Interstitial ectopic pregnancy diagnosis by three-dimensional ultrasound and its laparoscopic management: A case report

Background: Interstitial Ectopic Pregnancy (IEP) is an uncommon type of ectopic pregnancy with the risk of rupturing and bleeding. The incidence of IEP is about 2-4% of all EPs. The diagnosis and management are challenging. We present a well-timed and managed case of IEP. Case: The case was a 37-yr-old woman presented at the Royan Institute with a chief complain of sudden onset of pelvic pain and moderate vaginal bleeding, three weeks after her positive pregnancy test. She had got pregnant with in-vitro fertilization procedure. She was admitted for a two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS). The 2DUS findings showed a gestational sac with live embryo and yolk sac which was located high in the fundus and eccentric to the endometrium. The suspicion of IEP rose after the 2DUS findings, the confirmation of further diagnosis was then done by three-dimensional ultrasound, and the treatment was done by laparoscopy. The patient underwent laparoscopic left corneal resection. She was discharged after two days and her β-hCG achieved complete resolution (< 5 mIU/mL) after two weeks’ follow-up. Conclusion: According to the life-threatening complications that are associated with IEP, acquaintance and suspicion about IEP is important. Specified information that obtained by three-dimensional ultrasound could be useful for exact locating and detection. Key words: Pregnancy, Ectopic, Diagnostic, Ultrasound, Laparoscopic assisted surgery

Genetic and morphological diversity in Chara vulgaris L. (Characeae)

Chara vulgaris L. (Characeae) is a highly polymorphic species that plays an important ecological role in aquatic ecosystems. It grows in different regions of Iran and forms several geographical populations. Genetic diversity studies are very limited in algal taxa of the country and there is no detailed information about the genetic diversity present in C. vulgaris. Therefore, the present investigation was performed to study the population structure of 89 plant specimen collected from 11 geographical populations of C. vulgaris in Iran. Genetic diversity parameters were determined in each population based on ISSR molecular markers. AMOVA test revealed significant genetic difference among the studied populations. Mantel test revealed significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance of the studied populations. However, STRUCTURE analysis revealed that some common ancestral alleles exist among these populations. ANOVA test revealed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters among the studied populations. UPGMA tree and PCoA plot revealed morphological variability of these populations as the members of each population were scattered in different groups. Therefore, in spite of genetic differences of the studied populations, they are not morphologically differentiated

Knowledge and practice of food handlers on food safety and health: A cross sectional study in one of Tehran’s districts

Background: The people involved in food preparation play a major role in contaminating it due to improper food handling. The goal of this study was to examine the knowledge and practice of food handlers in district two of Tehran.   Methods: A cross sectional descriptive- analytical study was designed and data were collected via questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaires were measured using Cronbach's alpha and Intra-class correlation obtained from test and re-test in an interval of 10 days. The reliability indices of the questionnaires were found to be above 70%, which were acceptable. The participants were selected by a simple random method (n=390). Correlation coefficient was used for analysis.   Results: The highest number of male participants, with diploma education belonged to the age group of 20 to 29 years old with a job experience of two to five years and more than 50% of them had passed the public health course. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and practice (P<0.001). In knowledge section 215 (55.3%) of respondents were at middle level. About the practice, although 195 (50%) of participants were placed at a good level, in some cases, such as how to find out the optimal temperature for cooking burgers and chicken, the right way to defrost food and the time needed to reheat the food were found lacking.    Conclusion: Knowledge and practice in food handlers must be improved specially about the importance and role of temperature in food safety

The major matters and events in creating and overcoming transition crises in the family life cycle

Background: This study aimed to investigate the major matters and events in overcoming transition crises in the family life cycle. Methods: This study is a qualitative approach and a grounded method. The statistical population included couples living in Karaj in 2020 that 80 of them were selected by purposeful sampling method. They were assigned to 20 people in each period. In the qualitative part, data analysis was performed based on grounded theory by performing three coding steps (open, axial and selective). To describe the data, the usual methods in descriptive and inferential statistics such as preparing frequency tables, calculating statistical indicators were used in SPSS software. Sequential strategy was used to combine quantitative and qualitative data. Results: 20 indicators and 5 components were identified. Economic and social areas such as the difficulty in dividing family responsibilities between spouses, economic and financial issues were some of the influential factors. Factors affecting family experiences such as social, religious and family factors had a great impact on the challenges of Iranian families. Conclusion: In the study population, lived experiences of identity in families located at different stages of the family life cycle can be considered as the concerns of families. It seems that the lived experience of individuals in families is affected by economic and social problems that have overshadowed their needs, such as coronary heart disease, family well-being, housing purchase, high cost of living, children's future and start-ups. Business

Experience of Mothers with Premature Infants in Neonatal

Introduction: Birth of a premature infant can have long-term effects on parents. In fact, the future relationship between parents and children can even be affected by this experience. This study aimed to explain the experience of mothers with premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Afzalipoor Hospital in Kerman, Iran. Method: In a qualitative study, purposive sampling method was used to select 10 mothers with premature infants who were hospitalized in the NICU for at least one week. Data was collected through semi-structured interview. The data was analyzed based on the content analysis. Results: The results of this study revealed three main themes including unfamiliar situation (including lack of knowledge about NICU and premature infants), need to be understood (needing to be advocated by their families, and needing to share experiences), loss of control on their neonate (limited participation in caring of neonate, and unpredictable situation of the neonate). Conclusion: The mothers participating in this research required adequate and correct knowledge about prematurity. The support that mothers receive from family and health care team members was unexpected for them and this issue concerns them about the neonate. Thus, the nurse's role in educating and supporting the mothers and providing them with correct care of newborns is essential Keywords: Experience of mothers, Premature neonate, Neonatal intensive care unit, Qualitativ

Educational Needs Assessment for General Practitioners in the Field of Neurological Diseases in the Regulatory Zone of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Background & Objective: Regarding the significance of neurological diseases, training general practitioners has a key role and they should be well-trained in diagnose and approaching different diseases in this field. We focused on educational needs assessment for general practitioners in the field of neurological diseases. Methods: All the general practitioners practicing in the regulatory zone of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, (urban and rural areas), who agreed to participate, were entered the study. 104 participants of the total of 170 general practitioners in this area completed a researcher-made questionnaire and mailed us. The questionnaire encompassed 54 neurological diseases, four paraclinical tests and 9 approaches for neurological signs and symptoms, as well as their practical framework, satisfaction from their education, and demographic and educational items. Results: In 47.9% of cases, educational expectations were at the level of screening and refer, in that 31.4%, at the level of diagnosis and treatment and in 18.8%, at the level of acquaintance and describing. The remainders (1.88%) were the cases with no need to know and unfamiliar ones. Statistically, screening and refer, just the diagnosis, and the treatment were the mentioned educational expectations, respectively. Most of general practitioners were not fully satisfied from their externship and internship educational programs. Conclusion: This study, in a more systematic way, outlines the general practitioner’s points of view and their tendency to intervene in the procedure of neurological managements which can also be of great use to any further modifications in medical training curricula. Absence of perfect satisfaction about educational programs shows us that we should change our educational methods to more practical and clinical forms. Key Words: Educational needs, Neurological diseases, General practitioner

Study of aqueous extract of three medicinal plants on cell membrane–permeabilizing and their surface properties

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of three medicinal plants, Artemisia dracunculus L, Cuminum cyminum L and Heracleum persicum Desf, which contain saponins on biological membrane. Also in this study, some of their physicochemical properties were studied. At the first step, the aqueous extract of the plants were prepared, using maceration and then the extracts were lyophilized. 0.2 ml of RBC was added to 0.2 ml of different concentrations of each extract in McIvan’s buffer, and then incubated in two different times and temperatures. The absorbance of the samples was determined by UV spectrophotometer. Among the three studied extracts, A. dracunculus L showed the highest hemolytic effect and the Heracleum persicum Desf showed the lowest one. The values of emulsification Index (E24) and foam formation activity (Fh) showed for each extract the properties of surface activity. Regarding the results of this study, when considering the health of consumer, the use of aqueous extract of H. persicum Desf, with low hemolytic effect is preferred in pharmaceutical preparation. But if the hemolytic effect were considered, the use of aqueous extract of A. dracunculus L, with great hemolythc effect in comparison to the two other extract, is preferred