Chaos Image Encryption Methods: A Survey Study

With increasing dependence on communications over internet and networks, secure data transmission is coming under threat. One of the best solutions to ensure secure data transmissions is encryption. Multiple forms of data, such as text, audio, image, and video can be digitally transmitted, nowadays images being the most popular and old encryption techniques such as: AES,DES,RSA etc., show low security level when used for image encryption. This problem was resolved by using of chaos encryption which is an acceptable form of encryption for image data. The sensitivity to initial conditions and control parameters make chaos encryption suitable for image applications. This study discusses various chaos encryption techniques

Calculation of Wear Rate by Weight and Volume for Aluminum Samples

 تم التحقيق في طريقتين لحساب معدل التآكل بالوزن والحجم عمليا باستخدام عينات ألمنيوم مع حمل مختلف (500 جم، 1000 غرام، و1500 جم) ووقت اختبار مختلف (300 ثانية، 600 ثانية، و900 ثانية). تظهر النتيجة أنه عندما يزيد الحمل من 500 جم إلى 1500 جم فإن معدل التآكل بالوزن يزداد بنسبة (83٪ و80٪ و37٪) لوقت الاختبار (300s و600s و900s) على التوالي. كذلك، يزيد زمن الاختبار المتزايد من 300 إلى 900 ثانية من معدل التآكل حسب الوزن (216٪، 155٪، و136٪) للحمل (500 جرام، 1000 جرام، 1500 جرام) على التوالي. أيضا، عندما يزداد الحمل من 500 غم إلى 1500 غم معدل التآكل من خلال زيادة الحجم بنسبة (740 ٪، 612 ٪، و662 ٪) لوقت الاختبار (300s، 600s، و900 s) على التوالي. كذلك، يزيد زمن الاختبار المتزايد من 300 إلى 900 ثانية من معدل التآكل بالحجم بنسبة (152٪، 110٪، و128٪) للحمل (500 جرام، 1000 جرام، 1500 جرام) على التوالي.Two ways of calculating the wear rate was investigated experimentally by weight and volume using aluminum samples with different load (500g, 1000g, and 1500g) and different time of test (300 s, 600 s, and 900 s). The results show that, When the load increasing from 500 g to 1500 g the wear rate by weight increase by (83%, 80%, and 37%) for test time (300s, 600s, and 900s) respectively. Also, the increasing test time from 300s to 900 s causes increasing in wear rate by weight by (216%, 155%, and 136%) for load (500g, 1000g, and 1500g) respectively. Also, when the load increasing from 500 g to 1500 g the wear rate by volume increase by (740%, 612%, and 662%) for test time (300s, 600s, and 900s) respectively. Also, the increasing test time from 300s to 900 s causes increasing in wear rate by volume by (152%, 110%, and 128%) for load (500 g, 1000g, and 1500g) respectively

Effect of Season on some Biochemical Components of The Ovarian Follicular Fluid in Local Iraqi Ewes

أجريت التجربة في الكلية االتقنية المسيب / مختبر الفسلجة التابع لقسم تقنيات الانتاج الحيواني لقياس الصفات الكيموحيوية في مبايض الاغنام المحلية العراقية وجمعت لهذه الدراسة (50) جهاز تناسلي أنثوي للأغنام المحلية من مجزرة كربلاء والنجف  لموسمين: الموسم الاول (أب) للعام2021 والموسم الثاني (كانون الثاني) للعام2022. أظهرت النتائج وجود زيادة معنوية  P≤0.01)) للبروتين والكولوكوز والكولسترول والصوديوم ومعنوية P≤0.05))  للكالسيوم في الموسم الاول مقارنة بالموسم الثاني, وكانت الزيادة عالية المعنوية P≤0.05))  للبوتاسيوم في الموسم الثاني مقارنة بالموسم الاول .اما بالنسبة للمقارنة بين للفئات الحجمية وجود فروقات معنوية عالية في حجم الجريبات للفئة الاولى عند مستوى معنوية(P≤0.01) اذ بلغ في الموسم الاول 8 (32.00%) وفي الموسم الثاني 13 (52.00%) وأيضا وجد فروقات عالية المعنوية في حجم الجريبات للفئة الثانية اذ بلغ في الموسم الاول  11 (44.00%) وفي الموسم الثاني 6 (24.00%)  عند نفس مستوى المعنوية اما في الجريبات الفئة الثالثة  فلم تكن هناك فروقات معنوية اذ بلغ في الموسم الاول 6 (24.00%) وفي الموسم الثاني 6 (24.00%).كما أختلفت الفئات معنويا ضمن الموسم الواحد، فقد كانت الزيادة عالية المعنوية للفئة الثانية P≤0.01)) مقارنة ببقية الفئات ضمن الموسم الاول,اما في الموسم الثاني فقد كانت الزيادة عالية المعنوية P≤0.01)) للفئة الاولى مقارنة ببقية الفئات.This study was conducted in the technical college of Mussaib / department of Animal Production Techniques to investigate the effect of season on some follicular fluid biochemical parameters in the ovaries of the- . Fifty ovaries were collected from Karbala and Najaf butcheries for two seasons: the first season (August 2021) and the second season (January 2022). Moreover, collected follicles were divided according to their sizes into three groups (first group < 3 mm), (second group 3-5 mm), and (third group > 5mm) The results showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.01) for protein, glucose, cholesterol, and sodium, and a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) for calcium in the first season compared to the second season, and the significant increase was (P ≤ 0.05) for potassium in the second season compared to the first season. As for the follicles sizes the result exhibited, there were highly significant differences in the size of the follicles for the first group (< 3 mm ) P≤0.01, as it reached in the first season 8 (32.00%) and in the second season 13 (52.00%) and also found highly significant differences in the size of the follicles for the second group (3-5 mm) 11 (44.00%) in the first season and 6 (24.00%) in the second season (P≤0.01). for the follicles of the third group (> 5mm), there were no significant differences, as it reached 6 (24.00%) in the first season and 6 (24.00%) in the second season. The groups also differed significantly within the same season. The highly significant increase for the second group was (P≤0.01) compared to the rest of the groups within the first season, while in the second season, the high significant increase was for the first group (P≤0.01) compared to the rest of the groups

New Techniques of Weighted Sum Method for Solving Multi-Objective Geometric Programming Problems

أجريت هذه الدراسة في الكلية التقنية بالمسيب / قسم تقنيات الإنتاج الحيواني لبحث تأثير الموسم على بعض المتغيرات البيوكيميائية للسوائل الجريبية في مبايض النعاج العراقية المحلية. جمعت خمسون مبيض من جزار كربلاء والنجف لموسمين: الموسم الأول (آب 2021) والموسم الثاني (كانون الثاني 2022). علاوة على ذلك ، تم تقسيم البصيلات المجمعة حسب أحجامها إلى ثلاث مجموعات (المجموعة الأولى <3 مم)، (المجموعة الثانية 3-5 مم)، (المجموعة الثالثة> 5 مم) وأظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية (P 0.01) للبروتين. الجلوكوز والكوليسترول والصوديوم، وزيادة معنوية (P 0.05) للكالسيوم في الموسم الأول مقارنة بالموسم الثاني ، وكانت الزيادة المعنوية (P ≤ 0.05) للبوتاسيوم في الموسم الثاني مقارنة بالموسم الأول . أما بالنسبة لأحجام البصيلات التي أظهرتها النتيجة فقد كانت هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية كبيرة في حجم البصيلات للمجموعة الأولى (أقل من 3 مم) P≤0.01 حيث وصلت في الموسم الأول 8 (32.00٪) وفي الموسم الثاني. 13 (52.00٪) ووجدوا أيضا فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عالية في حجم البصيلات للمجموعة الثانية (3-5 ملم) 11 (44.00٪) في الموسم الأول و 6 (24.00٪) في الموسم الثاني ( (P≤0.01 أما بالنسبة لبصيلات المجموعة الثالثة (> 5 مم) فلم توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية حيث بلغت 6 (24.00٪) في الموسم الأول و 6 (24.00٪) في الموسم الثاني. كما اختلفت المجموعات بشكل كبير خلال نفس الموسم. كانت الزيادة ذات المعنوية العالية للمجموعة الثانية (P≤0.01) مقارنة بباقي المجموعات خلال الموسم الأول، بينما في الموسم الثاني كانت الزيادة العالية ذات المعنوية العالية للمجموعة الأولى (P≤0.01) مقارنة بباقي المجموعات. من المجموعات.This study was conducted in the technical college of Mussaib / department of Animal Production Techniques to investigate the effect of season on some follicular fluid biochemical parameters in the ovaries of the-. Fifty ovaries were collected from Karbala and Najaf butcheries for two seasons: the first season (August 2021) and the second season (January 2022). Moreover, collected follicles were divided according to their sizes into three groups (first group < 3 mm), (second group 3-5 mm), and (third group > 5mm) The results showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.01) for protein, glucose, cholesterol, and sodium, and a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) for calcium in the first season compared to the second season, and the significant increase was (P ≤ 0.05) for potassium in the second season compared to the first season. As for the follicles sizes the result exhibited, there were highly significant differences in the size of the follicles for the first group (< 3 mm) P≤0.01, as it reached in the first season 8 (32.00%) and in the second season 13 (52.00%) and also found highly significant differences in the size of the follicles for the second group (3-5 mm) 11 (44.00%) in the first season and 6 (24.00%) in the second season (P≤0.01). for the follicles of the third group (> 5mm), there were no significant differences, as it reached 6 (24.00%) in the first season and 6 (24.00%) in the second season. The groups also differed significantly within the same season. The highly significant increase for the second group was (P≤0.01) compared to the rest of the groups within the first season, while in the second season, the high significant increase was for the first group (P≤0.01) compared to the rest of the group

Hexahydro-1,2,3-triazine Derivatives: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, Antibiofilm Activity and Study of Molecular Docking Against Glucosamine-6-Phosphate

The N,N',N''-trisubstituted hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives (3a–g) had been created and identified through infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry according to their symmetric basic structure. Three molecules of diverse aromatic amines and three molecules of formaldehyde were assembled in a "1+1+1+1+1+1" condensation reaction to produce hexahydrotriazines. Two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the produced compounds. The anti-biofilm activity of 3g against S. aureus was also examined. In this investigation, glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase was employed to investigate the binding affinity of 3g within the enzyme's binding site. The results demonstrated that most of the synthesized hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine compounds have mild antimicrobial effects in comparison with the commonly used drug ampicillin, whereas the compounds 3g are potentially anti-biofilm agents. Molecular docking with the Autodock 4.2 tool was applied to study the binding affinity. It was found to hit (3g) in the active center of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase as the target enzyme for antimicrobial agents. In silico studies reveal that the discovered hit is a promising glucosamine-6-phosphate inhibitor, as well as that the docking data matched up to the in vitro assay

A gray-scale image steganography techmique using fibonacci 12-bitplane decomposition and LSB approach

After the great expansion of internet, communications tends to be lifeblood, at the same time data protection became more critical issue, so the need to secure transfer channel is being more urgent, this goal achieved by applying one or more of data protection techniques. Steganography one of the most suitable solution for this problem, due to the good specification of concealing secret file inside cover image, in such way there is nobody even suspects the existence of transferred file. The main challenge in steganography methods is how to make balance between the quality of file that will be used to conceal the secret and the size of the secret file. Also there are another factors should be considered, which are, robustness and security against attacks. In this study Fibonacci numbers have been exploited to achieve these goals. Fibonacci numbers used to decompose the cover file into 12-bitplanes instead of 8-bitplanes produced by binary decomposition, the four extra layers will increase the capacity of cover image. The resulted 12-bitplanes, has special statistical nature in terms of distribution of black regions (zero values) and white regions (one values). This statistical nature has been exploited by modifying the binary representation of secret message to make matching between the representation of secret message and cover image to reduce the impact of embedding process on the resulted file (stego-image). By applying Fibonacci decomposition to the cover image, better results have been achieved in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR) which indicates the ability of embed more secret size with maintaining the quality of stego-image, also the security and robustness has been evaluated by applying chi-square attack, the result for this attacks show that Fibonacci LSB method is withstanding for such attack

A survey on various image deblurring methods

Image blur is one of the main types of degradation that reduces image quality. Image deblurring is an attempt to invert blurring process by using mathematical model to get best estimation of latent (sharp) image. Blurring can be modeled mathematically as a convolution process between two functions which are image and Point Spread Function (PSF). PSF can be classified into more than one type depending on the reason for blurring. Gaussian is the type of PSF this study will focus on, and an implementation of such PSF to compare different deblurring methods. Based on the availability of prior knowledge about the degradation kernel (PSF), the deblurring methods can be divided into two major categories which are non-blind deconvolution and blind-deconvolution. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM) are the tools used to estimate the performance of these methods

Fast Multi-User Searchable Encryption with Forward and Backward Private Access Control

Untrusted servers are servers or storage entities lacking complete trust from the data owner or users. This characterization implies that the server hosting encrypted data may not enjoy full trust from data owners or users, stemming from apprehensions related to potential security breaches, unauthorized access, or other security risks. The security of searchable encryption has been put into question by several recent attacks. Currently, users can search for encrypted documents on untrusted cloud servers using searchable symmetric encryption (SSE). This study delves deeply into two pivotal concepts of privacy within dynamic searchable symmetric encryption (DSSE) schemes: forward privacy and backward privacy. The former serves as a safeguard against the linkage of recently added documents to previously conducted search queries, whereas the latter guarantees the irretrievability of deleted documents in subsequent search inquiries. However, the provision of fine-grained access control is complex in existing multi-user SSE schemes. SSE schemes may also incur high computation costs due to the need for fine-grained access control, and it is essential to support document updates and forward privacy. In response to these issues, this paper suggests a searchable encryption scheme that uses simple primitive tools. We present a multi-user SSE scheme that efficiently controls access to dynamically encrypted documents to resolve these issues, using an innovative approach that readily enhances previous findings. Rather than employing asymmetric encryption as in comparable systems, we harness low-complexity primitive encryption tools and inverted index-based DSSE to handle retrieving encrypted files, resulting in a notably faster system. Furthermore, we ensure heightened security by refreshing the encryption key after each search, meaning that users are unable to conduct subsequent searches with the same key and must obtain a fresh key from the data owner. An experimental evaluation shows that our scheme achieves forward and Type II backward privacy and has much faster search performance than other schemes. Our scheme can be considered secure, as proven in a random oracle model

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally