Sustainability in Higher Education Institutions (HEI): Merging the Study Systematic Review, Analysis Content and Bibliometrics

This study aims to explore how the topic of sustainability in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) has been addressed in the scientific literature. It presents a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1975 and 2019. After that, bibliometric and content analyses were performed in order to identify the behavior and evolution of the literature and identify the frequency with which they appear in the text, making it possible to raise replicable and valid inferences to the data. The results of this study indicate that the theme is emerging since the year 2010 and with a strong focus on qualitative studies, focused on critical theory. The results indicate that although studies involve the tripod environment, economy, and society, there is still a gap in studies that deal with specific issues to solve practical problems and that analyze the impacts from a more holistic perspective. The combination of methods made it possible to identify and interpret the articles in the selected sample, but based on results reported by other authors, with little room for quality control and integrity

Estado da arte sobre sustentabilidade nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES)

Higher Education Institutions (HEI) have played a distinct role in society: they are predisposed to be at the forefront of social change and to deal with problems. The objective of this work was to identify how sustainability has been developed in HEI around the world, examining the evolution of management in environmental issues and the promotion of social change. The methodology used was content analysis, following the epoch approach to build a chronological narrative of the development of sustainability over the years. The results presented three periods of the global context of sustainability in the HEI. The first covered the phase of discovering sustainability between 1970 and 1990. The second period between 1990 and 2010 included the phase of adapting sustainability. Finally, the third season started in 2010 covered the implementation of sustainability in HEI. Understanding the development of sustainability in HEs during these years was essential to identify the current state of the art and to map future paths in the area.As Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) têm ocupado um papel distinto na sociedade: elas estão predispostas a estar no pioneirismo da mudança social e a lidar com problemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar como a sustentabilidade tem sido desenvolvida nas IES ao redor do mundo, examinando a evolução da gestão nas questões ambientais e a promoção da mudança social. A metodologia utilizada foi análise de conteúdo, seguindo a abordagem de épocas para construir uma narrativa cronológica do desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade ao longo dos anos. Os resultados apresentaram três épocas do contexto global de sustentabilidade nas IES. A primeira abrangeu a fase da descoberta da sustentabilidade entre 1970 e 1990. A segunda época entre 1990 e 2010 compreendeu a fase da adaptação da sustentabilidade. Por fim, a terceira época iniciada em 2010 abarcou a implementação da sustentabilidade nas IES. Compreender o desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade nas IES durante esses anos foi essencial para identificar o estado da arte atual e mapear caminhos futuros na área

Sustentabilidade e teoria geral dos sistemas: um levantamento temporal de frentes de pesquisa na literatura científica

Diante dos desafios impostos pela complexidade crescente dos problemas contemporâneos, a literatura acadêmica tem abordado e interligado, com frequência crescente, os temas da sustentabilidade e da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas. Este artigo realiza uma revisão de parcela importante dessa literatura, nacional e internacional e, por meio de pesquisa bibliométrica, busca identificar os momentos de explosão e as palavras-chave com alto grau de centralidade de intermediação. Fazendo uso do programa CiteSpace II (CHEN, 2006), na base Web Of Science (WoS) no período de 1980 a 2016, a pesquisa revelou que a literatura que interliga os temas estudados teve um crescimento expressivo a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990, com a importante constatação do progressivo abandono de abordagens disciplinares em prol de tratamentos multidisciplinares.

UM ESTUDO DA RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL EM INDÚSTRIA DE TORREFAÇÃO E MOAGEM DE CAFÉ

The social actions carried out by companies become relevant in recent years, not only considering the need to take social responsibility for the environment in which it operates, but also contributing to a better society and a cleaner environment. Thus, it is understood that the company management should be guided by considering not only the return on investment to shareholders, but also meet the interests of society in general. This article aimed to verify the corporate social responsibility activities (CSR) in a roasting branch company and coffee grinding. It held initially lifting the theoretical basis on the subject and was conducted semi-structured interview with the company's manager. When considering the findings raised in this study reviewing the efficient use of energy and water, what stood out was the progress of the installation of accessories and water-saving devices, which can improve the use of lighting, the application of efficient measures to manage and decrease power consumption and maintain a collective fleet of vehicles and the reduction of water consumption in the outdoors. It is considered that there is maintenance of the air conditioning system and regular repair of water leaks. The company also does not apply encouraging the use of alternative transportation.As ações sociais realizadas pelas empresas tornaram-se relevantes nos últimos anos, não só considerando-se a necessidade de assumir responsabilidade social no ambiente em que ela está inserida, mas também contribuindo para uma sociedade mais justa e para um ambiente mais limpo. Com isso, entende-se que a gestão das empresas deve ser norteada considerando-se não somente o retorno do investimento aos sócios, mas também atender interesses da sociedade em geral. Esse artigo teve como objetivo verificar as ações de Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE) em uma empresa do ramo de torrefação e moagem de café. Realizou-se inicialmente o levantamento da base teórica acerca do tema e foi efetuada entrevista semiestruturada com o gestor da empresa. Ao considerar os resultados levantados neste estudo sobre a análise do uso eficaz de energia e água, o que se destacou foi o andamento da instalação de acessórios e dispositivos para economizar água, que poderá melhorar o uso de iluminação, a aplicação de medidas eficientes para gerir e diminuir o consumo de energia e manter uma frota de veículos coletivos e a redução do consumo de água nas áreas externas. Considera-se que há manutenção no sistema de climatização e o conserto regular das fugas de água. A empresa ainda não se aplica o incentivo ao uso de transporte alternativo

The impact of clinical use on the torsional behavior of Reciproc and WaveOne instruments

Torsional overload is a fracture representative parameter for instruments in single-file techniques. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the influence of clinical use, in vivo, on the torsional behavior of Reciproc and WaveOne instruments considering the possibility that they degraded with use. Material and Methods Diameter at each millimeter, pitch length, and area at 3 mm from the tip were determined for both types of instruments. Twenty-four instruments, size 25, 0.08 taper, of each system were divided into two groups (n=12 each): Control Group (CG), in which new Reciproc (RC) and WaveOne Primary (WO) instruments were tested in torsion until rupture based on ISO 3630-1; and Experimental Group (EG), in which each new instrument was clinically used to clean and shape the root canals of one molar. After clinical use, the instruments were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy and subsequently tested in torsion until fracture. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance at a=.05. Results WO instruments showed significantly higher mean values of cross-sectional area A3 (P=0.000) and smaller pitch lengths than RC instruments with no statistically significant differences in the diameter at D3 (P=0.521). No significant differences in torsional resistance between the RC and WO new instruments (P=0.134) were found. The clinical use resulted in a tendency of reduction in the maximum torque of the analyzed instruments but no statistically significant difference was observed between them (P=0.327). During the preparation of the root canals, two fractured RC instruments and longitudinal and transversal cracks in RC and WO instruments were observed through SEM analysis. Conclusion After clinical use, no statistically significant reduction in the torsional resistance was observed

In vitro and in situ activation of the complement system by the fungus Lacazia loboi

Since there are no studies evaluating the participation of the complement system (CS) in Jorge Lobo's disease and its activity on the fungus Lacazia loboi, we carried out the present investigation. Fungal cells with a viability index of 48% were obtained from the footpads of BALB/c mice and incubated with a pool of inactivated serum from patients with the mycosis or with sterile saline for 30 min at 37 ºC. Next, the tubes were incubated for 2 h with a pool of noninactivated AB+ serum, inactivated serum, serum diluted in EGTA-MgCl2, and serum diluted in EDTA. The viability of L. loboi was evaluated and the fungal suspension was cytocentrifuged. The slides were submitted to immunofluorescence staining using human anti-C3 antibody. The results revealed that 98% of the fungi activated the CS by the alternative pathway and no significant difference in L. loboi viability was observed after CS activation. In parallel, frozen histological sections from 11 patients were analyzed regarding the presence of C3 and IgG by immunofluorescence staining. C3 and IgG deposits were observed in the fungal wall of 100% and 91% of the lesions evaluated, respectively. The results suggest that the CS and immunoglobulins may contribute to the defense mechanisms of the host against L. loboi.Considerando que não existe nenhum estudo avaliando a participação do sistema complemento (SC) na doença de Jorge Lobo e sua atividade sobre o fungo Lacazia loboi, realizamos o presente trabalho. Os fungos foram obtidos dos coxins plantares de camundongos BALB/c com índice de viabilidade de 48% e, em seguida, foram incubados com pool de soro inativado de pacientes ou com solução salina estéril (SSE) por 30 min, a 37 ºC. Os tubos foram incubados, por 2 h, com pool de soro AB+ sem inativar, inativado, diluído em EGTA-MgCl2 e EDTA. A viabilidade do L. loboi foi avaliada e a suspensão fúngica foi citocentrifugada. As lâminas foram submetidas à técnica de imunofluorescência empregando o anticorpo anti-C3 humano. Os resultados revelaram que 98% dos fungos ativaram o SC pela via alternativa e que não houve diferença significante na viabilidade do L. loboi após ativação do SC. Em paralelo, cortes histológicos congelados de 11 pacientes foram avaliados quanto à presença de C3 e IgG, pela técnica de imunofluorescência. Foram encontrados depósitos de C3 e de IgG na parede dos fungos em 100% e 91% das lesões avaliadas, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que o SC e as imunoglobulinas poderiam contribuir nos mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro contra o L. loboi

Microsynthetics in waters of the South American Pantanal

Microplastics are an emerging global threat to freshwater ecosystems. There is a growing number of microplastic studies in wetlands and floodplains such as the Pantanal. Microplastics in the Pantanal’s water courses, lakes, and floodplains were sampled with a plankton net in 16 locations in the Pantanal lowlands at varying distances from their potential urban sources over 2 years. Microplastics from the water samples were separated from sediments and organic matter and examined under a stereomicroscope to be identified and counted. Visual determination was then confirmed by RAMAN spectrometry. We found 730 microplastics. The average ± std microplastic concentration was 38 ± 16 x/m3, ranging between 10 and 100 x/m3. Fibres, fragments, and films represented 68%, 28%, and 4%, respectively, of the total microplastics. Surprisingly, a synthetic blue fibre of non-identified composition accounted for 51.0% of the microplastics. Other identified polymers included PP (18.2%), PET (16.9%), PVC (5.1%), PVA (4.4%) and LDPE (4.4%). The blue fibres, PP, and PET were found at all sampling locations. Microplastic concentrations varied from 27 ± 12 x/m3 to 48 ± 21 x/m3 across the sampling sites. Microplastics’ average size was 0.51 ± 0.21 mm, ranging from 0.06 to 0.97 mm. In the study area, the average seasonal concentrations varied from 34 ± 11 to 43 ± 18 x/m3 during the 2 years study period (2018–2019). In lentic environments, the median concentrations (30 x/m3) were significantly lower than in the lotic ones (40 x/m3). Urban human activities are a potential source of microplastics as the concentration of these increased significantly with the population of the nearest human agglomeration. These results indicate widespread contamination of the Pantanal waters by microplastics. Furthermore, a microsynthetic of indeterminate composition is found everywhere in the Pantanal, and more research is urgently needed to determine its composition and sources. The contamination by micropolymers and other microsynthetics will likely impact the Pantanal biota and, eventually, humans living in these floodplains

Microplastics in sediments of the Pantanal Wetlands, Brazil

Microplastics (<5 mm) can have negative and deleterious environmental effects. However, the scarce information on the levels of microplastics and the factors underlying their input in wetlands, limits the understating of the vulnerability of these ecosystems to microplastics. To contribute closing this important information gap, the concentration (items/m−2), size and the variables related to the distribution of microplastics in fluvial sediments of the Cuiabá River, a tributary of the Pantanal, the world largest flooded Savanna and a UNESCO World Heritage were investigated. The mean microplastic level was 576.8 ± 577.8 items/m−2 of sediments which were mainly fragments (309.0 ± 319.6 items/m−2) and fibers (267.8 ± 339.9 items/m−2). The maximum level was 1938.8 items/m−2 found in the urban stretch of the sister cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, the largest urban agglomeration in the study area. Unexpectedly, the composition of the microplastic with highest average level (240.7 ± 310.4 items/m−2), a blue synthetic fiber, could not be unequivocally determined by RAMAN spectrometry. Its complex composition includes Pb, Li and Nb, suggesting it may derive from electronic waste. Polypropylene (159.2 ± 133.4 items/m−2) and Polyvinyl Chloride (104.6 ± 217.2 items/m−2) were the second and third polymers with higher average levels. The average size of microplastics particles in sampling sites ranged from 0.18 mm to 1.74 mm. Microplastic concentration was positively related to urban areas. Similarly, microplastics particles size decreased with distance from urban areas. These results suggest that urban areas along the Cuiabá River, with poor waste management, are a major source of microplastic pollution in the Pantanal floodplain and that electronic waste might contribute significantly to this contamination. This study highlights the importance of adequate waste management in cities to limit microplastic contamination in areas of ecological importance, such as the Pantanal.We aknowledge fellowships from the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)

Planejamento, execução e conclusão de programas públicos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D): agenda para as instituições de fomento

Os investimentos em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&amp;D) são fundamentais para a prosperidade econômica de um país, uma vez que proporcionam o acesso à fronteira do conhecimento, ao desenvolvimento e a comercialização de produtos, entre outros. Com a finalidade de ampliar a competitividade das empresas nacionais, o Brasil lançou, a partir de 2004, um aparato institucional e financeiro de apoio à inovação, sendo instituída nesse contexto, a subvenção econômica (SE) à inovação, isto é, o aporte público de recursos não reembolsáveis diretamente nas empresas para o desenvolvimento de atividades inovadoras. A instituição responsável pela SE no Brasil é a Finep, que conta com a parceria dos governos estaduais, geralmente por meio das Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAP´s), para que o programa alcance maior capilaridade no território nacional. O objetivo geral deste artigo é propor uma agenda que auxilie as FAP´s nos procedimentos de planejamento, execução e conclusão de projetos apoiados

Avaliação do perfil epidemiológico dos casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave em residentes de Goiânia, entre 2013 e 2018

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos notificados de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave em Goiânia. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal dos casos notificados de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação Influenza Web, de 2013 a 2018, entre os residentes de Goiânia/GO. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva socioeconômica, com avaliação dos fatores associados por meio do teste qui-quadrado e análise multivariada por regressão logística. Resultados: Dos 1.379 casos notificados, 321 (23,30%) tinham de 0 a 5 anos e 236 (17,10%) mais que 60 anos, tendo estes uma chance de evoluir a óbito 4,01 maior que aqueles (p&lt;0,001). Ao todo, 345 indivíduos (25,00%) vacinaram contra o vírus influenza, sendo que 106 (33,02%) tinham de 0 a 5 anos e 86 (36,44%), 60 anos ou mais. Em relação ao óbito, a presença de comorbidades (OR 1,87; IC95% 1,31; 2,65), internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (OR 7,66; IC95% 5,32; 11,04) e ausência de tratamento com antiviral (OR 5,93; IC95% 1,54; 22,85) foram fatores de risco associados. Apesar do vírus influenza A H1N1 ter sido o agente etiológico mais frequente, não foi observada relação entre tal vírus e óbito (p=0,397), assim como não foram identificados relação entre vacinação e internação em UTI, óbito e diminuição no tempo de internação dos pacientes. Conclusões: Indivíduos adultos e/ou que não vacinaram para gripe compõem o perfil das notificações. Aqueles que foram internados em unidade de terapia intensiva e portadores de comorbidade apresentaram maior chance de evoluir para óbito