Ação fototóxica do laser em baixa intensidade e diodo de emissão de luz (LED) na viabilidade do fungo Trichophyton rubrum: estudo "in vitro

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-11T10:06:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_final_pedf_jc2.pdf: 3164304 bytes, checksum: 5f98752a6c1e36f993f12ce2f5081e45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 4O efeito do laser em baixa intensidade emitindo no vermelho do espectro eletromagnetico com comprimento de onda de 660nm, 100mW de potencia media de saida e tempo de 3 minutos foi comparado com LED em baixa intensidade emitindo no vermelho com comprimento de onda de 630nm, 100mW de potencia media de saida e tempo de 3 minutos, associado ao fotossensibilizador Azul de Toluidina com umaconcentracao de 25Êg/mL em uma amostra do fungo Trichophyton rubrum sendo realizado em triplicata. As espectroscopias do corante azul de toluidina (TBO), do fungo Trichophyton rubrum, assim como o calculo do volume e da area de suspensao do inoculo associado ao fotossensibilizador e irradiada pelo laser e LED nos tubos deensaio foram analisados. O corante TBO (25Êg/mL) foi o escolhido devido a sua ressonancia com os comprimentos de onda do laser e LED e por ser bem absorvido pelas celulas fungicas mostrando-se promissor para sua utilizacao gin vivo h. Foi obtido um volume final de suspensao de 1000ÊL sendo analisados seis grupos: grupo 1(controle de crescimento sem tratamento), grupo 2 (suspensao do inoculo submetida a irradiacao com LED), grupo 3 (suspensao do inoculo submetida a irradiacao com laser), grupo 4 (100 ÊL de TBO acrescentados a 900 ÊL do inoculo), grupo 5 (100 ÊL de TBO foram acrescentados a 900 ÊL do inoculo e realizada irradiacao com LED) egrupo 6 (100 ÊL de TBO foram acrescentados a 900 ÊL do inoculo e realizada irradiacao com laser). Com excecao do grupo 1, todos os outros grupos foram irradiados por tres minutos sendo para os grupos 4, 5 e 6, estabelecido o tempo de preirradiacao (TPI) de 5 minutos para absorcao do corante pelas celulas fungicas. Os resultados mostraram diferencas significativas entre os grupos 5 e 6 (PDT) com reducaode 68,1% e 56% respectivamente, quanto ao numero de colonias viaveis sendo que o LED por apresentar uma divergencia maior que a luz laser, abrangeu um volume maior de suspensao do inoculo mostrando-se mais eficiente na sua acao fototoxica.Trichophyton rubrum is the most common micro-organism infecting fungal dermatological lesions. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of low intensity light source (in the red band of the electromagnetic spectrum) on Trichophyton rubrum sample associated to a photosensitizer (Toluidine Blue). Two light sources were employed in the tests: diode laser (660 nm, power output of 100 mW, exposition time of3 minutes) and LED (630 nm, power output of 100 mW, exposition time of 3 minutes). Toluidine Blue (TBO) was chosen due to its optical (maximal absorption in the wavelengths of the laser and the LED sources) and biochemical (well absorbed by fungi cells) properties. Trichophyton rubrum were suspended in a standard solution and six test groups were prepared with a final suspension volume of 1000 L. Group 1: growthcontrol without treatment; Group 2: inoculum suspension exposed to LED irradiation; Group 3: inoculum suspension exposed to laser irradiation; Group 4: 100 L of TBO added to 900 L of inoculum; Group 5: 100 L of TBO added to 900 L of inoculum and exposed to LED irradiation; Group 6: 100 L of TBO added to 900 L of inoculum and exposed to laser irradiation. The irradiation time was 3 minutes for Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. For Groups 5 and 6 it was observed 5 minutes of pre-irradiation time (PIT) after the introduction of TBO and before irradiation. The results exhibited significant differences between Groups 5 and 6 with 68.1% and 56% reduction, respectively, regarding the number of viable colonies. LED source generates a non-coherent light beam, presenting bigger divergence if compared to the laser beam. As consequence, it encompassed a bigger volume of inoculum suspension, bringing, by this way, its phototoxic action to a bigger number of cells

Ex Vivo Assessment of Photodynamic Therapy in Achieving Microbial Reduction

The study was to assess the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on root canals contaminated by Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). PDT was performed with 0.005% methylene blue dye and with a low-intensity red emission laser. Microbiological samples were collected before, immediately and 72 hours after instrumentation. Although PDT performed with the chosen light parameters promoted additional microbial reduction, this therapy did not achieve a statistically significant reduction of E. faecalis

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Background: We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods: The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results: Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60 years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions: Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death. The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death

Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 in adults hospitalized in high-income countries compared with those in adults hospitalized in low- and middle-income countries in an international registry

Background: COVID-19 has been associated with a broad range of thromboembolic, ischemic, and hemorrhagic complications (coagulopathy complications). Most studies have focused on patients with severe disease from high-income countries (HICs). Objectives: The main aims were to compare the frequency of coagulopathy complications in developing countries (low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]) with those in HICs, delineate the frequency across a range of treatment levels, and determine associations with in-hospital mortality. Methods: Adult patients enrolled in an observational, multinational registry, the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections COVID-19 study, between January 1, 2020, and September 15, 2021, met inclusion criteria, including admission to a hospital for laboratory-confirmed, acute COVID-19 and data on complications and survival. The advanced-treatment cohort received care, such as admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or inotropes or vasopressors; the basic-treatment cohort did not receive any of these interventions. Results: The study population included 495,682 patients from 52 countries, with 63% from LMICs and 85% in the basic treatment cohort. The frequency of coagulopathy complications was higher in HICs (0.76%-3.4%) than in LMICs (0.09%-1.22%). Complications were more frequent in the advanced-treatment cohort than in the basic-treatment cohort. Coagulopathy complications were associated with increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52-1.64). The increased mortality associated with these complications was higher in LMICs (58.5%) than in HICs (35.4%). After controlling for coagulopathy complications, treatment intensity, and multiple other factors, the mortality was higher among patients in LMICs than among patients in HICs (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39-1.51). Conclusion: In a large, international registry of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, coagulopathy complications were more frequent in HICs than in LMICs (developing countries). Increased mortality associated with coagulopathy complications was of a greater magnitude among patients in LMICs. Additional research is needed regarding timely diagnosis of and intervention for coagulation derangements associated with COVID-19, particularly for limited-resource settings

The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC

International audienc

Association of Country Income Level With the Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients Hospitalized With Acute Kidney Injury and COVID-19

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been identified as one of the most common and significant problems in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. However, studies examining the relationship between COVID-19 and AKI in low- and low-middle income countries (LLMIC) are lacking. Given that AKI is known to carry a higher mortality rate in these countries, it is important to understand differences in this population. Methods: This prospective, observational study examines the AKI incidence and characteristics of 32,210 patients with COVID-19 from 49 countries across all income levels who were admitted to an intensive care unit during their hospital stay. Results: Among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit, AKI incidence was highest in patients in LLMIC, followed by patients in upper-middle income countries (UMIC) and high-income countries (HIC) (53%, 38%, and 30%, respectively), whereas dialysis rates were lowest among patients with AKI from LLMIC and highest among those from HIC (27% vs. 45%). Patients with AKI in LLMIC had the largest proportion of community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) and highest rate of in-hospital death (79% vs. 54% in HIC and 66% in UMIC). The association between AKI, being from LLMIC and in-hospital death persisted even after adjusting for disease severity. Conclusions: AKI is a particularly devastating complication of COVID-19 among patients from poorer nations where the gaps in accessibility and quality of healthcare delivery have a major impact on patient outcomes

ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use