Thermodynamics properties of RbH(2)AsO(4)

Calorimetric and dielectric measurements have been made on RbH(2)AsO(4), in the vicinity of the temperature of the ferroelectric transition 109.75 K. The transition is found to be first order with latent heat 255 +/- 5 J/moule. The total transition entropy is found to be 0.50R. The Curie constant is found to be 223 K. these results differ considerably from the predictions of the conventional static hydrogen-bond-occupational model, a fact which can be interpreted as demonstrating that dynamic effects are more important in RbH(2)AsO(4) than is KH(2)AsO(4).Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Atmosphere-Ocean Ozone Exchange – A Global Modeling Study of Biogeochemical, Atmospheric and Water-Side Turbulence Dependencies

The significance of the removal of tropospheric ozone by the oceans, covering ~2/3 of the Earth's surface, has only been addressed in a few studies involving water tank, aircraft, and tower flux measurements. On the basis of results from these few observations of the ozone dry deposition velocity (VdO3), atmospheric chemistry models generally apply an empirical, constant ocean uptake rate of 0.05 cm s-1. This value is substantially smaller than the atmospheric turbulent transport velocity for ozone. On the other hand, the uptake is higher than expected from the solubility of ozone in clean water alone, suggesting that there is an enhancement in oceanic ozone uptake, e.g., through a chemical destruction mechanism. We present an evaluation of a global-scale analysis with a new mechanistic representation of atmosphere-ocean ozone exchange. The applied atmosphere chemistry-climate model includes not only atmospheric but also waterside turbulence and the role of waterside chemical loss processes as a function of oceanic biogeochemistry. The simulations suggest a larger role of biogeochemistry in tropical and subtropical ozone oceanic uptake with a relative small temporal variability, whereas in midlatitude and high-latitude regions, highly variable ozone uptake rates are expected because of the stronger influence of waterside turbulence. Despite a relatively large range in the explicitly calculated ocean uptake rate, there is a surprisingly small sensitivity of simulated Marine Boundary Layer ozone concentrations compared to the sensitivity for the commonly applied constant ocean uptake approach. This small sensitivity points at compensating effects through inclusion of the process-based ocean uptake mechanisms to consider variability in oceanic O3 deposition consistent with that in atmospheric and oceanic physical, chemical, and biological processe

Atmospheric marine boundary layer measurements in the vicinity of San Nicolas Island during CEWCOM-78

This is a report on the boundary layer aspects of the NPS participation in CEWCOM-78. The primary purpose of the experiment was to determine how representative San Nicolas Island is of an open ocean marine boundary layer and to examine the validity of boundary layer measurements at the NRL tower on the NW tip of the island. Under favorable wind conditions (NW) the turbulence and profile structure of the boundary layer near SNI was characteristic of typical marine conditions. A comparison of simultaneous measurements at the NRL tower and the R/V ACANIA indicated considerable shoreline influence on the velocity fluctuations (U* or epsilon) and the mean wind speed (U) but essentially no influence on temperature fluctuations (CT2). Using the bulk method to calculate T* and xi from the ACANIA data, the actual measurements of CT2 could be predicted to within about a factor of twoNaval Air Systems Command (AIR 3706) Washington, DC and Naval Ocean Systems Center (EOMET).http://archive.org/details/atmosphericmarin00fairN00019-78-WR-81002, N66001-78-WR-00156NAApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

California coastal offshore transport and diffusion experiments meteorological conditions and data

Four series of tracer experiments have been performed to parameterize an overwater-coastal transport and diffusion model. The experiment were carried out in the winter and summer near Ventura, CA and Pismo beach, CA. The tracer gas SF6 was released from the research ship RV/Acania, which also collected and extensive amount of overwater meteorological data. This report contains descriptions of all experiments, the overwater meteorological data, and calculated meteorological parameters that are needed to characterize the transport and diffusion. (Author)Prepared for: Outer Continental Shelf Office, Minerals Management Service, Los Angeles, CA.N6600l82WROOO17Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Continuous observations of the surface energy budget and meteorology over the Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC

The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) was a yearlong expedition supported by the icebreaker R/V Polarstern, following the Transpolar Drift from October 2019 to October 2020. The campaign documented an annual cycle of physical, biological, and chemical processes impacting the atmosphere-ice-ocean system. Of central importance were measurements of the thermodynamic and dynamic evolution of the sea ice. A multi-agency international team led by the University of Colorado/CIRES and NOAA-PSL observed meteorology and surface-atmosphere energy exchanges, including radiation; turbulent momentum flux; turbulent latent and sensible heat flux; and snow conductive flux. There were four stations on the ice, a 10 m micrometeorological tower paired with a 23/30 m mast and radiation station and three autonomous Atmospheric Surface Flux Stations. Collectively, the four stations acquired ~928 days of data. This manuscript documents the acquisition and post-processing of those measurements and provides a guide for researchers to access and use the data products

Atmospheric Optical Propagation Comparisons during MAGAT-80

There are three atmospheric processes responsible for the degradation of the transmission of optical images and electro-optical energy: aerosol extinction, molecular absorption, and turbulent distortion (scintillation and beam wander). As a part of the Monterey Aerosol Generation and Transport experiment (MAGAT-80), light transmission characteristics (refractive-index) structure function parameter, C squared sub N, and total extinction coefficient were measured optically on a 13.3 km path across Monterey Bay. C squared sub N and can also be calculated from micrometeorological data (aerosol spectra, turbulence and mean meteorological parameters). This report is a compilation of the preliminary analysis of path-averaged (aircraft) and midpoint (ship) micrometeorological data, including calculations of the relevant optical parameters for comparison with the optical measurements.Naval Air Systems CommandNaval Material CommandNaval Environment Prediction Research FacilityNaval Postgraduate School No. N00014-78-20

Electrical conductivity of KH(2)AsO(4) and KD(2)AsO(4)

Measurements of the electrical conductivity of KH(2)AsO(4) and its deuterated isomorph have been performed from room temperatures to the temperature of their respective ferroelectric transitions. Activation energies of 0.66 and 0.64 eV have been found to characterize the temperature dependence of the conductivity for KH(2)AsO(4) and KD(2)AsO(4), respectively. Further evidence that these materials display anomalously long polarization relaxation times near the temperature of the ferroelectric transition is presented and discussed. the nature of this behavior remains unexplained.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Hydrogen-bond configuration parameters for ferroelectrics isomorphic to KH(2)PO(4)

The small tunneling approximation to the hydrogen-bond-ordering model of ferroelectrics of the KH(2)PO(4) family has been fitted to experimental data for ferroelectrics with composition X Y(2) ZO(4) where X is K, Rb or Cs, Y is the proton or deuteron, and Z is P or As. In almost all cases a quite satisfactory account of the thermodynamic parameters is obtained. the required tunneling parameters are 0, or nearly so, for the deuterated compounds and seem nearly independent of the cation. The hydrogen-bond occupation energy associated with the lowest-energy "disordered" state varies nearly linearly with cation radius for each series of compounds. The results are consistent with the suggestion that the energy parameters of deuterated and nondeuterated materials should scale as the square of the off-center distance.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited