Effect of bioactive compounds from Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) on the in vitro larval migration of Haemonchus contortus: role of tannins and flavonol glycosides

Anthelmintic bioactivity against gastrointestinal nematodes has been associated with leguminous forages supporting the hypothesis of a role of condensed tannins. However, the possibility that other compounds might also been involved has received less consideration. Using bio-guided fractionation, the current study aimed at characterising the biochemical nature of the active compounds present in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), previously identified as an anthelmintic leguminous forage. The effects of sainfoin extracts were evaluated on 3rd stage larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus by using a larval migration inhibition (LMI) assay. Comparison of extracts obtained with several solvent systems showed that the bioactivity was associated with the 70:30 acetone/water extract. Further fractionation of the later allowed the separation of phenolic compounds. By use of a dialysis method, compounds were separated with a molecular weight cut-off of 2000 Da. The in vitro anthelmintic effects of the fraction with condensed tannins was confirmed. In the fraction containing molecules of MW < 2000 Da, 3 flavonol glycosides were identified as rutin, nicotiflorin and narcissin. At 1200 μg/ml, each inhibited significantly migration of larvae. Addition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVPP) to both fractions before incubation restore larval migration. These results confirmed the role of both tannins and flavonol glycosides in the anthelmintic properties of sainfoin

Quantum Noise in Multipixel Image Processing

We consider the general problem of the quantum noise in a multipixel measurement of an optical image. We first give a precise criterium in order to characterize intrinsic single mode and multimode light. Then, using a transverse mode decomposition, for each type of possible linear combination of the pixels' outputs we give the exact expression of the detection mode, i.e. the mode carrying the noise. We give also the only way to reduce the noise in one or several simultaneous measurements.Comment: 8 pages and 1 figur

Prediction of microgeometrical influences on micropitting fatigue damage on 32CrMoV13 steel

Dr Fabre's sabbatical period at the Cardiff School of Engineering allowed the research to be conducted. Thanks are due to the M2P department of Arts et Métiers ParisTech, to Arts et Métiers ParisTech—Aix en Provence, and to the MécaSurf laboratory for supporting the visit financially, and to Cardiff University for provision of research facilities. Dr Sharif's contribution to the research was supported financially by UK Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) with Grant no. EP/G06024X/1.Micropitting is a form of surface fatigue damage that occurs in the gear teeth. It is due to the effect of variation in the mechanical loading in the contact zone between the two teeth, induced especially by flank roughness. In this study, generic roughness profiles were built with geometrical parameters to simulate the contact between two rough surfaces. Using elastohydrodynamic lubrication code and Crossland’s fatigue criteria, the influence on fatigue lifetime was analysed for changes in each parameter. The relevant parameters were determined that influence(i) the conventional pitting,(ii) the extent to which the von Mises equivalent stress exceeds the material yield stress in the zone where micropitting occurs, and(iii) the fatigue lifetime for steel teeth. With nitriding benefits, the same trends were shown with weaker effects

Determination of two-body potentials from n-body spectra

We show how the two-body potential may be uniquely determined from n-body spectra where the hypercentral approximation is valid. We illustrate this by considering an harmonic oscillator potential which has been altered by changing the energy or normalisation constant of the ground state of the n-body system and finding how this modifies the two-body potential. It is shown that with increasing number of particles the spectrum must be known more precisely to obtain the two-body potential to the same degree of accuracy.Comment: 13 pages of text (LATEX), 3 figures (not included, available from authors), NIKHEF-93-P

From spin-Peierls to superconductivity: (TMTTF)_2PF_6 under high pressure

The nature of the attractive electron-electron interaction, leading to the formation of Cooper-pairs in unconventional superconductors has still to be fully understood and is subject to intensive research. Here we show that the sequence spin-Peierls, antiferromagnetism, superconductivity observed in (TMTTF)_2PF_6 under pressure makes the (TM)_2X phase diagram universal. We argue that the suppression of the spin-Peierls transition under pressure, the close vicinity of antiferromagnetic and superconducting phases at high pressure as well as the existence of critical antiferromagnetic fluctuations above T_c strongly support the intriguing possibility that the interchain exchange of antiferromagnetic fluctuations provides the pairing mechanism required for bound charge carriers.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, 4 figures (jpeg,eps,png

CO2\mathrm{CO_2} exploding clusters dynamics probed by XUV fluorescence

Clusters excited by intense laser pulses are a unique source of warm dense matter, that has been the subject of intensive experimental studies. The majority of those investigations concerns atomic clusters, whereas the evolution of molecular clusters excited by intense laser pulses is less explored. In this work we trace the dynamics of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ clusters triggered by a few-cycle 1.45-$\mu$m driving pulse through the detection of XUV fluorescence induced by a delayed 800-nm ignition pulse. Striking differences among fluorescence dynamics from different ionic species are observed

Multibeam Sonar Performance Analysis Value and Use of Statistical Techniques

The Naval Oceanographic Office uses quantitative methods employing statistical measurements to analyze and evaluate the performance and behavior of multibeam sonar bathymetry systems. Datasets are made that determine the residual differences between a reference surface and multibeam sounding files as a function of beam angle. The resultant beam-wise analysis facilitates artifact detection, trends, overall uncertainty, dataset limitations, and system performance compliance against specifications or other special requirements. The technique used is presented with examples of its application in analyzing system performance, data processing, and survey planning in two actual case studies.El Servicio Oceanográfico de la Marina utiliza métodos cuantitativos que emplean medidas estadísticas para analizar y evaluar el rendimiento y el comportamiento de los sistemas de batimetría que utilizan el sonar multihaz. Se crean colecciones de datos que determinan las diferencias residuales entre una superficie de referencia y los archivos de sondeos multihaz como función del ángulo del haz. El análisis del haz resultante facilita la detección del artefacto, las tendencias, la incertidumbre general, las limitaciones de las colecciones de datos, y la conformidad del rendimiento del sistema frente a las especificaciones o a otros requerimientos especiales. Se presenta la técnica utilizada con ejemplos de su aplicación al analizar el rendimiento del sistema, el procesado de datos, y la planificación de los levantamientos en dos estudios de casos reales.Le Service océanographique naval utilise des méthodes quantitatives employant des mesures statistiques pour analyser et évaluer le fonctionnement et le comportement de systèmes bathymé-triques sonar multifaisceaux. Des ensembles de données sont constitués et déterminent les différences résiduelles entre une surface de référence et des fichiers de sondage multifaisceaux en tant que fonction d‘angle de faisceau. L‘analyse dans le sens du faisceau qui en résulte facilite la détection d‘objets, les tendances, l‘incertitude globale, les limitations des ensembles de données et la conformité du fonctionnement du système avec les spécifications ou d‘autres exigences spécifiques. La technique utilisée est présentée avec des exemples de son application dans l‘analyse du fonctionnement du système, le traitement des données et la planification des levés dans deux études de cas réelles

Elaboration de surfaces nano/micro-structurées pour limiter l’adhésion de micro-organismes

Avec plus d’un million de dispositifs posés par an dans le monde, l’utilisation des chambres implantables s’est maintenant généralisée pour le traitement de certains cancers. Constituées d’un réservoir de quelques dixièmes de microlitres, le plus souvent en titane, relié à un cathéter dont l’extrémité est placée dans une veine à fort débit, ils permettent de délivrer un traitement de chimiothérapie avec un confort augmenté pour le patient. Ces dispositifs permettent aussi le cas échéant d’apporter une nutrition parentérale. Cette dernière utilisation provoque de nombreuses infections, qui conduisent dans la plupart des cas au retrait du dispositif. Afin de réduire le risque de contamination, il est donc nécessaire de mieux comprendre les facteurs favorisant l’adhérence des micro-organismes (bactéries et levures) dans ces dispositifs médicaux invasifs et leur colonisation ultérieure. Dans le cadre du projet régional MAT-INNO, nos travaux de recherche visent à mieux comprendre l’impact des propriétés de surface (en termes de topographie, hydrophobicité et fonctionnalisation) sur l’adhésion de bactéries et de levures. En agissant sur les propriétés physiques et/ou chimiques de surface, nous espérons réduire les capacités d\u27adhérence des micro-organismes et ainsi limiter le risque d\u27infection. Les études actuelles sont réalisées sur des substrats de silicium sur lesquels est déposée une couche mince nanométrique d’oxyde de titane. Nos efforts portent, dans un premier temps, sur la maîtrise de la topographie de surface à l’échelle nanométrique et micrométrique, notamment par la mise au point de procédés de fabrication reproductibles. L’utilisation de la pulvérisation cathodique sur les supports de silicium ultra-lisses permet d’obtenir des surfaces d’oxyde de titane ayant des rugosités inférieures au nanomètre. De plus, l’attaque du silicium par l’hydroxyde de potassium permet de modifier la topographie des surfaces avant le dépôt de films minces d’oxyde de titane. Nous présentons sur le poster les résultats obtenus récemment par microscopie à force atomique et par microscopie électronique à balayage sur les différents types de surface. L’analyse des courbes de réflectivité des rayons X nous a permis de déterminer précisément l’épaisseur des films déposés et de suivre les modifications de la composition chimique suivant les paramètres appliqués

Compact Source of EPR Entanglement and Squeezing at Very Low Noise Frequencies

We report on the experimental demonstration of strong quadrature EPR entanglement and squeezing at very low noise sideband frequencies produced by a single type-II, self-phase-locked, frequency degenerate optical parametric oscillator below threshold. The generated two-mode squeezed vacuum state is preserved for noise frequencies as low as 50 kHz. Designing simple setups able to generate non-classical states of light in the kHz regime is a key challenge for high sensitivity detection of ultra-weak physical effects such as gravitational wave or small beam displacement