Perbedaan Perubahan Warna Permukaan Resin Komposit Nanohybrid Pasca Perendaman dalam Cuko Pempek (Saus Manis dan Asam) dan Jamu Kunyit Asam (Curcuma Domestica Val – Tamarindus Indica)

The advantages of Nanohybrid composite resin are they have a smooth surface and greater strength, also minimal shrinkage. The disadvantages of composite resin are the color changes extrinsically and intrinsically. The color is changing extrinsically because of the dyes which attached to the surface of the composite resin and the color is changing intrinsically due to oxidation of monomers. Pempek and turmeric-tamarind herbal drink (jamu) are kind of foods and beverages that are very popular among Indonesian people, both of them are causing discoloration on the surface of the composite resin. The objective was to identify the difference composite resin color change after soaking in sweet and sour sauce (cuko pempek) and turmeric-tamarind herbal drink. This study was experimental laboratory research with pre-test and post-test research design. The samples were 32 pieces of Nanohybrid composite resin with the size of 10 x 2 mm. 16 samples of each test were soaked in 5 ml “cuko pempek” and turmeric-tamarind herbal drink in 37 0 C temperature in 7 days. The color change was measured using spechtrophotometer (UV-2401 PC). Results: There are differences between Nanohybrid composite resin surface color change which were soaked in “cuko pempek” and turmeric-tamarind herbal drink which marked in an average change of dE*ab “cuko pempek” (4.7244) and turmeric and tamarind herbal drink (39.1944). The results of independent T-Test also showed a significant color change that is p = 0,000 (p <0.05). This study concluded that there were differences between Nanohybrid composite resin surface color change which are soaked in “cuko pempek” and turmeric-tamarind herbal drink

Tecnologías digitales en el contexto de un modelo de innovación curricular en Matemática en Chile

Este artículo analiza resultados acerca del uso de la tecnología informática en la implementación de un modelo de innovación curricular en matemática que se implementa en la actualidad en escuelas públicas de Chile. Los resultados provienen del proyecto Enlaces Matemática. Además, esta información se complementa con datos cualitativos del estudio conducente al grado de doctor realizado por uno de los autores. El núcleo común en ambos proyectos es el modelo interactivo para el aprendizaje matemático desarrollado por el Centro Comenius de la Universidad de Santiago (Oteiza & Miranda, 2004). De los antecedentes analizados se concluye que si bien los recursos tecnológicos son importantes y pueden causar efectos significativos en el aprendizaje, por si mismos no bastan para hacerlo. Para lograr mejores resultados de aprendizaje se requiere de un modelo curricular que integre naturalmente la tecnología e involucrando a profesores y estudiantes en el marco de diferentes estrategias y recursos que se disponen en la sala de clases. En general, se ha observado una base de logros de aprendizaje matemático consistente y sólida, a la vez que un mejor manejo de la tecnología tanto de profesores como estudiantes. Esto permite inferir algunos principios y estrategias respecto al uso pertinente de la tecnología informática para facilitar el aprendizaje matemático apropiadas al contexto educacional chileno

Comparison between topical use of ketotifen and olopatadine in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and tolerance to the topical use of 0.05% ketotifen fumarate and 0.1% olopatadine hydrochloride in the treatment of patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Methods: A masked, randomized clinical study was performed in order to compare the efficacy, safety and side effects of the use of 0.05% ketotifen fumarate and 0.1% olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solutions for the alleviation of symptoms and signs in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Thirty-four patients, fulfilling the inclusion criteria of the protocol were divided into two groups and received a flask with the masked drug, instilling one drop twice daily in each eye for 30 days. Signs and symptoms of these patients were evaluated on a visit before treatment and on five visits during the treatment (days 1, 2, 7, 14 and 30). Results: Severity of allergic conjunctivitis was the same in both studied groups. Both ketotifen and olopatadine were equivalent and efficient regarding decrease in itching, burning and lacrimation symptoms. Bulbar conjunctival hyperemia was attenuated in both groups. Evaluation of adverse reactions showed the occurrence of burning on administration of both drugs and ketotifen led to occurrence of itching. No hypersensitivity reaction to the studied drugs was observed. Conclusions: This study evidences that 0.05% ketotifen fumarate and 0.1% olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solutions, when instilled twice daily for 30 days, were efficient and safe regarding alleviation of the main symptoms and signs of allergic conjunctivitis.Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a eficácia e tolerância do uso tópico do fumarato de cetotifeno a 0,05% e cloridrato de olopatadina a 0,1% no tratamento de pacientes com conjuntivite alérgica. Método: Foi realizado estudo clínico mascarado, randomizado comparando a eficácia, segurança e os efeitos colaterais com o uso da solução oftálmica de fumarato de cetotifeno a 0,05% e cloridrato de olopatadina a 0,1% no alívio dos sintomas e sinais em pacientes com conjuntivite alérgica. Trinta e quatro pacientes obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão do protocolo receberam um frasco com a droga mascarada e instilaram uma gota duas vezes por dia em cada olho durante 30 dias. Os sintomas e sinais dos pacientes foram avaliados em uma visita pré-tratamento e cinco com tratamento (1º dia, 2º dia, 7º dia, 14º dia e 30º dia). Resultados: A gravidade da conjuntivite alérgica foi semelhante nos dois grupos do estudo. Tanto cetotifeno como a olopatadina foram equivalentes e eficazes na diminuição dos sintomas de prurido, ardor e lacrimejamento. Quanto aos sinais, a hiperemia em conjuntiva bulbar foi atenuada nos dois grupos. Na avaliação das reações adversas observou-se ardor após a administração de ambos colírios e a ocorrência de prurido no grupo do cetotifeno. Não foi observada nenhuma reação de hipersensibilidade das drogas estudadas. Conclusões: Este estudo evidencia que a solução oftálmica de fumarato de cetotifeno a 0,05% e o cloridrato de olopatadina a 0,1% quando instilados duas vezes ao dia durante 30 dias, são eficazes e seguros no alívio dos principais sintomas das conjuntivites alérgicas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de OftalmologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de OftalmologiaSciEL

Cardiovascular autonomic control in mice lacking angiotensin AT1a receptors

Studies examined the role of angiotensin (ANG) AT1a receptors in cardiovascular autonomic control by measuring arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) variability and the effect of autonomic blockade in mice lacking AT1a receptors (AT1a-/-). Using radiotelemetry in conscious AT1a-/- and AT1a-/- mice, we determined 1) AP and pulse interval (PI) variability in time and frequency (spectral analysis) domains, 2) AP response to alpha(1)-adrenergic and ganglionic blockade, and 3) intrinsic HR after ganglionic blockade. Pulsatile AP was recorded (5 kHz) for measurement of AP and PI and respective variability. Steady-state AP responses to prazosin (1 mu g/g ip) and hexamethonium (30 mu g/g ip) were also measured. AP was lower in AT1a-/- vs. AT1a-/-, whereas HR was not changed. Prazosin and hexamethonium produced greater decreases in mean AP in AT1a-/- than in AT1a -/-. the blood pressure difference was marked after ganglionic blockade (change in mean AP of -44 +/- 10 vs. -18 +/- 2 mmHg, AT1a-/- vs. AT1a-/- mice). Intrinsic HR was also lower in AT1a-/- mice (431 +/- 32 vs. 524 +/- 22 beats/min, AT1a-/- vs. AT1a-/-). Beat-by-beat series of systolic AP and PI were submitted to autoregressive spectral estimation with variability quantified in low-frequency (LF: 0.1-1 Hz) and high-frequency (HF: 1-5 Hz) ranges. AT1a-/- mice showed a reduction in systolic AP LF variability (4.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 9.8 +/- 1.3 mmHg(2)), with no change in HF (2.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.6 mmHg2). There was a reduction in PI variability of AT1a-/- in both LF (18.7 +/- 3.7 vs. 32.1 +/- 4.2 ms(2)) and HF (17.7 +/- 1.9 vs. 40.3 +/- 7.3 ms(2)) ranges. the association of lower AP and PI variability in AT1a-/- mice with enhanced AP response to alpha(1)-adrenergic and ganglionic blockade suggests that removal of the ANG AT1a receptor produces autonomic imbalance. This is seen as enhanced sympathetic drive to compensate for the lack of ANG signaling.Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Sch Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Sch Med, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Sch Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

The Effects of Green Tea Consumption on Cardiometabolic Alterations Induced by Experimental Diabetes

We evaluated cardiac autonomic modulation by heart rate (HRV), and arterial pressure variability (APV), and metabolic response in streptozotocin diabetic rats treated with green tea. Male Wistar rats were separated in groups: control, drinking tap water (C), green tea-treated (GT) group, diabetic, drinking tap water (D), and diabetic, treated with green tea (DGT). Kidney mass was greater in D and DGT than in C and GT, but reduced in DGT compared to D. Green tea prevented the increase in creatinine clearance and reduced hyperglycemia in DGT compared to D. Arterial pressure was increased in GT and decreased in D compared to C. HRV was reduced in D compared with all groups. APV was decreased in D compared to C and recovery in DGT. Sympathetic modulation of APV was decreased in D compared with all groups. Green tea reduced hyperglycemia, prevented renal injury and autonomic dysfunction, suggesting reduced cardiovascular risk and target organ damage in diabetes

Monosodium glutamate neonatal treatment induces cardiovascular autonomic function changes in rodents

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic function in a rodent obesity model induced by monosodium glutamate injections during the first seven days of life. METHOD: The animals were assigned to control (control, n = 10) and monosodium glutamate (monosodium glutamate, n = 13) groups. Thirty-three weeks after birth, arterial and venous catheters were implanted for arterial pressure measurements, drug administration, and blood sampling. Baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated according to the tachycardic and bradycardic responses induced by sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine infusion, respectively. Sympathetic and vagal effects were determined by administering methylatropine and propranolol. RESULTS: Body weight, Lee index, and epididymal white adipose tissue values were higher in the monosodium glutamate group in comparison to the control group. The monosodium glutamate-treated rats displayed insulin resistance, as shown by a reduced glucose/insulin index (-62.5%), an increased area under the curve of total insulin secretion during glucose overload (39.3%), and basal hyperinsulinemia. The mean arterial pressure values were higher in the monosodium glutamate rats, whereas heart rate variability (>;7 times), bradycardic responses (>;4 times), and vagal (~38%) and sympathetic effects (~36%) were reduced as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that obesity induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment impairs cardiac autonomic function and most likely contributes to increased arterial pressure and insulin resistance

La salud bucal en los niños a través de la tercera edad. Una experiencia intergeneracional

En las situaciones en que los ancianos logran superar los estigmas sociales y culturales relacionados con la edad, estos han demostrado su productividad, aunque si bien, ya no corresponde a la productividad económica, sus actuaciones tienen relación con actividades intelectuales, culturales y recreativas. En el trabajo comunitario con adultos mayores resulta interesante buscar las formas de promocionar la salud, abordando el envejecimiento desde la concepción del desarrollo humano tanto individual como colectivo. El contexto social que dio origen a este proyecto fue la tercera edad y la niñez, si bien en ambas etapas de la vida se presentan problemáticas diferentes en relación a lo social, una etapa es el inicio de la vida y la otra etapa es el camino al final. Biológicamente ambas son muy diferentes; las respuestas orgánicas son también heterogéneos, sin embargo ambos estratos sociales son afectados en la cavidad bucal por dos enfermedades comunes: la Caries y la Enfermedad Periodontal. La iniciativa se desarrolló en el marco de los saberes populares conjugado con los saberes científicos apuntados por los universitarios en relación a las dos generaciones los adultos mayores y los niños. Uno de los ejes centrales fue propiciar la vinculación entre el conocimiento científico-tecnológico existente en la Universidad Nacional Córdoba con las problemáticas sociales y, en esa línea, promover la articulación entre la investigación científica y las necesidades de la sociedad. Al generarse un dialogo entre los diferentes actores, los abuelos y los niños se esperó que basados en el encuentro generacional provoque mayor interés en la Salud Bucal, tanto en las personas mayores como en los niños para mejorar el nivel de las conductas preventivas en lo que se refiere al cuidado de la Boca. Y re-orientar los conocimientos para que los alumnos y docentes universitarios participantes del proyecto, prioricen las acciones en prevención en sus futuros pacientes y planes de estudio de la Carrera de Odontología. El proyecto comenzó, en una primera etapa, con reuniones de coordinación del grupo. En la segunda etapa, se trabajó conjuntamente con los abuelos. En la tercera etapa se llevó a cabo las estrategias planificadas entre abuelos y los nietos; cuarta etapa, presentación de los resultados a la comunidad educativa. La experiencia se evaluó mediante un instrumento ad- doc el cual fue creado por los actores universitarios para los participantes. En el que se solcita información como cuantos dientes tiene en boca, si usa o no prótesis dental, con qué frecuencia y como los higieniza a ambospublishedVersio

Modulação autonômica da pressão arterial e variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca em ratos hipertensos e diabéticos

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the autonomic modulation of the cardiovascular system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), evaluating baroreflex sensitivity and arterial pressure and heart rate variability. METHODS: Male SHR were divided in control (SHR) and diabetic (SHR+DM, 5 days after STZ) groups. Arterial pressure (AP) and baroreflex sensitivity (evaluated by tachycardic and bradycardic responses to changes in AP) were monitored. Autoregressive spectral estimation was performed for systolic AP (SAP) and pulse interval (PI) with oscillatory components quantified as low (LF:0.2-0.6Hz) and high (HF:0.6-3.0Hz) frequency ranges. RESULTS: Mean AP and heart rate in SHR+DM (131±3 mmHg and 276±6 bpm) were lower than in SHR (160±7 mmHg and 330±8 bpm). Baroreflex bradycardia was lower in SHR+DM as compared to SHR (0.55±0.1 vs. 0.97±0.1 bpm/mmHg). Overall SAP variability in the time domain (standard deviation of beat-by-beat time series of SAP) was lower in SHR+DM (3.1±0.2 mmHg) than in SHR (5.7±0.6 mmHg). The standard deviation of the PI was similar between groups. Diabetes reduced the LF of SAP (3.3±0.8 vs. 28.7±7.6 mmHg2 in SHR), while HF of SAP were unchanged. The power of oscillatory components of PI did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the association of hypertension and diabetes causes an impairment of the peripheral cardiovascular sympathetic modulation that could be, at least in part, responsible for the reduction in AP levels. Moreover, this study demonstrates that diabetes might actually impair the reduced buffer function of the baroreceptors while reducing blood pressure.OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a modulação autonômica do sistema cardiovascular em ratos espontâneamente hipertensos (SHR) e diabéticos por estreptozotocina (STZ), avaliando a sensibilidade do reflexo barorreceptor e a variabilidade da pressão arterial e da freqüência cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Ratos SHR machos foram divididos em grupos controle (SHR) e diabéticos (SHR+DM, 5 dias após STZ). A pressão arterial (PA) e a sensibilidade dos barorreceptores (avaliada pelas respostas taquicárdicas e bradicárdicas a alterações da PA) foram monitoradas. Os sinais de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e o intervalo de pulso (IP) foram analisados no domínio do tempo e da freqüência pelo método autoregressivo sendo quantificados os componentes oscilatórios de baixa (BF: 0,2-0,6Hz) e alta (AF:0,6-3,0Hz) freqüência. RESULTADOS: A PA média e a freqüência cardíaca estavam reduzidas no grupo SHR+DM (131±3 mmHg e 276±6 bpm) em relação ao grupo SHR (160±7 mmHg e 330±8 bpm). A bradicardia reflexa a aumentos de PA estava atenuada no grupo SHR+DM quando comparada ao grupo SHR (0,55±0,1 vs 0,97±0,1 bpm/mmHg). A variabilidade da PAS no domínio do tempo (desvio padrão batimento-a-batimento da série temporal da PAS) foi menor no grupo SHR+DM (3,1±0,2 mmHg) quando comparada ao grupo SHR (5,7±0,6 mmHg). O desvio padrão do IP foi semelhante entre os grupos. O diabetes reduziu o componente BF da PAS (3,3±0,8 vs 28,7±7,6 mmHg² no SHR), mas não alterou o componente AF da PAS. Em relação aos componentes oscilatórios do IP não houve diferença entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Estes resultados sugerem que a associação de hipertensão e diabetes causa uma importante diminuição da modulação simpática cardiovascular periférica que poderia, pelo menos em parte, ser responsável pela redução da PA. Além disso, este estudo demonstra que o diabetes pode, de fato, piorar a já reduzida função de tamponamento dos barorreceptores ao mesmo tempo em que reduz a pressão arterial

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development. J Appl Physiol 114: 786-791, 2013. First published January 17, 2013; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00586.2012.-High fructose consumption contributes to metabolic syndrome incidence, whereas exercise training promotes several beneficial adaptations. in this study, we demonstrated the preventive role of exercise training in the metabolic syndrome derangements in a rat model. Wistar rats receiving fructose overload in drinking water (100 g/l) were concomitantly trained on a treadmill (FT) or kept sedentary (F) for 10 wk. Control rats treated with normal water were also submitted to exercise training (CT) or sedentarism (C). Metabolic evaluations consisted of the Lee index and glycemia and insulin tolerance test (kITT). Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured, whereas heart rate (HR) and BP variabilities were evaluated in time and frequency domains. Renal sympathetic nerve activity was also recorded. F rats presented significant alterations compared with all the other groups in insulin resistance (in mg.dl(-1).min(-1): F: 3.4 +/- 0.2; C: 4.7 +/- 0.2; CT: 5.0 +/- 0.5 FT: 4.6 +/- 0.4), mean BP (in mmHG: F: 117 +/- 2; C: 100 +/- 2; CT: 98 +/- 2; FT: 105 +/- 2), and Lee index (in g/mm: F = 0.31 +/- 0.001; C = 0.29 +/- 0.001; CT = 0.27 +/- 0.002; FT = 0.28 +/- 0.002), confirming the metabolic syndrome diagnosis. Exercise training blunted all these derangements. Additionally, FS group presented autonomic dysfunction in relation to the others, as seen by an similar to 50% decrease in baroreflex sensitivity and 24% in HR variability, and increases in sympathovagal balance (140%) and in renal sympathetic nerve activity (45%). These impairments were not observed in FT group, as well as in C and CT. Correlation analysis showed that both Lee index and kITT were associated with vagal impairment caused by fructose. Therefore, exercise training plays a preventive role in both autonomic and hemodynamic alterations related to the excessive fructose consumption.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, Heart Inst InCor, Hypertens Unit, BR-05403900 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilNove Julho Univ, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Prebiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc