ESS Instrument Construction Proposal CAMEA

We propose the construction of a highly innovative spectrometer – CAMEA – offering Continuous Angular and Multiple Energy Analysis. Combining indirect time-of flight with multiple consecutive analyser arrays, this instrument will provide massive flux on the sample and strongly enhanced efficiency in detecting neutrons scattered in the horizontal scattering. The combination yields a spectrometer with completely unprecedented performance - with gains from 2 up to 4 orders of magnitude compared to current state of the art

CAMEA – Continuous Angle Multi-Energy Analysis – An Inelastic Neutron Spectrometer for the European Spallation Source - Final Report

CAMEA is an indirect geometry spectrometer conceived by a Danish (Copenhagen University, Technical University of Denmark) and Swiss (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Paul Scherrer Insitut) Collaboration for the European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund, Sweden. The CAMEA instrument concept has been selected for construction at the ESS, subject to a feasibility study. This document is the final report for the concept phase of the CAMEA instrument project for the European Spallation Source. The material contained within this report represents updated versions of all of the reports submitted for the instrument proposal to the ESS, from which CAMEA was selected for construction

Prototype of the novel CAMEA concept—A backend for neutron spectrometers

The continuous angle multiple energy analysis concept is a backend for both time-of-flight and analyzer-based neutron spectrometers optimized for neutron spectroscopy with highly efficient mapping in the horizontal scattering plane. The design employs a series of several upward scattering analyzer arcs placed behind each other, which are set to different final energies allowing a wide angular coverage with multiple energies recorded simultaneously. For validation of the concept and the model calculations, a prototype was installed at the Swiss neutron source SINQ, Paul Scherrer Institut. The design of the prototype, alignment and calibration procedures, experimental results of background measurements, and proof-of-concept inelastic measurements on LiHoF4 and h-YMnO3 are presented here

Lattice instability in supersaturated solid solutions

The influence of disorder is an important area in materials research. A supersaturated solid solution is in a metastable state, in which the host lattice is forced to solve guest atoms over the thermodynamical stability limit. The guest atoms are point defects, which amount can be varied by changing the concentration. The increasing amount of point defects makes the lattice unstable against schare, which may ends up in an order-disorder transition. In this work especially the lattice dynamics was studied at the atomic level by means of inelastic neutron scattering. In case of both studied systems (ZrAl, CuFe) a softening of especially the tranverse phonons could be shown, which supports the existing theory.Der Einfluß von Unordnung ist ein wichtiges Forschungsgebiet der Materialwissenschaft. Bei übersättigten festen Lösungen handelt es sich um einen metastabilen Zustand, bei dem das Wirtsgitter gezwungen ist, mehr Fremdatome aufzunehmen, als thermodynamisch stabil ist. Die Fremdatome im Wirtsgitter sind Punktdefekte, deren Menge mit der Konzentration variiert werden kann. Die Zunahme substitutionaler Defekte bewirkt eine Gitterinstabilität gegenüber Scherkräften und anschliessend möglicherweise einen Ordnungs - Unordnungs - Übergang. In dieser Arbeit wurden vor allem dynamische Aspekte betrachtet: die Gitterdynamik wurde auf atomarer Ebene mittels inelastischer Neutronenstreuung untersucht. Bei beiden untersuchten Systemen (ZrAl, CuFe) konnte ein Weichwerden (softening) von Phononen beobachtet werden, insbesondere von transversalen Moden, die einen direkten Nachweis der oben erwähnten Gitterinstabilität ergeben

Dynamics of supercooled water in highly compacted clays studied by neutron scattering

The freezing behavior of water confined in compacted charged and uncharged clays (montmorillonite in Na-and Ca-forms, illite in Na-and Ca-forms, kaolinite and pyrophyllite) was investigated by neutron scattering. Firstly, the amount of frozen (immobile) water was measured as a function of temperature at the IN16 backscattering spectrometer, Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL). Water in uncharged, partly hydrophobic (kaolinite) and fully hydrophobic (pyrophyllite) clays exhibited a similar freezing and melting behavior to that of bulk water. In contrast, water in charged clays which are hydrophilic could be significantly supercooled. To observe the water dynamics in these clays, further experiments were performed using quasielastic neutron scattering. At temperatures of 250, 260 and 270 K the diffusive motion of water could still be observed, but with a strong reduction in the water mobility as compared with the values obtained above 273 K. The diffusion coefficients followed a non-Arrhenius temperature dependence well described by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann and the fractional power relations. The fits revealed that Na-and Ca-montmorillonite and Ca-illite have similar Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann temperatures (T-VFT, often referred to as the glass transition temperature) of similar to 120 K and similar temperatures at which the water undergoes the 'strong-fragile' transition, T-s similar to 210 K. On the other hand, Na-illite had significantly larger values of T-VFT similar to 180 K and T-s similar to 240 K. Surprisingly, Ca-illite has a similar freezing behavior of water to that of montmorillonites, even though it has a rather different structure. We attribute this to the stronger hydration of Ca ions as compared with the Na ions occurring in the illite clays