First records of Pantophthalmidae (Insecta: Diptera) for the state of Tocantins, Brazil

Pantophthalmidae (Diptera) are recorded exclusively in the Neotropical Region. Despite the large size of adults, their species are often rare and poorly represented in entomological collections. Only two genera and 20 species are known, of which 12 are recorded in the five regions of Brazil. In the North region, the family is reported from all states, except in Tocantins. The present work provides the first records of the family for Tocantins, expanding the distribution of two species, Pantophthalmus kerteszianus (Enderlein, 1914) and P. tabaninus Thunberg, 1819. Both species are recorded for the first time in the Cerrado biome. In addition, we provide photographs of the species and a distribution map

Checklist of species of Pantophthalmidae and Stratiomyidae (Diptera, Stratiomyioidea) of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Nesse artigo é fornecida uma lista de espécies de Pantophthalmidae e Stratiomyidae registradas no estado Mato Grosso do Sul. Apenas uma espécie de Pantophthalmidae possui registro para o estado. Stratiomyidae é representada por 12 espécies distribuídas em nove gêneros: Acrochaeta Wiedemann (1), Artemita Walker (1), Neochauna Williston (1), Chrysochlorina James (3), Cyphomyia Wiedemann (1), Hermetia Latreille (2), Ptecticus Loew (1), Sargus Fabricius (1), and Hoplitimyia James (1).In this paper we provided a checklist of the Pantophthalmidae and Stratiomyidae species registered in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Only one species of Pantophthamildae is recorded for the state. Stratiomyidae is represented by 12 species in nine genera: Acrochaeta Wiedemann (1), Artemita Walker (1), Neochauna Williston (1), Chrysochlorina James (3), Cyphomyia Wiedemann (1), Hermetia Latreille (2), Ptecticus Loew (1), Sargus Fabricius (1), and Hoplitimyia James (1)

Checklist of the dipterofauna (Insecta) from Roraima, Brazil, with special reference to the Brazilian Ecological Station of Maracá

Roraima is a Brazilian state located in the northern portion of the Amazon basin, with few studies regarding its biodiversity. The Ecological Station of Maracá (Brazil, state of Roraima) harbors the third largest Brazilian pluvial island and is composed of a transitional landscape of savanna and Amazon rainforest components. Despite its ecological importance and strategic localization, few studies covered the dipterofauna of this locality. An updated checklist addressing 41 families of true flies (Diptera) occurring in Roraima is presented based on the literature and the specimens collected during a field expedition that occurred in 2015. This checklist brings several improvements such as new records of 165 taxa to the state of Roraima, 29 taxa to Brazil, and 259 morphotypes, mostly likely representing undescribed species

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

A new species of the rare Neotropical genus Auloceromyia Lindner, 1969 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) and the first record of the male of A. pedunculata Pimentel & Pujol-Luz, 2000

Fachin, Diego Aguilar (2015): A new species of the rare Neotropical genus Auloceromyia Lindner, 1969 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) and the first record of the male of A. pedunculata Pimentel &amp; Pujol-Luz, 2000. Zootaxa 4020 (3): 554-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.3.

Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Acrochaeta Wiedemann, 1830 (Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), with comments on monophyly of Merosargus Loew, 1855

Dentre as doze subfamílias de Stratiomyidae, Sarginae conta com 22 gêneros e 562 espécies mundiais, sendo 267 destas neotropicais. Não há análise cladística para a subfamília e tão pouco para os gêneros. Boa parte dos gêneros em Sarginae são mal delimitados, com diagnoses baseadas principalmente em plesiomorfias. O gênero Acrochaeta enquadra-se nessa situação, uma vez que muitas espécies de Merosargus têm sido identificadas como pertencentes à Acrochaeta, por conta da presença de antenas longas e mesmo padrão de coloração no escudo entre as espécies de ambos os gêneros. Somam-se a isso, as imprecisões taxonômicas e morfológicas nas descrições das espécies de Acrochaeta e Merosargus, e a ausência de ilustrações de genitálias masculina e feminina, informação muito útil na delimitação dos gêneros. Para tanto, o presente trabalho realizou a revisão taxônomica e uma análise cladística de Acrochaeta com o objetivo de delimitar o gênero sob um ponto de vista filogenético. O gênero Acrochaeta com este estudo passa a ter 15 espécies conhecidas (sete já descritas e oito novas). No presente estudo, três espécies de Acrochaeta foram transferidas para Merosargus: M. chalconota comb. nov, M. longiventris comb. nov. e M. picta comb. nov. Outra foi transferida para Chrysochlorina (Chrysochlorininae): C. elegans comb. nov. Além disso, M. convexifrons foi transferida para Acrochaeta: A. convexifrons comb. nov. O gênero e as sete espécies conhecidas foram redescritas, e as novas espécies descritas. Uma chave dicotômica para espécies do gênero também é apresentada. A análise cladística contou com 45 táxons terminais e 63 caracteres morfológicos, obtendo quatro árvores mais parcimoniosas (pesagem igual). O consenso estrito dessas quatro árvores foi escolhido como referência para a discussão sobre os principais problemas de homologia, posicionamento de espécies, evolução de caracteres e formação de grupos de espécies dentro do gênero. A monofilia de Acrochaeta foi recuperada por caracteres de cabeça, tórax e abdômen. Um clado dentro do gênero foi bem caracterizado, principalmente por caracteres de genitália masculina. Além disso, a ampliação da amostragem fora do gênero permitiu obter resultados preliminares sobre a não-monofilia de Merosargus, uma vez que algumas espécies são mais próximas de Acrochaeta e Himantigera do que da espécie-tipo do gênero, Merosargus obscurus.Among the twelve subfamilies of Stratiomyidae, the Sarginae include 22 genera and 562 described species worldwide, of which 267 are Neotropical. There is still not a cladistic analysis for the subfamily or to the genera. Most of the Sarginae genera are poorly delimited, with diagnosis based mainly on plesiomorphies. The Acrochaeta falls into this situation, because many species of Merosargus have been identified as Acrochaeta due to the presence of elongated antenna and the similar color pattern of scutum between species of both genera. In addition, there is taxonomic and morphological inaccuracy in descriptions of species of Acrochaeta and Merosargus, and lack of illustrations of male and female genitalias of the species, information that could be useful in the delimitation of the genera. This study, hence, makes a taxonomic revision and a cladistic analysis of the genus Acrochaeta, aiming to define the genus from phylogenetic perspective. The Acrochaeta now includes 15 species (seven described and eigth new species). In this study, three Acrochaeta species were transferred to Merosargus: M. chalconota comb. nov, M. longiventris comb. nov. and M. picta comb. nov. Another was moved to Chrysochlorina (Chrysochlorininae): C. elegans comb. nov. In addition, M. convexifrons were moved to Acrochaeta: A. convexifrons comb. nov. The genera Acrochaeta and all previously described species were redescribed, and the new species were described. An identification key to species of the genus is provided. A cladistic analysis is performed, 45 terminal taxa and 63 morphological characters, resulting in four most parsimonious trees (equal weighting). Problems of homology, the position of species in the topology, character evolution and robustness of clades are discussed based on the strict consensus phylogeny. The monophyly of Acrochaeta was recovered by characters of head, thorax and abdomen. An inner clade in the genus was recovered, especially based on characters of the male genitalia. Furthermore, a wide selection of outgroups allowed preliminary results on the non-monophyly of Merosargus, because some of its species being closer to Acrochaeta and Himantigera than a clade that includes the type-species of the genus, Merosargus obscurus

FIGURES 56–58 in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Himantigera James, 1982 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), including the description of two new species and a key to the known species

FIGURES 56–58. Male terminalia of Himantigera nigrifemorata. 56. Epandrium, proctiger and cerci, dorsal view. 57. Genitalia, dorsal view. 58. Genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: cerc; cercus; epand, epandrium; gonst, gonostylus; goncx apod, gonocoxal apodeme; mps, medial process of synsternite; prct, proctiger; synst, synstenite

FIGURES 29–32 in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Himantigera James, 1982 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), including the description of two new species and a key to the known species

FIGURES 29–32. Wings of Himantigera species. 29. H. amauroptera nov. sp., male paratype. 30. H. amauroptera nov. sp., female paratype. 31. H. xanthopoda nov. sp., male paratype. 32. H. sp. A, female. Scale bar, 1 mm

FIGURES 120–125 in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Himantigera James, 1982 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), including the description of two new species and a key to the known species

FIGURES 120–125. Himantigera species, habitus, female. 120–121. H. nigrifemorata, lateral (120. Mexico; 121. Costa Rica). 122. H. silvestris, lateral. 123. H. amauroptera nov. sp., lateral, paratype. 124–125. H. sp. A. (124. Dorsal; 125. Lateral). Scale bar, 1 mm. Red arrow points to the last tarsomere of the hind leg of H. nigrifemorata

FIGURES 72–74 in Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Himantigera James, 1982 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), including the description of two new species and a key to the known species

FIGURES 72–74. Male terminalia of Himantigera amauroptera nov. sp., paratype. 72. Epandrium, proctiger and cerci, dorsal view. 73. Genitalia, dorsal view. 74. Genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: cerc; cercus; epand, epandrium; gonst, gonostylus; goncx apod, gonocoxal apodeme; mps, medial process of synsternite; prct, proctiger; synst, synstenite