30 research outputs found
First records of Pantophthalmidae (Insecta: Diptera) for the state of Tocantins, Brazil
Pantophthalmidae (Diptera) are recorded exclusively in the Neotropical Region. Despite the large size of adults, their species are often rare and poorly represented in entomological collections. Only two genera and 20 species are known, of which 12 are recorded in the five regions of Brazil. In the North region, the family is reported from all states, except in Tocantins. The present work provides the first records of the family for Tocantins, expanding the distribution of two species, Pantophthalmus kerteszianus (Enderlein, 1914) and P. tabaninus Thunberg, 1819. Both species are recorded for the first time in the Cerrado biome. In addition, we provide photographs of the species and a distribution map
Checklist of species of Pantophthalmidae and Stratiomyidae (Diptera, Stratiomyioidea) of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Nesse artigo Ă© fornecida uma lista de espĂ©cies de Pantophthalmidae e Stratiomyidae registradas no estado Mato Grosso do Sul. Apenas uma espĂ©cie de Pantophthalmidae possui registro para o estado. Stratiomyidae Ă© representada por 12 espĂ©cies distribuĂdas em nove gĂŞneros: Acrochaeta Wiedemann (1), Artemita Walker (1), Neochauna Williston (1), Chrysochlorina James (3), Cyphomyia Wiedemann (1), Hermetia Latreille (2), Ptecticus Loew (1), Sargus Fabricius (1), and Hoplitimyia James (1).In this paper we provided a checklist of the Pantophthalmidae and Stratiomyidae species registered in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Only one species of Pantophthamildae is recorded for the state. Stratiomyidae is represented by 12 species in nine genera: Acrochaeta Wiedemann (1), Artemita Walker (1), Neochauna Williston (1), Chrysochlorina James (3), Cyphomyia Wiedemann (1), Hermetia Latreille (2), Ptecticus Loew (1), Sargus Fabricius (1), and Hoplitimyia James (1)
Checklist of the dipterofauna (Insecta) from Roraima, Brazil, with special reference to the Brazilian Ecological Station of Maracá
Roraima is a Brazilian state located in the northern portion of the Amazon basin, with few studies regarding its biodiversity. The Ecological Station of Maracá (Brazil, state of Roraima) harbors the third largest Brazilian pluvial island and is composed of a transitional landscape of savanna and Amazon rainforest components. Despite its ecological importance and strategic localization, few studies covered the dipterofauna of this locality. An updated checklist addressing 41 families of true flies (Diptera) occurring in Roraima is presented based on the literature and the specimens collected during a field expedition that occurred in 2015. This checklist brings several improvements such as new records of 165 taxa to the state of Roraima, 29 taxa to Brazil, and 259 morphotypes, mostly likely representing undescribed species
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
A new species of the rare Neotropical genus Auloceromyia Lindner, 1969 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) and the first record of the male of A. pedunculata Pimentel & Pujol-Luz, 2000
Fachin, Diego Aguilar (2015): A new species of the rare Neotropical genus Auloceromyia Lindner, 1969 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) and the first record of the male of A. pedunculata Pimentel & Pujol-Luz, 2000. Zootaxa 4020 (3): 554-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.3.
FAMILY XYLOPHAGIDAE
Fachin, Diego Aguilar (2016): FAMILY XYLOPHAGIDAE. Zootaxa 4122 (1): 302-305, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.2
Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Acrochaeta Wiedemann, 1830 (Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), with comments on monophyly of Merosargus Loew, 1855
Dentre as doze subfamĂlias de Stratiomyidae, Sarginae conta com 22 gĂŞneros e 562 espĂ©cies mundiais, sendo 267 destas neotropicais. NĂŁo há análise cladĂstica para a subfamĂlia e tĂŁo pouco para os gĂŞneros. Boa parte dos gĂŞneros em Sarginae sĂŁo mal delimitados, com diagnoses baseadas principalmente em plesiomorfias. O gĂŞnero Acrochaeta enquadra-se nessa situação, uma vez que muitas espĂ©cies de Merosargus tĂŞm sido identificadas como pertencentes Ă Acrochaeta, por conta da presença de antenas longas e mesmo padrĂŁo de coloração no escudo entre as espĂ©cies de ambos os gĂŞneros. Somam-se a isso, as imprecisões taxonĂ´micas e morfolĂłgicas nas descrições das espĂ©cies de Acrochaeta e Merosargus, e a ausĂŞncia de ilustrações de genitálias masculina e feminina, informação muito Ăştil na delimitação dos gĂŞneros. Para tanto, o presente trabalho realizou a revisĂŁo taxĂ´nomica e uma análise cladĂstica de Acrochaeta com o objetivo de delimitar o gĂŞnero sob um ponto de vista filogenĂ©tico. O gĂŞnero Acrochaeta com este estudo passa a ter 15 espĂ©cies conhecidas (sete já descritas e oito novas). No presente estudo, trĂŞs espĂ©cies de Acrochaeta foram transferidas para Merosargus: M. chalconota comb. nov, M. longiventris comb. nov. e M. picta comb. nov. Outra foi transferida para Chrysochlorina (Chrysochlorininae): C. elegans comb. nov. AlĂ©m disso, M. convexifrons foi transferida para Acrochaeta: A. convexifrons comb. nov. O gĂŞnero e as sete espĂ©cies conhecidas foram redescritas, e as novas espĂ©cies descritas. Uma chave dicotĂ´mica para espĂ©cies do gĂŞnero tambĂ©m Ă© apresentada. A análise cladĂstica contou com 45 táxons terminais e 63 caracteres morfolĂłgicos, obtendo quatro árvores mais parcimoniosas (pesagem igual). O consenso estrito dessas quatro árvores foi escolhido como referĂŞncia para a discussĂŁo sobre os principais problemas de homologia, posicionamento de espĂ©cies, evolução de caracteres e formação de grupos de espĂ©cies dentro do gĂŞnero. A monofilia de Acrochaeta foi recuperada por caracteres de cabeça, tĂłrax e abdĂ´men. Um clado dentro do gĂŞnero foi bem caracterizado, principalmente por caracteres de genitália masculina. AlĂ©m disso, a ampliação da amostragem fora do gĂŞnero permitiu obter resultados preliminares sobre a nĂŁo-monofilia de Merosargus, uma vez que algumas espĂ©cies sĂŁo mais prĂłximas de Acrochaeta e Himantigera do que da espĂ©cie-tipo do gĂŞnero, Merosargus obscurus.Among the twelve subfamilies of Stratiomyidae, the Sarginae include 22 genera and 562 described species worldwide, of which 267 are Neotropical. There is still not a cladistic analysis for the subfamily or to the genera. Most of the Sarginae genera are poorly delimited, with diagnosis based mainly on plesiomorphies. The Acrochaeta falls into this situation, because many species of Merosargus have been identified as Acrochaeta due to the presence of elongated antenna and the similar color pattern of scutum between species of both genera. In addition, there is taxonomic and morphological inaccuracy in descriptions of species of Acrochaeta and Merosargus, and lack of illustrations of male and female genitalias of the species, information that could be useful in the delimitation of the genera. This study, hence, makes a taxonomic revision and a cladistic analysis of the genus Acrochaeta, aiming to define the genus from phylogenetic perspective. The Acrochaeta now includes 15 species (seven described and eigth new species). In this study, three Acrochaeta species were transferred to Merosargus: M. chalconota comb. nov, M. longiventris comb. nov. and M. picta comb. nov. Another was moved to Chrysochlorina (Chrysochlorininae): C. elegans comb. nov. In addition, M. convexifrons were moved to Acrochaeta: A. convexifrons comb. nov. The genera Acrochaeta and all previously described species were redescribed, and the new species were described. An identification key to species of the genus is provided. A cladistic analysis is performed, 45 terminal taxa and 63 morphological characters, resulting in four most parsimonious trees (equal weighting). Problems of homology, the position of species in the topology, character evolution and robustness of clades are discussed based on the strict consensus phylogeny. The monophyly of Acrochaeta was recovered by characters of head, thorax and abdomen. An inner clade in the genus was recovered, especially based on characters of the male genitalia. Furthermore, a wide selection of outgroups allowed preliminary results on the non-monophyly of Merosargus, because some of its species being closer to Acrochaeta and Himantigera than a clade that includes the type-species of the genus, Merosargus obscurus
Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Himantigera James, 1982 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), including the description of two new species and a key to the known species
Fachin, Diego Aguilar, Hauser, Martin (2018): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Himantigera James, 1982 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), including the description of two new species and a key to the known species. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 451-498, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.
FIGURES 56–58 in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Himantigera James, 1982 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), including the description of two new species and a key to the known species
FIGURES 56–58. Male terminalia of Himantigera nigrifemorata. 56. Epandrium, proctiger and cerci, dorsal view. 57. Genitalia, dorsal view. 58. Genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: cerc; cercus; epand, epandrium; gonst, gonostylus; goncx apod, gonocoxal apodeme; mps, medial process of synsternite; prct, proctiger; synst, synstenite
FIGURES 29–32 in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Himantigera James, 1982 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), including the description of two new species and a key to the known species
FIGURES 29–32. Wings of Himantigera species. 29. H. amauroptera nov. sp., male paratype. 30. H. amauroptera nov. sp., female paratype. 31. H. xanthopoda nov. sp., male paratype. 32. H. sp. A, female. Scale bar, 1 mm