals were euthanized and the lungs were removed for water content determination, histopathological and biochemical studies. Results: In the ischemiaâreperfusion + melatonin group, tissues showed less intense histological abnormalities such as neutrophilic infiltration, intra-alveolar hemorrhage and edema compared with the ischemiaâreperfusion group. Histopathologically, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the two groups. The lung water content in the ischemiaâreperfusion + melatonin group was significantly lower than the ischemiaâreperfusion group (P < 0.05). Lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and nitric oxide (NO) level were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by ischemiaâreperfusion. The increase in these parameters was reduced by melatonin.Comparing the ischemiaâreperfusion + melatonin group with the sham group, no significant increase in all analyzed aspects of the research was observed. Conclusions: These findings suggest that melatonin has preventive effects in lung tissue injury after transient femoral artery occlusion. Keywords: Melatonin, Ischemiaâreperfusion, Lung remote injury, Histopathology, Myeloperoxidase, Nitric oxid

Beneficial effect of pentoxifylline into the testis of rats in an experimental model of unilateral hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury

<title>ABSTRACT</title><sec><title>Objective</title><p>The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) on remote testicular injury caused by unilateral hind limb ischemia/reperfusion of rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Twenty healthy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into two groups: ischemia/reperfusion (IR group) and ischemia/reperfusion + pentoxifylline (IR+PTX group). Ischemia was induced by placement of a rubber tourniquet at the greater trochanter for 2h. Rats in IR+PTX group received PTX (40 mg/kg IP) before the reperfusion period. At 24h after reperfusion, testes were removed and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were determined in testicular tissues. Three rats of each group were used for wet/ dry weight ratio measurement. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically under light microscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Activities of SOD and CAT in testicular tissues were decreased by ischemia/ reperfusion (P<0.05). Significantly increased MDA levels in testicular tissues were decreased by PTX treatment (P<0.05). MPO activity in testicular tissues in the IR group was significantly higher than in the IR+PTX group (P<0.05). The wet/dry weight ratio of testicular tissues in the IR group was significantly higher than in the IR+PTX group (P<0.05). Histopathologically, there was a statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>According to histological and biochemical findings, we conclude that PTX has preventive effects in the testicular injury induced by hind limb ischemia/reperfusion.</p></sec