Las enfermedades populares en la cultura española actual

Cabe suponer que cuando se goza de acceso universal a la sanidad, como sucede en la España contemporánea, la creencia en enfermedades populares termina desapareciendo. Sin embargo, una investigación de campo, desarrollada en el Suroeste de Andalucía en la primavera de 2004, indica que aún resta en la generalidad de la población un considerable conocimiento de un cierto número de enfermedades populares, y en concreto de la denominada «Mal de ojo». A partir de los datos obtenidos mediante un grupo de discusión con mujeres que curan estas enfermedades, la realización de una serie de entrevistas a personas o bien muy familiarizadas con el Mal de ojo, o bien profanas en esta enfermedad pero que creen en ella, y finalmente una revisión de materiales de archivo. Este artículo describe un modelo actual explicativo del Mal de ojo y propone algunas hipótesis sobre la pervivencia de la creencia en esta y otras enfermedades populares.It might be assumed that in a situation of universal access to biomedical health care, as is the case in contemporary Spain, folk illness beliefs would have vanished. Field research conducted in the spring of 2004 in Andalusia showed considerable knowledge in the general population about a number of folk illnesses, including mal de ojo (evil eye). Based on a focus group conducted with traditional healers, as well as in-depth interviews with specialists in mal de ojo, in-depth interviews with lay people who believe in this illness, and review of archival materials, this paper describes the contemporary explanatory model of mal de ojo and offers some hypotheses as to why beliefs in this illness, and other folk illnesses, persist

Las enfermedades populares en la cultura española actual : un estudio comparado sobre el mal de ojo

Cabe suponer que cuando se goza de acceso universal a la sanidad, como sucede en la España contemporánea, la creencia en enfermedades populares termina desapareciendo. Sin embargo, una investigación de campo, desarrollada en el Suroeste de Andalucía en la primavera de 2004, indica que aún resta en la generalidad de la población un considerable conocimiento de un cierto número de enfermedades populares, y en concreto de la denominada «Mal de ojo». A partir de los datos obtenidos mediante un grupo de discusión con mujeres que curan estas enfermedades, la realización de una serie de entrevistas a personas o bien muy familiarizadas con el Mal de ojo, o bien profanas en esta enfermedad pero que creen en ella, y finalmente una revisión de materiales de archivo. Este artículo describe un modelo actual explicativo del Mal de ojo y propone algunas hipótesis sobre la pervivencia de la creencia en esta y otras enfermedades populares.It might be assumed that in a situation of universal access to biomedical health care, as is the case in contemporary Spain, folk illness beliefs would have vanished. Field research conducted in the spring of 2004 in Andalusia showed considerable knowledge in the general population about a number of folk illnesses, including mal de ojo (evil eye). Based on a focus group conducted with traditional healers, as well as in-depth interviews with specialists in mal de ojo, in-depth interviews with lay people who believe in this illness, and review of archival materials, this paper describes the contemporary explanatory model of mal de ojo and offers some hypotheses as to why beliefs in this illness, and other folk illnesses, persist

Hemodynamic and metabolic changes during hypercapnia with normoxia and hyperoxia using pCASL and TRUST MRI in healthy adults

Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) or arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI with hypercapnic stimuli allow for measuring cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Hypercapnic stimuli are also employed in calibrated BOLD functional MRI for quantifying neuronally-evoked changes in cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO 2). It is often assumed that hypercapnic stimuli (with or without hyperoxia) are iso-metabolic; increasing arterial CO 2 or O 2 does not affect CMRO 2. We evaluated the null hypothesis that two common hypercapnic stimuli, 'CO 2 in air' and carbogen, are iso-metabolic. TRUST and ASL MRI were used to measure the cerebral venous oxygenation and cerebral blood flow (CBF), from which the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and CMRO 2 were calculated for room-air, 'CO 2 in air' and carbogen. As expected, CBF significantly increased (9.9% ± 9.3% and 12.1% ± 8.8% for 'CO 2 in air' and carbogen, respectively). CMRO 2 decreased for 'CO 2 in air' (-13.4% ± 13.0%, p < 0.01) compared to room-air, while the CMRO 2 during carbogen did not significantly change. Our findings indicate that 'CO 2 in air' is not iso-metabolic, while carbogen appears to elicit a mixed effect; the CMRO 2 reduction during hypercapnia is mitigated when including hyperoxia. These findings can be important for interpreting measurements using hypercapnic or hypercapnic-hyperoxic (carbogen) stimuli

An optimized nanoparticle delivery system based on chitosan and chondroitin sulfate molecules reduces the toxicity of amphotericin B and is effective in treating tegumentary leishmaniasis

Amphotericin B (AmpB) is active against leishmaniasis, but its use is hampered due to its high toxicity observed in patients. In this study, a nanoparticles-delivery system for AmpB (NQC-AmpB), containing chitosan and chondroitin sulfate molecules, was evaluated in BALB/c mice against Leishmania amazonensis. An in vivo biodistribution study, including biochemical and toxicological evaluations, was performed to evaluate the toxicity of AmpB. Nanoparticles were radiolabeled with technetium-99m and injected in mice. The products presented a similar biodistribution in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of the animals. Free AmpB induced alterations in the body weight of the mice, which, in the biochemical analysis, indicated hepatic and renal injury, as well as morphological damage to the kidneys of the animals. In general, no significant organic alteration was observed in the animals treated with NQC-AmpB. Mice were infected with L. amazonensis and treated with the nanoparticles or free AmpB; then, parasitological and immunological analyses were performed. The NQC-AmpB group, as compared to the control groups, presented significant reductions in the lesion size and in the parasite burden in all evaluated organs. These animals presented significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-12, and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10, when compared to the control groups. The NQC-AmpB system was effective in reducing the infection in the animals, and proved to be effective in diminishing the toxicity evoked by AmpB, which was observed when it was administered alone. In conclusion, NQC-AmpB could be considered a viable possibility for future studies in the treatment of leishmaniasisThis work was supported by grants from Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa from UFMG (Edital 01/2014), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-biofarmacêutica (INCT-Nanobiofar), FAPEMIG (CBB-APQ-00496-11 and CBB-APQ-00819-12), and CNPq (APQ-472090/2011-9 and APQ-482976/2012-8). MACF is a grant recipient of FAPEMIG/CAPES. EAFC, VNC, and AAGF are grant recipients of CNPq. Eduardo AF Coelho and André AG Faraco are co-senior authors of this stud

O Design Universal Para Apprendizagem e a Pedagogia das Estacoes: As Multiplas Temporalidades / Espacialidades do Aprender nas Escolas.

This article explores school inclusion processes, with a view to problematizing the learning hegemonies of time and space in educational institutions. It presents partial results of the research project; 'A Escola Para Todos' (The School for All) and responds to the question: How can Universal Design for Learning (UDL), which is somewhat similar to the 'pedagogy of the seasons,' qualify inclusive experiences in schools? By providing an integrative review of the salient features of UDL and pedagogy of the seasons, the paper questions the hegemony of time-space teaching and learning in schools by drawing on narrative theory. Methodologically, this part of the research provides an integrated reflection on critical conceptual attributes incorporating; UDL, the temporalities and spatialities of learning, and concepts of inclusive education. The results of this stage of the research show that it is necessary to overcome the hegemony of time and linear space in learning and teaching processes in order to arrive at school inclusion. Despite similarities between UDL and 'pedagogy of the seasons' tensions remain between these approaches. Not least as reflected in the overcoming of paradoxes such as the necessity to address universal requirements while also tending to particular learner requirements, or equally, while recognizing the variability of strategies without losing sight of more global pedagogical approaches. This challenge is accentuated when the UDL concept of 'expert learners' is further interrogated

Questões de política de língua no Brasil: problemas e implicações

O presente artigo apresenta uma série de ponderações sobre questões de política lingüística no Brasil. Parte-se do confronto ideológico entre lingüistas e gramáticos da mídia para traçar alguns dos problemas da área e suas implicações