Efektivitas Pembelajaran Fisika melalui Pendekatan Open-ended pada Materi Listrik Dinamis terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Fisika Siswa di Sman 10 Pekanbaru

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of physics learning by open-ended approach in lesson dynamic electric to students' physics concept comprehension in class X5 IPA SMAN 10 Pekanbaru. The subjects were students of class X5 IPA and class X3 IPA. Class X5 IPA as eksperiment's class totalling 40 students, consisting of 12 male students and 28 female students. While class X3 IPA as control's class totalling 39 students, consisting of 16 male students and 23 female students. The instrument of data collection in this study is the concept comprehension test consists of 7 essay questions. Analysis of the data in this study are a descriptive analysis to see an over view of the results of the students' physics concept comprehension by using the criteria of absorption and the effectiveness and it is a inferential analysis to know there is no difference between physics learning by open-ended approach with physics learning by conventional to students' physics concept comprehension. The analysis of the data showed: absorption eksperiment's class average is 80,71% with a good category, otherwise learning effectiveness declared in effective. While absorption control's class average is 75,46% with a good category, otherwise learning effectiveness declared in effective and there is difference between physics learning by open-ended approach with physics learning by conventional to students' physics concept comprehension. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that physics learning by open-ended approach is could be used in learning process class X5 IPA SMAN 10 Pekanbaru

Penilaian Harga Saham Perusahaan Pembiayaan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The purpose of multi finance companies' stock price valuation is to know their intrinsic values by performing fundamental analysis using dividend discount model, free cash flow to the firm model, free cash flow to equity model, and residual income model. Research data uses secondary data in the period of 2006-2010 which consists of Indonesian Stock Price Composite Index (IHSG), and multi finance companies' stock prices taken from Yahoo Finance; multi finance companies' financial statements taken from Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) reports; multi finance industry data taken from Bapepam-LK. As a result of research, stock of ADMF is fair valued by using the analysis of dividenddiscount model; undervalued by using the analysis of free cash flow to the firm and free cash flow to equity models; overvalued by using the analysis of residual income model. Stock of BFIN is undervalued by using the analysis of dividend discount, free cash flow to the firm, and free cash flow to equity models; overvalued by using the analysis of residual income model. Stock of MFIN is overvalued by using the analysis of dividend discountand residual income models; undervalued by using the analysis of free cash flow to the firm and free cash flow to equity models. Statistic t-test shows that there are no significant differences to value stock prices using dividend discount, free cash flow to the firm, free cash flow to equity, and residual income models, therefore investment analyst or investor may use one of the chosen stock price valuation model

PERUBAHAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIAWI SELAMA PROSES FERMENTASI BIJI KAKAO SEGAR: Changes in Physical-Chemical Properties During The Fresh Cocoa Fermentation Process

Cocoa is a plantation commodity that requires fermentation to improve the quality of flavor and aroma. Research on changes in physical and chemical properties during the spontaneous fermentation process of fresh cocoa beans for weight scales of 20, 40 and 60 kg have been carried out. This study aims to obtain information as an indicator of the success rate of the fermentation process of fresh cocoa beans, both on a small and large scale. The fermentation process lasts for 6 days with stirring starting on the second day until the sixth day, with an interval of 24 hours. The study design uses a randomized block design method (RBD) with two factors, namely the weight scale of seeds per box and fermentation time with three replications. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the observed parameter indicators, namely temperature, pH and total acid, there was no significant difference in the profile of the physico-chemical properties during the fermentation process between the three weight scale levels. The physico-chemical condition shows a straight relationship with the quality of fermented cocoa beans, in accordance with the results of the cut test.Kakao merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang membutuhkan proses fermentasi untuk memperbaiki mutu citarasa dan aromanya. Penelitian tentang perubahan profil sifat fisiko-kimia selama proses fermentasi spontan biji kakao segar untuk skala berat 20, 40 dan 60 kg telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi sebagai indikator tingkat keberhasilan proses fermentasi biji kakao segar, baik pada skala kecil maupun besar. Proses fermentasi berlangsung selama 6 hari dengan pengadukan dimulai pada hari kedua hingga hari keenam, dengan selang waktu 24 jam. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola petak terpisah dengan 2 faktor, yaitu skala berat biji per kotak dan waktu fermentasi dengan tiga kali ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan indikator parameter yang diamati, yaitu suhu, pH dan total asam, tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata profil perubahan sifat fisiko-kimia selama proses fermentasi berlangsung diantara ketiga tingkat skala berat tersebut. Kondisi sifat fisiko-kimia tersebut memperlihatkan hubungan yang lurus dengan mutu biji kakao fermentasinya, sesuai dengan hasil cut testnya

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Preferentially Grows as Aggregates in Liquid Batch Cultures and Disperses upon Starvation

In both natural and artificial environments, bacteria predominantly grow in biofilms, and bacteria often disperse from biofilms as freely suspended single-cells. In the present study, the formation and dispersal of planktonic cellular aggregates, or ‘suspended biofilms’, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in liquid batch cultures were closely examined, and compared to biofilm formation on a matrix of polyester (PE) fibers as solid surface in batch cultures. Plankton samples were analyzed by laser-diffraction particle-size scanning (LDA) and microscopy of aggregates. Interestingly, LDA indicated that up to 90% of the total planktonic biomass consisted of cellular aggregates in the size range of 10–400 µm in diameter during the growth phase, as opposed to individual cells. In cultures with PE surfaces, P. aeruginosa preferred to grow in biofilms, as opposed to planktonicly. However, upon carbon, nitrogen or oxygen limitation, the planktonic aggregates and PE-attached biofilms dispersed into single cells, resulting in an increase in optical density (OD) independent of cellular growth. During growth, planktonic aggregates and PE-attached biofilms contained densely packed viable cells and extracellular DNA (eDNA), and starvation resulted in a loss of viable cells, and an increase in dead cells and eDNA. Furthermore, a release of metabolites and infective bacteriophage into the culture supernatant, and a marked decrease in intracellular concentration of the second messenger cyclic di-GMP, was observed in dispersing cultures. Thus, what traditionally has been described as planktonic, individual cell cultures of P. aeruginosa, are in fact suspended biofilms, and such aggregates have behaviors and responses (e.g. dispersal) similar to surface associated biofilms. In addition, we suggest that this planktonic biofilm model system can provide the basis for a detailed analysis of the synchronized biofilm life cycle of P. aeruginosa

Assessment of the quality of measures of child oral health-related quality of life

Background Several measures of oral health-related quality of life have been developed for children. The most frequently used are the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ), the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) and the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP). The aim of this study was to assess the methodological quality of the development and testing of these three measures. Methods A systematic search strategy was used to identify eligible studies published up to December 2012, using both MEDLINE and Web of Science. Titles and abstracts were read independently by two investigators and full papers retrieved where the inclusion criteria were met. Data were extracted by two teams of two investigators using a piloted protocol. The data were used to describe the development of the measures and their use against existing criteria. The methodological quality and measurement properties of the measures were assessed using standards proposed by the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) group. Results The search strategy yielded 653 papers, of which 417 were duplicates. Following analysis of the abstracts, 119 papers met the inclusion criteria. The majority of papers reported cross-sectional studies (n = 117) with three of longitudinal design. Fifteen studies which had used the original version of the measures in their original language were included in the COSMIN analysis. The most frequently used measure was the CPQ. Reliability and construct validity appear to be adequate for all three measures. Children were not fully involved in item generation which may compromise their content validity. Internal consistency was measured using classic test theory with no evidence of modern psychometric techniques being used to test unidimensionality of the measures included in the COSMIN analysis. Conclusion The three measures evaluated appear to be able to discriminate between groups. CPQ has been most widely tested and several versions are available. COHIP employed a rigorous development strategy but has been tested in fewer populations. C-OIDP is shorter and has been used successfully in epidemiological studies. Further testing using modern psychometric techniques such as item response theory is recommended. Future developments should also focus on the development of measures which can evaluate longitudinal change

Investigating The Improvement Of Degradation Resistant With The Addition Of SDBS Anionic Surfactant To Peo Polymer

Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) is one of the most common drag reduction agents. However, its ability to reduce drag in turbulent flow decreases with the time due to the degradation of its molecules. Thus, the enhancement of its degradation resistance by the addition of Anionic surfactant is presented. The Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was used in different concentration ranges from 10 to 60 ppm and with addition of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as the anionic surfactant with five concentrations between 100 to 500 ppm. The degradation measurements were done using rotating disk apparatus (RDA). The RDA results have shown a considerable improvement in the degradation resistance of PEO with the addition of surfactant to the polymer solution. The interaction between the polymer and the surfactant results in transferring the polymer chain from coil to straight-like body. Thus, enhance the polymer degradation resistant ability

Not Available

Not AvailableThe in vitro antioxidant potential and in vivo radioprotective ability of soy isoflavones was studied. Male Wistar rats were orally administered with soybean isoflavones (60 mg/kg) for 21 days followed by gamma irradiation exposure. Survival studies in rats exposed at 10 Gy and endogenous spleen colony forming unit assay (CFU) at 6.0 Gy were performed in order to find radioprotective and immunomodulatory nature of the compound. The rat liver post mitochondrial supernatant and erythrocytes were used to measure lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) content along with various antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) after gamma irradiation exposure at 2.0 Gy. Pretreatment with soy isoflavone, prior to gamma irradiation resulted in the increased survival rate of the animals as compared to irradiated group. CFU counts in the isoflavone treated group followed by gamma irradiation at 6 Gy were significantly high as compared to control and the irradiated group, showing immunomodulatory nature of the isoflavones. Pretreatment with isoflavones also significantly reduced the LPO, enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and improved haematological and histological parameters. The present study suggests that supplementation with isoflavone has potent antioxidant activity and act as probable radioprotector against gamma radiation induced oxidative damage.Not Availabl