Associação entre os componentes da síndrome metabólica e indicadores antropométricos e de composição corporal em adolescentes

Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre os componentes da síndrome metabólica (SM) e as medidas antropométricas e de composição corporal em adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 396 adolescentes, com média de 17,4 ± 1,2 anos. Avaliou-se peso, estatura, perímetro de cintura (PC), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), dosagens de lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), triglicerídeos (TG), glicemia de jejum e pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD). Calculou-se o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), que classificou-se segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, e o %GC segundo Lohman. Utilizaram-se o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, o teste t de Student e Mann-Whitney, correlações de Pearson e de Spearman e regressão logística simples e múltipla. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Instituição. Do total de adolescentes, 19,2% apresentaram excesso de peso e 46,7% excesso de GC; desses 62,2% eram eutróficos pelo IMC/idade. A prevalência de SM foi de 1%, e 42,4% apresentaram inadequação de pelo menos um componente da SM. Os com excesso de peso ou de gordura corporal apresentaram maiores valores de IMC, %GC, PC e TG (p<0,05). Encontraram-se menores valores de HDL e maiores de PAS no grupo com excesso de peso, e maiores de PAD no grupo com %GC elevado (p<0,05). O aumento do IMC, %GC e PC ampliaram as chances de alterações nos níveis de TG e pressão arterial, quando ajustados por sexo (p<0,05). Adolescentes com excesso de peso ou de gordura corporal possuem maiores chances de apresentarem alterações nos componentes da SM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and anthropometric and body composition measures in adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study, involving 396 adolescents, who were 17.4 ± 1.2 years old on average. We measured weight, height, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (%BF), high density lipoprotein dosage (HDL), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (FG) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure levels. We calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI) and classified it according to the World Health Organization. The %BF was classified according to Lohman. We used  Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student t test and Mann-Whitney tests, Pearson and Spearman correlations and simple and multiple logistic regressions. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Institution. We found that 19.2% of the adolescents were overweight and had 46.7% BF excess; 62.2% of these last ones were eutrophic by BMI/age. The prevalence of MetS was of 1% and 42.4% were inadequate to at least one point. This was a cross-sectional study, involving 396 adolescents, who were 17.4 ± 1.2 years old on average. The ones overweight or with body fat excess showed higher values of BMI, %BF, WC and TG (p<0.05). We found lower values of HDL and higher values of SBP in the overweight group and higher values of DBP in the group with high %BF (p<0.05). The rise in BMI, %BF and WC increases the chances of variations in the levels of TG and arterial pressure, once adjusted by sex (p<0.05). Overweight adolescents or the ones with body fat excess had higher chances of presenting alterations in MetS components

Polycystic ovary syndrome and intervening factors in adolescents from 15 to 18 years old

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the factors related to the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, with female adolescents from 15 to 18 years old, divided into: group 1 (with a medical diagnosis of PCOS) and group 2 (not diagnosed with PCOS). The height-for-age index and the body mass index were used for classifying the nutritional status, and a semi-structured questionnaire was applied. The Mann-Whitney test, Fisher's exact test, Spearman correlation coefficients, and logistic regression were used.ResultsThis study evaluated 485 adolescents with an average age of 16.3±0.9 years old. The prevalence of PCOS was 6.2%. No difference was found between the groups regarding anthropometric parameters and period of contraceptive use; however, there were differences regarding the age at menarche (p<0.004). Older age at menarche was a protection factor against the syndrome.ConclusionAn association was found between younger age at menarche and the development of the PCOS in adolescents

Hormonal status related to cardiomathabolic markers: comparative study between the three adolescence stages

A adolescência é o período de transição da infância para a idade adulta e de acordo com as modificações físicas e psicológicas, pode ser dividida em três fases distintas: inicial (10 a 13 anos); intermediária (14 a 16 anos) e tardia (17 a 19 anos). O excesso de adiposidade e a resistência insulínica estão associados a alterações endócrinas e ao perfil inflamatório e trombogênico, podendo aumentar o risco cardiometabólico em adolescentes. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar a relação dos níveis hormonais com os fatores de risco cardiometabólico, considerando as três fases da adolescência. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, de corte transversal, realizado com adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, de ambos os sexos, estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas, das áreas urbana e rural, do município de Viçosa-Minas Gerais. Os adolescentes foram selecionados por amostragem aleatória simples, considerando o sexo, a fase da adolescência e os critérios de inclusão do estudo. Aferiu-se o peso e a estatura, classificou o estado nutricional utilizando-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC)/idade, conforme proposto pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. O percentual de gordura corporal foi estimado utilizando bioimpedância elétrica tetrapolar vertical com oito eletrodos táteis e classificado segundo Lohman. Aferiu-se os perímetros da cintura (PC) e do quadril (PQ) e calculou-se as relações cintura-estatura (RCE) e cintura-quadril (RCQ). Realizou-se dosagens do perfil lipídico, glicemia de jejum, insulina, ácido úrico, proteína C reativa ultrassensível (PCR-us), testosterona total (TT), globulina ligadora de hormônios sexuais (SHBG), hormônio do crescimento (GH) e fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina I (IGF-I). Calculou-se o Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) e aferiu-se a pressão arterial. Quantificou-se a expressão do ácido ribonucleico-mensageiro (mRNA) do inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio 1 (PAI-1) pela técnica Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Utilizou-se os programas estatísticos SPSS for Windows®, versão 17.0, STATA®, versão 11.0 e SigmaPlot® for Windows, versão 11.0 para realizar análises descritivas, bivariadas e multivaridas dos dados, considerando nível de significância α = 0,05. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Instituição (no170/2012). Todos os voluntários (n = 800) participaram das avaliações antropométrica, bioquímica e clínica. Do total, realizou-se a dosagem hormonal de 372 indivíduos e investigou-se a expressão do mRNA do PAI-1 de 397 adolescentes. Considerando o total de participantes (n = 800), 53,2% eram do sexo feminino; 78,7% apresentaram alterações no colesterol total e suas frações e 10,8% resistência insulínica. De acordo com os resultados das curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve), o PC, PQ, RCQ e RCE foram capazes de predizer alterações, principalmente, nos níveis de triglicerídeos, insulina e HOMA- IR, nas três fases e na adolescência de modo geral (p < 0,05). Nas análises de Poisson com variância robusta, adolescentes com altos valores para as medidas e índices de localização da gordura corporal (≥ percentil 75) apresentaram maiores prevalências de alterações dos componentes da síndrome metabólica, independente do modelo de ajuste. Na análise de regressão linear múltipla em que se investigou as variáveis relacionadas à expressão do mRNA do PAI-1, encontrou-se relação positiva desse biomarcador com as fases da adolescência e relação inversa com a pressão arterial diastólica. De acordo com a análise fatorial, identificou-se quatro fatores, sendo estes relacionados à composição corporal, metabolismo glicídico, pressão arterial e dislipidemia/ eventos aterotrombóticos, os quais explicaram em torno de 70% da variância total dos dados, em cada fase da adolescência. Conforme as análises de regressão linear múltiplas, independente do ajuste, a SHBG se relacionou de forma inversa com três fatores, em ambos os sexos, principalmente, nas duas primeiras fases (p < 0,05); a TT se associou positivamente com o fator “pressão arterial”, na fase inicial, no sexo feminino, e negativamente, no masculino, com o fator “composição corporal”, nas fases inicial e intermediária, e com o fator “dislipidemia/ eventos aterotrombóticos”, na fase final (p < 0,05); o GH se relacionou de forma negativa com os fatores “composição corporal” e “dislipidemia”, em meninos, nas fases inicial e intermediária, respectivamente (p < 0,05); e o IGF-1 positivamente com o fator “metabolismo glicídico”, na fase final (p < 0,05). Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que as concentrações de TT, SHBG, GH e IGF-I podem influenciar, positiva ou negativamente, no perfil metabólico dos adolescentes, porém ressalta-se que a maioria destas alterações está relacionada ao excesso de peso ou de gordura corporal, notadamente ao aumento da gordura abdominal, sendo esses os principais fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares nesta fase da vida.Adolescence is the transition period from childhood to adulthood and regarding psychological and physical changes it can be divided into three distinct phases: early (10 to 13 years old); intermediate (14 to 16 years old) and late (17 to 18 years old). The adiposity excess and the insulin resistance are associated to endocrinal and inflammatory and trombogenic profile alterations, what could lead to a raise in cardiomethabolic risk in adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of hormonal levels with cardiomethabolic risk factors, considering the three stages of adolescence. It is a epidemiologic study, cross-seccional, performed with adolescents 10 to 19 years old, both sex, from public and private schools, from urban and rural areas of Viçosa-Minas Gerais. The adolescents were chosen by simple random sampling, considering sex, adolescence stage and the inclusion criteria from the study. It was measured weight and height, and the nutritional status was classified by the BMI/age index, according to World Health Organization. The percentage of body fat was estimated by tetrapolar vertical electrical bioimpedance analysis using eight point tactile electrodes and rated following Lohman. It was measured the waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC) and it was calculated the waist-height (WHtR) and the waist-hip ratio (WHR). It was performed lipid profile dosage, fasting glucose, insulin, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total testosterone (TT), sex hormone- binding globulin (SHBG), growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF- I). It was measured Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and assessed blood pressure. The expression of the messenger-ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of the type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) was quantified by the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. It was used the statistical software SPSS for Windows®, version 17.0, STATA®, version 11.0 e SigmaPlot® for Windows, version 11.0 to perform the descriptive, bivariate and multiple data analysis, considering the significance level α = 0.05. The study was approved by the institution’s Ethics Committee for Research with Human Beings (No170/2012). All volunteers (n = 800) took part in the anthropometric, biochemical and clinic evaluations. From the total, it was performed hormonal dosage of 372 and assessed the expression of the mRNA of PAI-1 from 397 individuals. Considering all participants (n = 800), 53.2% were from feminine sex; 78.7% presented changes in total cholesterol and their fraction and 10.8% showed insulin resistance. According to the result from ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve), the WC, HC, WHR and WHtR were capable of predicting changes, specially, in the levels of triglycerides, insulin and HOMA-IR, in the three adolescence stages (p < 0,05). For the Poisson analysis, adolescents with high values for measures and indexes of abdominal fat (≥ percentile 75) presented highest prevalence of the components of metabolic syndrome, regardless the model specified. In the multiple regression analysis that was studied the variables related to the expression of mRNA of PAI-1, it was found positive relationship of this marker with the adolescence stages and inverse relation with diastolic blood pressure. According to the factor analysis it was identified four factors, being these related to body composition, glicidic methabolism, dyslipidemia/ aterotrombotic events and blood pressure, which explained around 70% of all data variance, in each stage of adolescence. By the multiple linear regression analysis, regardless controls, the SHBG was associated inversely with three factors, for both sex, mainly, in the first two stages (p < 0.05); the TT associated positively with the factor “blood pressure”, in the early stage for females, and negatively, with the factor “body composition”, in the early and intermediate stages, and with the “dyslipidemia/ aterotrombotic events” in the late stage for males (p < 0.05); the GH presented inverse relation with factors “body composition” and “dyslipidemia/ aterotrombotic events” in boys, in the early and intermediate stages, respectively (p < 0.05); and the IGF-I presented direct relation with the factor “glicidic methabolism”, in the late stage (p < 0.05). Considering the results, it can be concluded that the concentration of TT, SHBG, GH and IGF-I can influence, positively or negatively, the metabolic profile of adolescents. Nevertheless, it has to be highlighted that the majority of those changes are associated with weight excess or body fat, especially the increase in abdominal fat, being those the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease at this stage of life.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Corporal Body fat equations capability, in adolescents, related to biochemical and clinic markers and cardiovascular risk, Viçosa-MG

A identificação de métodos precisos e adequados para predizerem a gordura corporal é necessária na avaliação do estado nutricional, também na adolescência, evitando que efeitos nocivos à saúde persistam na idade adulta. A identificação de equações de composição corporal, cujos resultados se relacionem com os fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes torna-se relevante, uma vez que indivíduos com alto percentual de gordura corporal, em geral, apresentam componentes da síndrome metabólica. Objetivou-se verificar a capacidade de equações de gordura corporal em predizer alterações nos parâmetros bioquímicos e clínico de risco cardiovascular, em adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 15 a 18 anos. Os adolescentes foram selecionados por meio de amostragem aleatória simples, considerando o critério de inclusão: presença de menarca a pelo menos um ano (sexo feminino) e de pelos axilares (sexo masculino); não ter participado de estudos/consultas de nutrição nos últimos 6 meses; apresentar Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC)/idade &#8804; percentil 25 e IMC/idade &#8805; percentil 75 ou IMC/idade &#8805; percentil 85. De acordo com a classificação do estado nutricional agrupou-se em grupo 1 (G1) (n=140): eutróficos e grupo 2 (G2) (n=70): com excesso de peso. Aferiu-se peso, altura, perímetro braquial e pregas cutâneas. O percentual de gordura corporal foi estimado por 10 equações antropométricas e pelos equipamentos de bioimpedâncias elétricas tetra polar horizontal e vertical com oito eletrodos táteis, sendo o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) classificado, segundo Lohman. Realizou-se dosagens séricas de colesterol total (CT), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL), lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), triglicerídeos (TG), ácido úrico, insulina, glicemia de jejum, calculou-se o Homeostasis Model Assessment -Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), aferiu-se a pressão arterial e avaliou-se o nível de atividade física. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisas com Seres Humanos da Instituição. Participaram 210 adolescentes, com idade média de 16,8 ± 1,0 anos sendo 52,4% (n=110) do sexo feminino. O excesso de gordura corporal variou de 34,3 (n=72) a 87,6% (n=184), conforme a equação ou equipamento de bioimpedância elétrica utilizado. As adolescentes apresentaram maiores valores de %GC, CT, HDL, LDL, insulina, HOMA-IR e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) (p < 0,05). Na análise das curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve), para predição de alterações nos parâmetros bioquímicos e clínico de risco cardiovascular, encontrou-se que a maioria das estimativas de gordura corporal detectou alterações nas concentrações séricas de TG, HDL, insulina e HOMA-IR (p<0,01). Obteve-se alta sensibilidade, baixa especificidade, alto valor preditivo negativo e baixo valor preditivo positivo para todos os métodos de estimativa de gordura corporal em relação aos parâmetros bioquímicos e clínico no G2. Nas análises de regressão múltipla no G1 verificou-se que o %GC estimado pela equação 5 se manteve associada com TG, PAD e insulina. No G2 todos os %GC mantiveram a associação com TG, insulina e HOMA-IR, componentes da síndrome metabólica. A partir dos resultados obtidos no estudo e considerando que todas as equações antropométricas são diferenciadas por sexo, pode-se inferir que a melhor equação de composição corporal foi a desenvolvida por Wetstrate e Deurenberg (1989) (equação 9), uma vez que, na regressão múltipla, se associou com maior número de fatores de risco cardiovascular, independente do estado nutricional dos adolescentes.The identification of precise and suitable methods for predicting body fat is necessary on nutritional status evaluation, also in adolescence, avoiding hazardous health effects persist until adulthood. The identification of body fat equations, which results associate with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents become relevant, once individuals with body fat fraction, broadly, present metabolic syndrome components. This work objective was to verify body fat equations capability in predicting changes in biochemical and clinic parameters of cardiovascular risk, in adolescents, of both sex, and 15 to 18 years old. The adolescents were selected by simple random sampling, considering the inclusion criteria: menarche presence by at least on year (feminine) and armpit hair (masculine); do not having participated of nutritional studies/consults in the last 6 months; to show Body Mass Index (BMI)/age &#8804; 25th percentile and BMI/age &#8805; 75th percentile or BMI/age &#8805; 85th percentile. According to the nutritional status classification it was grouped in : group 1 (G1) (n=140): eutrophics and group 2 (G2) (n=70): with overweight. It was It was verified weight, high, brachial perimeter and skinfolds. The body fat content was estimated by 10 anthropometric equations and by tetra polar horizontal and vertical electric bioimpedances with eight tactic electrodes, being the body fat content (%BF) classified according to Lohman. It was performed total cholesterol (TC) serum dosage, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), uric acid, insulin, fasting glucose, calculated the Homeostasis Model Assessment Insuling Resistence (HOMA-IR), verified the arterial pressure and evaluated the physical activity level. The study was approved by the Federal University of Viçosa Research Human Ethics Committee. Participated 210 adolescents, with mean 16.8 +- 1.0 year old being 52,4% (n=110) from feminine sex. The excess of body fat ranged between 34.3 (n=72) to 87.6% (n=184), according to the equation or electric bioimpedance equipment used. The feminine adolescents presented higher values of %BF, TC, HDL, LDL, insulin, HOMA-IR diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) (p < 0.05). On the analysis of the ROC curves, for prediction of changes in the biochemical and clinical parameters of cardiovascular risk, it was found that the majority of the body fat estimatives detected alteration on the serum concentration of TG, HDL, insulin and ROMA-IR (p<0.01). It was found high sensibility, low specificity, high negative predictive value and low positive predictive value for all methods of body fat estimative in relation to biochemical and clinical parameters in G2. On the multiple regression analysis on G1 it was verified that the %BF estimated by equation 5 got associated with TG, DAP and insulin. On G2 all the %BF maintained the association with TG, insulin and HOMA-IR, metabolic syndrome components. In basis with the results obtained in the study and considering that all anthropometric equations are differentiated by sex, it can be inferred that the better body composition equation was the one developed by Wetstrate and Deurenberg (1989) (equation 9), since, on the multiple regression, got associated with greater number of risk factors, independently of adolescents nutritional status

Somatic maturation and body composition in female healthy adolescents with or without adjustment for body fat

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the stages of somatic maturation and body composition in eutrophic female adolescents with or without excessive body fat. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 118 female adolescents, from 14 to 19 years-old, in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. The adolescents were divided in two groups: Group 1 (G1), eutrophic with adequate body fat percentage, and Group 2 (G2), eutrophic with high body fat percentage. The somatic maturation was assessed by the formula for estimating the Peak Height Velocity (PHV). Results: The PHV had higher average score in G1 adolescents compared to G2 (0.26 versus 0.05; p=0.032). There was an association between G1, G2 and the somatic maturation (p=0.049). The female adolescents before and during PHV presented higher values of fat body BMI (p=0.034) and percentage of central fat (p=0.039) compared to the adolescents after PHV. There was a correspondence between before PHV stage and the excess of body fat (α=0.751). Conclusions: There was an association between somatic maturation and body composition in eutrophic female adolescents. Length, BMI and fat percentage were different among the somatic maturation stages. It is relevant to evaluate the somatic maturation and the changes occurring in the body composition during adolescence in order to better evaluate and manage the nutritional status and the body fat excess

CÂNCER DE PRÓSTATA: PERCEPÇÃO, RASTREAMENTO E PREVENÇÃO

A educação em saúde, como ferramenta de prevenção ao Câncer de Próstata, através da percepção, rastreamento e prevenção da doença, busca tornar fácil e simples o acesso ao conhecimento acerca desta neoplasia, de modo a desmistificar estigmas, diminuir a morbimortalidade decorrente de diagnósticos tardios e tornar o homem agente principal e provedor da sua saúde. O projeto de extensão de que trata este artigo, foi desenvolvido durante o ano de 2016 pelos acadêmicos e uma equipe de docentes e profissionais do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, câmpus de Rondonópolis, com apoio da Prefeitura e Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS), sendo subsidiado por meios didáticos como panfletos, cartazes, camisetas temáticas, caixas de perguntas, palestras, entrevistas e criação de um website. Foram atingidos diretamente um total de 146 homens e observou-se que, além do desconhecimento do caráter assintomático da doença, o estigma acerca dos exames de rastreio ainda inviabiliza o diagnóstico precoce, necessitando assim, de medidas cada vez mais eficazes para se atingir de maneira direta o cuidado masculino relacionado ao câncer de Próstata

Nutritional status, metabolic changes and white blood cells in adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the peripheral blood white cells, metabolic changes, and nutritional status of adolescents with and without excess weight and body fat.METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) in 362 adolescents from 15 to 19 years of age, of both sexes. White blood cell count, platelet count, uric acid, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured. The inclusion criteria were agreement to participate in the study and signature of the informed consent. Exclusion criteria were: presence of chronic or infectious disease; use of medications that could cause changes in biochemical tests; pregnancy; participation in weight reduction and weight control programs; use of diuretics and laxatives; or the presence of a pacemaker. The following statistical tests were applied: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t or Mann-Whitney test, Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, and chi-squared test, considering p<0.05.RESULTS: Overweight was observed in 20.7% of adolescents. The total cholesterol (TC) had a higher percentage of inadequacy (52.2%), followed by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (38.4%). There was a positive correlation between white cells and serum lipids, insulin, body fat, and BMI. Monocytes were negatively correlated with BMI, and rods with BMI, body fat, and insulin.CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional status is related to an inflammatory process, and adolescents with excess weight or body fat presented higher amounts of white blood cells

Leukocytes as risk markers for cardiovascular disease in adolescents: association with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the number of leukocytes and cardiovascular risks associated with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests. Methods: Cross-sectional study developed with 475 adolescents, born between 1992 and 2001, in the municipality of Viçosa (MG). Maternal medical records were analyzed in the hospital units, and the following was recorded: birth weight and length, head circumference, chest circumference, Apgar score, gestational age. In adolescents, body mass index, skinfold thickness, body composition, blood count, biochemical tests and clinical variables were also assessed. The statistical analyses was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Data Analysis and Statistical Software (STATA) with Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and Linear Regression. Significance level was set at α<0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFV for studies with human subjects. Results: Weight and birth length, head and chest circumference were higher among boys. In adolescents, the number of leukocytes was higher in individuals with excess weight and body fat and high adiposity index, waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference. Only altered triglycerides showed differences between leukocyte medians. Regardless of the anthropometric variable of the final regression model, the stage of adolescence, number of platelets, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were associated with the increase in leukocytes. Conclusions: The birth variables were not associated with changes in leukocyte numbers, whereas the anthropometric variables were good indicators for a higher leukocyte count, regardless of the stage of adolescence and gender

PREFERÊNCIA POR ALIMENTOS SEGUROS: ESTUDO DE CASO DO CONSUMO DE MORANGO EM UM MUNICÍPIO DE MINAS GERAIS

Apesar do esforço governamental em monitorar resíduos de agrotóxicos em frutas e hortaliças, alguns produtos, como o morango, continuam apresentando níveis acima do permitido por lei. Desta forma, este estudo se propôs avaliar a preferência dos consumidores, estimada por meio da disposição a pagar (DAP), por morangos produzidos sem a utilização de agrotóxicos, além de analisar o efeito da informação a respeito dos malefícios à saúde decorrentes da ingestão de agrotóxicos sobre a DAP. Foram aplicados dois questionários semiestruturados, um contendo informação acerca dos efeitos adversos à saúde ocasionados pela ingestão de agrotóxicos e outro sem essa informação. Estimou-se a DAP individual por meio da técnica de referendo simples, ou pergunta fechada. Utilizou-se o método de valoração contingente na obtenção dos dados primários da pesquisa e na análise estatística, o modelo Logit. Os resultados mostraram que os consumidores deste município estão dispostos a pagar, aproximadamente, duas vezes mais pelo morango produzido sem agrotóxico, isto é, R$6,68, quando não informados dos malefícios da ingestão de agrotóxicos. Já a DAP dos consumidores que tiverem acesso a essa informação aumentou aproximadamente 16região por produtos sem agrotóxicos......Besides governmental effort in monitoring pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, some products, like strawberry, continue presenting pesticide residue levels above the specified by law. Therefore, this study evaluated the consumer preference, estimated by the willingness to pay (WTP), for strawberry produced without pesticide, and evaluated the effect of information regarding the health injuries caused by pesticide ingestion over the WTP. It was applied two semi-structured questionnaires, on with information regarding the adverse health effect due to pesticides ingestion and other without that information. It was estimated the individual WTP by the simple referendum, or closed question. It was used the contingent evaluation method on the acquisition of primary data and for the statistical analysis the Logit model. The results show that consumers of this municipality have WTP, approximately, twice larger by the strawberry produced without pesticides, that is, R$ 6,68, when not informed about the health problems of pesticide ingestion. On the other hand, the WTP of consumers that had access to information raised approximately 16%, reaching RS 7,76. It is demonstrated, therefore, the preference of this region consumers by products without pesticides