Position statement on nutrition therapy for overweight and obesity: nutrition department of the Brazilian association for the study of obesity and metabolic syndrome: ABESO 2022

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from multifactorial causes mainly related to lifestyle (sedentary lifestyle, inadequate eating habits) and to other conditions such as genetic, hereditary, psychological, cultural, and ethnic factors. The weight loss process is slow and complex, and involves lifestyle changes with an emphasis on nutritional therapy, physical activity practice, psychological interventions, and pharmacological or surgical treatment. Because the management of obesity is a long-term process, it is essential that the nutritional treatment contributes to the maintenance of the individual's global health. The main diet-related causes associated with excess weight are the high consumption of ultraprocessed foods, which are high in fats, sugars, and have high energy density; increased portion sizes; and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains. In addition, some situations negatively interfere with the weight loss process, such as fad diets that involve the belief in superfoods, the use of teas and phytotherapics, or even the avoidance of certain food groups, as has currently been the case for foods that are sources of carbohydrates. Individuals with obesity are often exposed to fad diets and, on a recurring basis, adhere to proposals with promises of quick solutions, which are not supported by the scientific literature. The adoption of a dietary pattern combining foods such as grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables, associated with an energy deficit, is the nutritional treatment recommended by the main international guidelines. Moreover, an emphasis on behavioral aspects including motivational interviewing and the encouragement for the individual to develop skills will contribute to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Therefore, this Position Statement was prepared based on the analysis of the main randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses that tested different nutrition interventions for weight loss. Topics in the frontier of knowledge such as gut microbiota, inflammation, and nutritional genomics, as well as the processes involved in weight regain, were included in this document. This Position Statement was prepared by the Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), with the collaboration of dietitians from research and clinical fields with an emphasis on strategies for weight loss.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Primeiro encontro de Rhodnius domesticus Neiva & Pinto, 1923 (Hemiptera: reduvidae) no município de Açucena, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-04-24T13:15:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_178.pdf: 605418 bytes, checksum: 9bb92e829bbbcae79d4020b6b8f767db (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-04-24T13:15:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_178.pdf: 605418 bytes, checksum: 9bb92e829bbbcae79d4020b6b8f767db (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-04-24T13:20:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_178.pdf: 605418 bytes, checksum: 9bb92e829bbbcae79d4020b6b8f767db (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-24T13:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_178.pdf: 605418 bytes, checksum: 9bb92e829bbbcae79d4020b6b8f767db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Laboratório Regional da Superintendência Regional de Saúde. Coronel Fabriciano, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Os triatomíneos são insetos vetores do Trypanosoma cruzi, protozoário causador da doença de Chagas. Em agosto de 2013, profissionais da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Coronel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais, registraram a entrada de uma fêmea de triatomíneo que foi identificada como Rhodnius prolixus. O inseto era proveniente do intradomicílio de uma residência do povoado de Caeté, município de Açucena. Para confirmação da identificação, o exemplar foi encaminhado ao Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas do Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou (CPqRR/FIOCRUZ). Na identificação do exemplar, utilizaram-se chaves taxonômicas e a morfologia externa da genitália feminina, o que permitiu identificá-lo como Rhodnius domesticus. Os caracteres diferenciais em relação às outras espécies de Rhodnius foram: o tamanho de 15,5 mm, a cor parda-amarelada com partes em castanho escuro, a ausência de aspecto sarapintado, a cabeça curta e as patas não aneladas. Além disso, a genitália da fêmea, em vista dorsal, apresentava uma linha em forma de lua dividindo o nono e décimo segmentos e, em perspectiva ventral, o nono segmento terminava ligeiramente abaixo do décimo. O exemplar foi depositado na coleção de vetores da doença de Chagas (Fiocruz-COLVEC) do CPqRR/FIOCRUZ. Esta foi a primeira vez em que esta espécie foi identificada na região. É importante que o serviço de vigilância entomológica esteja atento à presença de triatomíneos raros e os identifique corretamente. As coleções entomológicas e os serviços de referência têm importante papel no sentido de assegurar um serviço de qualidade nas identificações.First record of Rhodnius domesticus Neiva & Pinto, 1923 (Hemiptera: Reduvidae) in the Açucena municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Triatomines are insect vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan agent of Chagas Disease. In August 2013, a professional from the Regional Health Superintendence of Coronel Fabriciano,Minas Gerais, registered the arrival of a triatomine female identified as Rhodnius prolixus. The insect originated from a domestic residence in Caeté, Açucena municipality. In order to confirm its identity, the insect was sent to the René Rachou Research Center (CPqRR/FIOCRUZ). For identification of the triatomine, taxonomic keys and external morphology of the female genitalia were used, allowing the insect to be identified as Rhodnius domesticus. The differentiating features in relation to other species were: the size of 15.5 mm, the brownish-yellow colour with chestnut brown in parts, absence of the spotted or speckled aspect, short head and non-curled feet. As well as this, the female genitalia, in dorsal view, presented a moon shaped line dividing the ninth and tenth segment, and in ventral view presented the ninth segment finishing slightly below the tenth. The sample was stored in the collection of Chagas disease vectors (Fiocruz- COLVEC) do CPqRR/FIOCRUZ. It was the first time that this species was identified in the region. It is important that the entomology surveillance service is aware of the presence of rare triatomines and processes their identification correctly. In this way, entomologic collections and reference services have an important role, ensuring a quality service in identification

Teoria e métodos do processo de inclusão educacional : visibilidade, materialidade, fragmentos e multiplicidade

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