Função cardíaca em cães com Diabetes Mellitus

A cardiomiopatia diabética é uma doença do músculo cardíaco causado pela diabetes mellitus e não relacionada às enfermidades vascular, valvular ou à hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Observações experimentais e clínicas têm demonstrado a presença de hipertrofia, necrose, apoptose e aumento do tecido intersticial miocárdico. Acredita-se que a cardiomiopatia diabética seja decorrente de anormalidades metabólicas como hiperlipidemia, hiperinsulinemia e hiperglicemia, e de alterações do metabolismo cardíaco, ao promover modificações morfológicas que comprometem a função cardíaca. Portanto, acreditando nas semelhanças das fisiopatogenias da diabetes mellitus de cães e seres humanos, esse estudo foi concebido para avaliar à presença das alterações cardíacas em cães diabéticos por meio de análises clínicas, laboratoriais e do uso de técnicas ecodopplercardiográficas e de mensuração da pressão arterial sistêmica. Os cães foram selecionados em quatro grupos, com o Gc composto por dez animais saudáveis, GDST formado por quatro cães diabéticos sem tratamento, GDCT composto por dez cães diabéticos com tratamento e GDCE formado por dez cães diabéticos com tratamento que apresentava doença valvular concomitante. O estudo ecocardiográfico evidenciou alterações morfológicas nos corações dos animais com diabetes mellitus, quando comparados ao grupo controle. Valendo-se do recurso doppler tecidual, foram constatadas diferenças significativas nas variáveis A’ sep; A’ lat; A’ dir e S dir, quando comparados os grupos de diabéticos com o grupo controle. A análise da eletrocardiografia não demonstrou distúrbio no ritmo cardíaco. Por sua vez, os resultados da pressão arterial sistêmica mensurados pelo doppler vascular, demonstraram diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos de diabéticos tratados quando comparados ao grupo controle. Os resultados encontrados permitiram evidenciar em cães...Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a cardiac muscle disease caused by diabetes mellitus unrelated to vascular or valvular pathologies, or to systemic arterial hypertension. Experimental and clinical studies have shown the presence of hypertrophy, necrosis, apoptosis and myocardial interstitial tissue increase. It is believed that the diabetic cardiomyopathy is caused by metabolic abnormalities such as hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia, metabolic cardiac disorders to promote morphological changes that compromise cardiac function. Therefore, believing in similarities between the physiopathology of diabetes mellitus in dogs and humans, this study was designed to assess the presence of cardiac abnormalities by analysis of physical examinations and laboratory techniques and the use of Doppler echocardiography and measurement of blood pressure. The dogs were divided into 4 groups, with Gc composed of 10 healthy animals, GDST formed by four untreated diabetic dogs, GDCT composed of 10 treated diabetic dogs and GDCE formed by 10 diabetic dogs under treatment that showed concomitant valvular disease. The echocardiographic study showed morphological changes in the heart of diabetic animals when compared to control group. Regarding the resource tissue Doppler, differences in the variables A 'septum, A' lateral, A ' right and S right were significant when diabetic groups were compared to control group. The analysis of electrocardiogram revealed no cardiac rhythm disturbance. Yet, the results of systemic arterial pressure measured by vascular doppler showed statistical difference between diabetic groups treated and control group. Results demonstrated cardiac morphological and hemodynamic changes in diabetic dogs, resulting in diastolic dysfunction despite preserved systolic functio

Primary cardiac lymphoma in dog

Lymphomas are malignant neoplasm characterized by proliferation of lymphocytes that originate primarily in lymphoid organ such as lymph nodes, liver, spleen and bone marrow. However the feature of continuous migration of lymphocytes in different organs, this tumor can develop in any organ. Although lymphoma is a very common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs, cardiac location is rare. The diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma may be performed when there is involvement of the heart and/or the pericardium without evidence of involvement in other organs. In veterinary medicine there are few reports on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cardiac lymphoma. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to describe a case of cardiac lymphoma in which the patient responded favorably to chemotherapy employee with disease-free interval of 19 months and highlight the importance of including this neoplasm in the differential diagnosis of diseases that affect the cardiovascular system

Atendimentos de emergência por acidentes na Rede de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes: Brasil, 2006 Unintentional injuries at the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System: Brazil, 2006

Em 2006, o Ministério da Saúde implantou a Rede de Serviços Sentinelas de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes (Rede VIVA) a fim de descrever os atendimentos de emergência por violências e acidentes, principalmente as lesões de menor gravidade que não implicam mortes ou internações. Neste artigo, descrevem-se as características dos atendimentos de emergência por acidentes realizados nesses serviços. Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, realizado em 35 municípios com os maiores coeficientes de morbimortalidade por causas externas. Os dados foram coletados durante trinta dias consecutivos em plantões alternados de doze horas. Registraram-se 41.677 atendimentos por acidentes, com predomínio de homens (64,8%), pessoas de 20 a 29 anos de idade (22,9%) e com baixa escolaridade (56,8%). As quedas (40,2%) foram a principal causa, seguidas dos acidentes de transporte (26,6%). Os locais de ocorrência mais frequentes foram via pública (36,2%) e residência (33,7%). As partes do corpo mais atingidas foram membros superiores (38,1%), membros inferiores (37,6%) e cabeça/face (25,7%). A vigilância sentinela de violências e acidentes permite coletar dados em tempo hábil sobre eventos menos graves, cujo conhecimento é fundamental para o planejamento de medidas preventivas.<br>In 2006, the Brazilian Ministry of Health established the Injury Surveillance System Network in Sentinel Services (Rede VIVA) to describe data on injuries victims treated at emergency departments (ED), especially minor injuries which do not cause deaths and hospitalization. This study describes the characteristics of unintentional injuries victims treated in these EDs by means of a transversal descriptive study with data coming from EDs located in 35 municipalities with the highest injury rates. The data were collected during 30 consecutive days in an alternated 12-hour shift. There were a total of 41,677 patients with unintentional injuries, mainly among males (64.8%), people aged 20 to 29 years (23.0%) and low level of education (45.8%). Falls were the main cause (40.1% overall), followed by transport related injuries (26.6% overall). The more frequent place of occurrence were public streets (36.3% overall) and residences (33.6% overall). The body parts most affected were upper members (42.7%), lower members (42.0%) and head/face (29.2%). The injury surveillance in sentinel services allows collecting timeless data about minor cases which is essential for planning and implementing preventive measures

A novel N95 respirator with chitosan nanoparticles: mechanical, antiviral, microbiological and cytotoxicity evaluations

Abstract Background It is known that some sectors of hospitals have high bacteria and virus loads that can remain as aerosols in the air and represent a significant health threat for patients and mainly professionals that work in the place daily. Therefore, the need for a respirator able to improve the filtration barrier of N95 masks and even inactivating airborne virus and bacteria becomes apparent. Such a fact motivated the creation of a new N95 respirator which employs chitosan nanoparticles on its intermediate layer (SN95 + CNP). Results The average chitosan nanoparticle size obtained was 165.20 ± 35.00 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.36 ± 0.03 and a zeta potential of 47.50 ± 1.70 mV. Mechanical tests demonstrate that the SN95 + CNP respirator is more resistant and meets the safety requisites of aerosol penetration, resistance to breath and flammability, presenting higher potential to filtrate microbial and viral particles when compared to conventional SN95 respirators. Furthermore, biological in vitro tests on bacteria, fungi and mammalian cell lines (HaCat, Vero E6 and CCL-81) corroborate the hypothesis that our SN95 + CNP respirator presents strong antimicrobial activity and is safe for human use. There was a reduction of 96.83% of the alphacoronavirus virus and 99% of H1N1 virus and MHV-3 betacoronavirus after 120 min of contact compared to the conventional respirator (SN95), demonstrating that SN95 + CNP have a relevant potential as personal protection equipment. Conclusions Due to chitosan nanotechnology, our novel N95 respirator presents improved mechanical, antimicrobial and antiviral characteristics

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora