Urine cytology screening of French workers exposed to occupational urinary tract carcinogens: a prospective cohort study over a 20-year period

Objectives To demonstrate that urine cytology screening can provide relevant epidemiological data for earlier detection of urothelial cancer caused by occupational exposure. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Industries using urothelial carcinogens in France. Urine samples were collected on site, after a work week and were analysed at the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France. Participants Participants were workers exposed to urothelial carcinogens. Women and current smokers at time of study recruitment were exclusion criteria. Outcomes Urine cells atypia were ranged into three classes: negative/normal, atypical/suspicious/ dysplasia or positive/malignant. Results We included 2020 workers over a period of 20 years from 1993 to 2013: 606 worked in rubber manufacturing, 692 from metal processing, 245 in chemical industry and 477 in roadwork and building industry. Workers had a mean exposure of 15.2±10.4 years before their first urine cytology screening. There was a mean of 3.4±4.3 urine cytology screenings per worker between 1993 and 2013. 6478 cytology were normal, 462 suspicious and 13 malignant. Suspicious and malignant cytology occurred in 4.8% of workers exposed for 1–10 years, 6.2% for 11–20 years of exposure, 7.6% for 21–30 years and 8.6% for > 30 years (p 30 years of exposure. Using metal processing as reference, the risk of pathological urine cytology results increased for rubber manufacturing (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.65, p=0.02), with a trend for roadwork and building industry (OR=1.39, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.97, p=0.07) and for chemical industry (OR=1.34, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.93, p=0.11). Conclusions Urine cytology is a useful tool in occupational medicine. We promote new guidelines with an early screening of urothelial cancer by cytology, starting with beginning of exposure

A cross-sectional study to assess job strain of emergency healthcare workers by Karasek questionnaire: The SEEK study

BackgroundEmergency healthcare workers (eHCWs) are particularly at risk of stress, but data using the gold standard questionnaire of Karasek are scarce. We assessed the level of stress of eHCWs and aimed to compare it with the general population.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional nationwide study in French Emergency Departments (EDs), using the job-content questionnaire of Karasek, compared with the 25,000 answers in the French general population (controls from the SUMER study). The descriptions of job demand, job control, and social support were described as well as the prevalence of job strain and isostrain. Putative factors were searched using mixed-method analysis.ResultsA total of 166 eHCWs (37.9 ± 10.5 years old, 42% men) from five French EDs were included: 53 emergency physicians and 104 emergency paramedics, compared to 25,000 workers with other occupations. Job demand was highest for physicians (28.3 ± 3.3) and paramedics (25.9 ± 3.8), compared to controls (36.0 ± 7.2; p < 0.001). Job control was the lowest for physicians (61.2 ± 5.8) and paramedics (59.1 ± 6.8), compared to controls (70.4 ± 11.7; p < 0.001). Mean social support did not differ between groups (23.6 ± 3.4 for physicians, 22.6 ± 2.9 for paramedics, and 23.7 ± 3.6 for controls). The prevalence of job strain was massively higher for physicians (95.8%) and paramedics (84.8%), compared to controls (23.9%; p < 0.001), as well as for isostrain (45.1% for physicians, 56.8% for paramedics, and 14.3% for controls, p < 0.001). We did not find any significant impact of sociodemographic characteristics on job control, job demand, or social support.ConclusionEmergency healthcare workers have a dramatic rate of job strain, necessitating urgent promotion of policy to take care of them

Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Risque hémoragique sous anticoagulants : Vers une prise en charge personnalisée

Introduction. Given many risk factors that may influence the risk of hemorrhage underanticoagulant therapy, the concept of personalized medicine could have a favorableimpact in the overall management of these patients.Hypothesis and objective. The hypothesis of this thesis is that the use and analyze of "reallife" registries could allow to define hemorrhagic "profiles" allowing a personalizedmanagement of the patients.Material and method. This thesis work has used two real life registries, the RIETE registry(international, multicentric and prospective register) and RATED (monocentric register).Results. We showed the importance of biological database in the analysis of hemorrhagicevents under anticoagulants with a higher loss of coagulation factors in gastrointestinalbleeding compared with intracranial bleeding under AVK. Conversely, this bleeding risk istwo times lower in case of factor V Leiden mutation. Thanks to the RIETE registry, wewere interested in abnormal uterine bleeding under anticoagulant therapy (few studies inthe literature) with major uterine bleeding only for 0.17% of women. Then, we showed thatfragile patients (CrCl ≤50 mL / min, age ≥75 years or body weight ≤50 kg) have a 2-foldhigher risk for major bleeding. Finally, in order to show the complementarity between datafrom real life registries and randomized trial, we assessed patients normally excluded fromthese randomized trials and also showed a 4-fold higher bleeding risk in these excludedpatients.Conclusion. This thesis work allowed us to demonstrate the interest of working not only onoverall hemorrhages but on each type of hemorrhage separately, with a particular interestto create real life prospective registries with the implementation of bio-bank allowing amore personalized analysis of the intake of patients.Introduction. Devant les nombreux facteurs pouvant influencer le risque hémorragique despatients sous anticoagulant, le concept de médecine personnalisée pourrait avoir unimpact favorable dans la prise en charge globale de ces patients.Hypothèse et objectif. L’hypothèse de ce travail de thèse est que l’utilisation et l’analysede registre de « vraie vie » pourrait permettre de définir des « profils » hémorragique depatient permettant une prise en charge personnalisée des patients.Matériel et Méthode. Ce travail de thèse a utilisé deux registres de vraie vie, le registreRIETE (registre international multicentrique prospectif) et le registre RATED (registremonocentrique).Résultats. Nous avons montré l’importance du recueil biologique dans l’analyse desaccidents hémorragiques sous anticogulants avec une perte plus élevée de facteurs decoagulation, lors d’hémorragie gastro-intestinales par rapport aux intracraniennes sousAVK. A l’inverse, ce risque est diminué de moitié en cas de mutation du facteur V Leiden.Grâce au registre RIETE, nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux métrorragies sousanticoagulant (peu décrites dans la littérature) où seulement 0,17% des femmesprésentaient des saignements utérins majeurs. Nous avons par la suite montré que lespatients fragiles (CrCl ≤50 mL / min, un âge ≥75 ans ou un poids corporel ≤50 kg) ont unrisque deux fois plus élevé de saignement grave. Enfin, afin de montrer lacomplémentarité des registres de vraie vie et des données d’essais randomisés, nousnous sommes intéressés aux patients exclus de ces essais randomisés et avons montréégalement un risque hémorragique 4 fois plus élevé.Conclusion. Ce travail de thèse a permis de démontrer l’intérêt de travailler non pastoutes hémorragies confondues mais hémorragies par hémorragies, avec un intérêt deréalisation de registres prospectifs de vraie vie avec la mise en oeuvre de bio-banquepermettant une analyse plus personnalisée de la prise en charge des patients

Bleeding risk related to anticoagulant agent : Towards a personalized medicine.

Introduction. Devant les nombreux facteurs pouvant influencer le risque hémorragique despatients sous anticoagulant, le concept de médecine personnalisée pourrait avoir unimpact favorable dans la prise en charge globale de ces patients.Hypothèse et objectif. L’hypothèse de ce travail de thèse est que l’utilisation et l’analysede registre de « vraie vie » pourrait permettre de définir des « profils » hémorragique depatient permettant une prise en charge personnalisée des patients.Matériel et Méthode. Ce travail de thèse a utilisé deux registres de vraie vie, le registreRIETE (registre international multicentrique prospectif) et le registre RATED (registremonocentrique).Résultats. Nous avons montré l’importance du recueil biologique dans l’analyse desaccidents hémorragiques sous anticogulants avec une perte plus élevée de facteurs decoagulation, lors d’hémorragie gastro-intestinales par rapport aux intracraniennes sousAVK. A l’inverse, ce risque est diminué de moitié en cas de mutation du facteur V Leiden.Grâce au registre RIETE, nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux métrorragies sousanticoagulant (peu décrites dans la littérature) où seulement 0,17% des femmesprésentaient des saignements utérins majeurs. Nous avons par la suite montré que lespatients fragiles (CrCl ≤50 mL / min, un âge ≥75 ans ou un poids corporel ≤50 kg) ont unrisque deux fois plus élevé de saignement grave. Enfin, afin de montrer lacomplémentarité des registres de vraie vie et des données d’essais randomisés, nousnous sommes intéressés aux patients exclus de ces essais randomisés et avons montréégalement un risque hémorragique 4 fois plus élevé.Conclusion. Ce travail de thèse a permis de démontrer l’intérêt de travailler non pastoutes hémorragies confondues mais hémorragies par hémorragies, avec un intérêt deréalisation de registres prospectifs de vraie vie avec la mise en oeuvre de bio-banquepermettant une analyse plus personnalisée de la prise en charge des patients.Introduction. Given many risk factors that may influence the risk of hemorrhage underanticoagulant therapy, the concept of personalized medicine could have a favorableimpact in the overall management of these patients.Hypothesis and objective. The hypothesis of this thesis is that the use and analyze of "reallife" registries could allow to define hemorrhagic "profiles" allowing a personalizedmanagement of the patients.Material and method. This thesis work has used two real life registries, the RIETE registry(international, multicentric and prospective register) and RATED (monocentric register).Results. We showed the importance of biological database in the analysis of hemorrhagicevents under anticoagulants with a higher loss of coagulation factors in gastrointestinalbleeding compared with intracranial bleeding under AVK. Conversely, this bleeding risk istwo times lower in case of factor V Leiden mutation. Thanks to the RIETE registry, wewere interested in abnormal uterine bleeding under anticoagulant therapy (few studies inthe literature) with major uterine bleeding only for 0.17% of women. Then, we showed thatfragile patients (CrCl ≤50 mL / min, age ≥75 years or body weight ≤50 kg) have a 2-foldhigher risk for major bleeding. Finally, in order to show the complementarity between datafrom real life registries and randomized trial, we assessed patients normally excluded fromthese randomized trials and also showed a 4-fold higher bleeding risk in these excludedpatients.Conclusion. This thesis work allowed us to demonstrate the interest of working not only onoverall hemorrhages but on each type of hemorrhage separately, with a particular interestto create real life prospective registries with the implementation of bio-bank allowing amore personalized analysis of the intake of patients

Etude rétrospective sur 3 mois de la prise en charge des épistaxis aux urgences du CHU de Clermont-Ferrand et analyse à un mois des récidives précoces

Les épistaxis récurrentes représentent la plus fréquente des urgences ORL. En effet 60% de la population générale aurait déjà souffert d'une épistaxis au moins une fois dans leur vie. Paradoxalement 5 à 10% d'entre elles nécessitent une prise en charge médicale et seulement 0,5 à 1% des épistaxis seront prises en charge par un oto-rhino-laryngologiste. De nombreuses études ont démontrés que plus de 80% de toutes les épistaxis proviendraient de la région antérieure du septum nasal au niveau du plexus de Kiesselbach, zone facilement accessible à une thérapeutique non invasive. Quand est-il du suivi des patients ayant bénéficiés d'un traitement de leur épistaxis au CHRU de Clermont-Ferrand ? Nous avons effectué une étude rétrospective monocentrique observationnelle, sur une période de 3 mois avec suivi d'une cohorte de 59 patients sur un mois. Nous avons ensuite recontacté ces patients, un mois après leur passage aux urgences (représentant la période propice aux récidives précoces), pour noter la survenue d'une récidive durant cette période. L'analyse statistique des données s'est faite par comparaison de 2 sous groupes (l'un présentant une récidive précoce et l'autre non). Pratiquement la moitié des patients ont un traitement modifiant la coagulation sanguine. Le méchage antérieur est majoritairement réalisé par un méchage de type Merocel® dans notre service des urgences. L'antibiothérapie préventive, utilisée lors d'un méchage antérieur, ne représente que 61% des patients méchés. Le taux de récidive précoce est de 30% et le pourcentage de patients méchés consultant un spécialiste de 36%. Notre étude trouve ses limites statistiques dans le nombre de perdus de vues probablement trop important puisqu'il atteint 20%. Le faible taux de rechute à un mois peut s'expliquer par l'utilisation quasi systématique d'un type de méchage antérieur et par le recours important au spécialiste lors de la phase délicate du déméchage.CLERMONT FD-BCIU-Santé (631132104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

At-risk and intervention thresholds of occupational stress using a visual analogue scale.

The visual analogue scale (VAS) is widely used in clinical practice by occupational physicians to assess perceived stress in workers. However, a single cut-off (black-or-white decision) inadequately discriminates between workers with and without stress. We explored an innovative statistical approach to distinguish an at-risk population among stressed workers, and to establish a threshold over which an action is urgently required, via the use of two cut-offs.Participants were recruited during annual work medical examinations by a random sample of workers from five occupational health centres. We previously proposed a single cut-off of VAS stress in comparison with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS14). Similar methodology was used in the current study, along with a gray zone approach. The lower limit of the gray zone supports sensitivity ("at-risk" threshold; interpreted as requiring closer surveillance) and the upper limit supports specificity (i.e. "intervention" threshold-emergency action required).We included 500 workers (49.6% males), aged 40±11 years, with a PSS14 score of 3.8±1.4 and a VAS score of 4.0±2.4. Using a receiver operating characteristic curve and the PSS cut-off score of 7.2, the optimal VAS threshold was 6.8 (sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.87). The lower and upper thresholds of the gray zone were 5 and 8.2, respectively.We identified two clinically relevant cut-offs on the VAS of stress: a first cut-off of 5.0 for an at-risk population, and a second cut-off of 8.2 over which an action is urgently required. Future investigations into the relationships between this upper threshold and deleterious events are required

Effects of a Short Daytime Nap on the Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Napping in the workplace is under debate, with interesting results on work efficiency and well-being of workers. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the benefits of a short daytime nap on cognitive performance. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and PsycInfo databases were searched until 19 August 2021. Cognitive performance in working-aged adults, both before and following a daytime nap or under control conditions (no nap), was analysed by time and by type of cognitive function (alertness, executive function and memory). Results: We included 11 studies (all in laboratory conditions including one with a subgroup in working conditions) for a total of 381 participants. Mean duration of nap was 55.4 ± 29.4 min. Overall cognitive performance did not differ at baseline (t0) between groups (effect size −0.03, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.07), and improved in the nap group following the nap (t1) (0.18, 0.09 to 0.27), especially for alertness (0.29, 0.10 to 0.48). Sensitivity analyses gave similar results comparing only randomized controlled trials, and after exclusion of outliers. Whatever the model used, performance mainly improved until 120 min after nap, with conflicting results during the sleep inertia period. Early naps in the afternoon (before 1.00 p.m.) gave better cognitive performance (0.24, −0.07 to 0.34). The benefits of napping were independent of sex and age. Duration of nap and time between nap and t1 did not influence cognitive performance. Conclusions: Despite the fact that our meta-analyses included almost exclusively laboratory studies, daytime napping in the afternoon improved cognitive performance with beneficial effects of early nap. More studies in real work condition are warranted before implementing daytime napping at work as a preventive measure to improve work efficiency

Leptin as a Biomarker of Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International audienceBackground: Leptin is a satiety hormone mainly produced by white adipose tissue. Decreasing levels have been described following acute stress. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if leptin can be a biomarker of stress, with levels decreasing following acute stress. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched to obtain all articles studying leptin levels after acute stress on 15 February 2021. We included articles reporting leptin levels before and after acute stress (physical or psychological) and conducted random effects meta-analysis (DerSimonian and Laird approach). We conducted Meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses after exclusion of groups outside the metafunnel. Results: We included seven articles—four cohort and three case-control studies—(28 groups) from 27,983 putative articles. Leptin levels decreased after the stress intervention (effect size = −0.34, 95%CI −0.66 to −0.02) compared with baseline levels, with a greater decrease after 60 min compared to mean decrease (−0.45, −0.89 to −0.01) and in normal weight compared to overweight individuals (−0.79, −1.38 to −0.21). There was no difference in the overweight population. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated similar results. Levels of leptin after stress decreased with sex ratio—i.e., number of men/women—(−0.924, 95%CI −1.58 to −0.27) and increased with the baseline levels of leptin (0.039, 0.01 to 0.07). Conclusions: Leptin is a biomarker of stress, with a decrease following acute stress. Normal-weight individuals and women also have a higher variation of leptin levels after stress, suggesting that leptin may have implications in obesity development in response to stress in a sex-dependent manner