Mapeo de los actores de la cadena bovina

Desde el inicio la ganadería ha sido una de las actividades económicas y sociales más importantes del sector agroalimentario argentino. La actividad ha evolucionado contribuyendo al desarrollo del país, sustentando las actividades regionales, generando empleo e insertándolo en el comercio internacional como proveedor de alimentos (Ponti, 2011). Las cadenas bovina, avícola y porcina combinadas generan cerca del 30% del valor bruto de producción de las cadenas agroalimentarias en Argentina, y aportan el 23% de su valor agregado. Presentes en las 23 provincias, emplean a más de 400 mil personas (Sigaudo y Terré, 2021). Es una de las cadenas más importante del país, por constituir una actividad generadora de valor agregado, demandante de mano de obra directa e indirecta y causante de ingresos de divisas al país a través de las exportaciones (Paollini et al, 2019). Este trabajo intenta mostrar una primera aproximación a caracterizar la importancia y composición del agronegocio bovino a nivel nacional y provincial, en lo que respecta al eslabón primario, industrial y comercialEEA OliverosFil: De Batista, Marianela. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Jankovic, Veronica Vanina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros. Agencia de Extensión Rural Casilda; ArgentinaFil: Letieri Farias, Mariela Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Estadística; ArgentinaFil: Mancini, Carina María. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Estadística; ArgentinaFil: Durán, Regina. Universidad Provincial del Sudoeste; Argentin

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Densitometric response in postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with strontium ranelate or denosumab

Tanto el ranelato de estroncio (RSr) como el denosumab (Dmab) son eficaces en el tratamiento de la osteoporosis (OP) posmenopáusica (PM). El efecto de cada fármaco por separado sobre la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) ha sido estudiado recientemente. Con ambas drogas se observó, al año de tratamiento, un aumento significativo de la DMO en columna lumbar (CL), cuello femoral (CF) y cadera total (CT). En este trabajo comparamos la respuesta densitométrica al año de tratamiento con una y otra droga. Utilizamos los registros de 425 pacientes PMOP tratadas con Dmab y 441 tratadas con RSr. En cada paciente analizamos el porcentaje de cambio; se clasificaron como respondedoras aquellas que mostraron un cambio ≥3%. Adicionalmente se comparó la respuesta en pacientes no previamente tratadas con bifosfonatos (BF-naïve) en comparación con pacientes que habían recibido previamente un BF. Al analizar el grupo completo para Dmab, el porcentaje de pacientes respondedoras fue de 68,4% en CL, 63,3% en CF y 49,3% en CT. Por otro lado, en el grupo de pacientes tratadas con RSr, el porcentaje de respondedoras (53,8% en CL, 40,0% en CF y 35,6% en CT) fue estadísticamente menor. Cuando comparamos la respuesta entre las pacientes BF-naïve que recibieron RSr o Dmab, el Dmab indujo mayor respuesta en CL y CF que el grupo RSr, sin diferencias en CT. Cuando se analizaron los subgrupos BF-previo, las tratadas con Dmab mostraron mayor respuesta en todas las regiones. Conclusión: en pacientes con OP-PM, el tratamiento con Dmab produjo mayores incrementos densitométricos que el RSr, siendo el porcentaje de pacientes respondedoras mayor con Dmab que con RSr.Both strontium ranelate (SrR) and denosumab (Dmab) are effective in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). The effect of each drug on bone mineral density (BMD) has been studied separately by us. With both treatments, there was a significant increase after one year of treatment at the lumbar spine (LS) and hip. In this paper we compared the densitometric response after one year of treatment with both drugs used separately. We used the clinical records of 425 PM patients treated with Dmab and 441 treated with SrR. For each patient we analyzed the percentage of change; those who showed a change ≥3% were classified asresponders. Additionally, the response was compared in patients not previously treated with bisphosphonates (BP-naïve) compared to patients who had previously received a BP. When analyzing the complete group for Dmab, the percentage of “responders” was 65.2% at the LS, 62.9% at the femoral neck (FN) and 47.4% at the total hip (TH). On the other hand, in the group of patients treated with SrR the percentage of responders (53.8% at the LS, 40.0% at the FN and 35.6% at the TH) was statistically lower. When comparing the response between in BF-naïve patients receiving RSr or Dmab, Dmab induced a greater response at the LS and FN than the RSr group, with no statistical differences at the TH. When the subgroups with prior BP treatment were analyzed, those treated with Dmab showed greater response in all regions. Conclusion: in patients with PMOP treatment with Dmab produced greater densitometric increments than SrR, and the percentage of responnders was higher with Dmab than with SrR.Fil: Sánchez, Ariel. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Centro de Endocrinología SRL; ArgentinaFil: Brun, Lucas Ricardo Martín. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Salerni, Helena. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Consultorios de Investigación Clínica Endocrinológica y del Metabolismo Óseo; ArgentinaFil: Costanzo Caso, Pablo Alejandro. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Consultorios de Investigación Clínica Endocrinológica y del Metabolismo Óseo; ArgentinaFil: Maffei, Ana Laura. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Consultorios Asociados de Endocrinología Dra. Laura Maffei; ArgentinaFil: Pemrou, Valeria. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Consultorios Asociados de Endocrinología Dra. Laura Maffei; ArgentinaFil: Sarli, Marcelo A.. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. IInstituto de Investigaciones Metabólicas; ArgentinaFil: Rey, Paula. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. IInstituto de Investigaciones Metabólicas; ArgentinaFil: Larraoudé, María Silvia. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Hospital Milstein; ArgentinaFil: Brance, María Lorena. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Laboratorio de Biología Ósea; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Galich, Ana María. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Diana. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Mautalen Salud e Investigación; ArgentinaFil: Bagur, Alicia Cristina. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Mautalen Salud e Investigación; ArgentinaFil: Oliveri, María Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentina. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; ArgentinaFil: Vega, Eduardo. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Cesan; Argentina. Instituto de la Mujer; ArgentinaFil: Zanchetta, María B.. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. IInstituto de Investigaciones Metabólicas; ArgentinaFil: Farias, Vanina. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. IInstituto de Investigaciones Metabólicas; ArgentinaFil: Manzur, José L.. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Centro de Endocrinología y Osteoporosis; ArgentinaFil: Moggia, María S.. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Centro Tiempo; ArgentinaFil: Ulla, María R.. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Centro de Endocrinología y Osteopatías Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Pavlove, María M.. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand.; ArgentinaFil: Karlsbrum, Silvia. Hospital Durand; Argentina. Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis; ArgentinaFil: Grupo Argentino de Estudio de la Osteoporosis. No especifíca

La generación de residuos y su vínculo con los factores socioeconómicos en la Provincia de Buenos Aires

Los residuos sólidos urbanos constituyen un problema tanto para las grandes ciudades cómo para aque- llos municipios más pequeños, siendo necesaria la planificación eficiente de su deposición. Para ello, se requiere conocer las características y los aspectos socioeconómicos de la población, ya que estas varia- bles tienen injerencia en la generación de residuos. Asimismo, en cada jurisdicción y dependiendo de sus características, la incidencia de estas variables puede ser diferente. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar la incidencia de las variables socioeconómicas de la población de los partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires, con el objetivo de identificar aquellas de mayor incidencia. El fin último es que se conviertan en instrumentos para definir las metas de una gestión sostenible que cada uno. La presentación de una perspectiva de gestión de residuos que no sólo abarque la cuestión económica y técnica en la etapa de transporte y disposición final, sino que considere las primeras etapas de la gene- ración como un componente fundamental en dicho abordaje, se enfrentó con dos problemáticas princi- pales: por un lado, la escasa disponibilidad de datos estadísticos, y por el otro, el sesgo técnico y/o económico de los trabajos de investigación existentes. En función a ello, se definieron las variables socioeconómicas de relevancia y con información disponible, y se construyó la ecuación que permitió, a partir de una regresión múltiple, analizar la relación entre dichas variables y la tasa de generación de residuos de los municipios de la provincia de Buenos Aires. El resultado arroja que las variables pro- ducto bruto geográfico, tasa de actividad, densidad poblacional, población urbana y necesidades bási- cas insatisfechas son las más relevantes en la generación de residuos. A partir de este trabajo se ha generado información de relevancia para mejorar la toma de decisiones en la gestión de residuos en cada uno de los municipios

De los esquemas de acción a los esquemas de institucionalización: el caso de los formatos de distribución de objetos colectivos en el contexto escolar del nivel inicial From practical to institutional schemata: the case of the distribution formats of collective objects in the preschool context

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir ciertas rutinas escolares del nivel inicial, a los efectos de evaluar su función en el desarrollo psicocognitivo. Se analiza un esquema de acción al que denominamos esquema de distribución racionalmente justificada de objetos colectivos. Por éstos se entiende aquellas rutinas en que las actividades se asientan en la «introducción, asignación, intercambio, empleo y restitución» de objetos comunes, conforme a reglas explicitadas. El material empírico se relevó a través de observación no participantes en Salas de 2, 3, 4/5 años de Jardines de Infantes de la provincia de Buenos Aires. El estudio es exploratorio descriptivo y se propone identificar y discutir las categorías que caracterizan a los componentes de ese esquema de distribución. Se identifican cuatro grandes fases como invariantes subyacentes a la variedad de experiencias en las que se presentan las ocurrencias de esquemas de distribución. Se analizan las características de cada una de ellas y se evalúa su posible función en el desarrollo cognitivo (abstracción reflexiva, fundamentación racionalizadora y objetivación de normas y reglas).<br>The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the characteristics of the scholar institution of initial level in pursue to assess its function in psycho-cognitive development. An action scheme, characteristic of the scholar environment, which we have denominated rationally justified distribution of collective objects schemata is analyzed. That is, those routines in which the development of the activity is based on the assignation of common objects. The empirical material was obtained throughout the non-participant observation in classes of 2 and 3 years old in a kindergarten of the province of Buenos Aires. The study is descriptive exploratory and proposes itself to identify and discuss the categories that characterize the components of the described scheme. Four mayor phases have been identified as invariants that underlay the diverse experiences in which this distribution scheme actualizes. The characteristics of each of those phases are analyzed and, its possible function in cognitive development, assessed (reflexive abstraction, rationalized justification and norms and rules objectification)

Effect of Teriparatide on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Real-Life: Argentine Experience

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of teriparatide (TPTD) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers under clinical practice conditions. To assess whether the results in real-life match those published in clinical trials. Methods. Cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women treated with TPTD for at least 12 months. Results. 264 patients were included in the study. Main characteristics are as follows: age: 68.7 ± 10.2 years, previous fractures: 57.6%, and previously treated with antiresorptive (AR-prior): 79%. All bone turnover markers studied significantly increased after 6 months. CTX and BGP remained high up to 24 months, but total and bone alkaline phosphatase returned to basal values at month 18. There was a significant increase in lumbar spine (LS) BMD after 6 months (+6.2%), with a maximum peak at 24 months (+13%). Femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) BMD showed a significant increase later than LS (just at month 12), reaching a maximum peak at month 24 (FN + 7.9% and TH + 5.5%). A significant increase in LS BMD was found from month 6 to month 24 compared to basal in both AR-naïve, and AR-prior patients (+16.7% and +10.5%, respectively), without significant differences between the two groups. Comparable results were found in FN and TH BMD. Main conclusions. As reported in real-life clinical studies, treatment of osteoporotic postmenopausal women with TPTD induced a significant increase in bone turnover markers from month 6 onward and an increase in BMD from months 6–12 with continuous gain up to month 24. The real-life results of our study matched the results of randomized clinical trials. In addition, TPTD induced an increase in BMD, regardless of the previous use of AR

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora