Water quality control in coastal aquaculture system: a Tuscany fish farm as a case study.

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A Meramod^® model approach for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the off-shore aquaculture improvement in the Alghero Bay (North western Sardinia, Italy)

Marine fish farming generates particulate wastes which are dispersed in the sea environment. To deal with this problem, particulate waste dispersion models have been developed to predict the effects of fish cage culture. In this study, we evaluated the seabed deposition of a fish farming facility located in the central western Mediterranean by using the Meramod® model. The objectives where first to assess the actual scenario, and second to forecast the possible impact due to the forthcoming enlargement of the farming area with the addition of new fish cages. By computing the hydrodynamic measurements and the daily amount of feed recorded between July and December 2006, the impact seabed surfaces forecasted by the model increased from 5.6ha in the actual scenario, up to 7.3ha in the future. The model estimated a maximum level of total solid flux deposition of 3,800g/m2bed/year and a maximum level of total carbon flux deposition of 1,350g/m2bed/year for both scenarios. Furthermore, the model predicted that the installation of 4 new fish cages (with an hypothetical mean daily amount of feed of 50kg/cage) will produce a total solid and carbon flux deposition levels ranging 0-400 and 0-150g/m2bed/year respectively, under the new fish cages location

A Meramod® model approach for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the off–shore aquaculture improvement in the Alghero Bay (North western Sardinia, Italy)

Marine fish farming generates particulate wastes which are dispersed in the sea environment. To deal with this problem, particulate waste dispersion models have been developed to predict the effects of fish cage culture. In this study, we evaluated the seabed deposition of a fish farming facility located in the central western Mediterranean by using the Meramod® model. The objectives where first to assess the actual scenario, and second to forecast the possible impact due to the forthcoming enlargement of the farming area with the addition of new fish cages. By computing the hydrodynamic measurements and the daily amount of feed recorded between July and December 2006, the impact seabed surfaces forecasted by the model increased from 5.6ha in the actual scenario, up to 7.3ha in the future. The model estimated a maximum level of total solid flux deposition of 3,800g/m2bed/year and a maximum level of total carbon flux deposition of 1,350g/m2bed/year for both scenarios. Furthermore, the model predicted that the installation of 4 new fish cages (with an hypothetical mean daily amount of feed of 50kg/cage) will produce a total solid and carbon flux deposition levels ranging 0-400 and 0-150g/m2bed/year respectively, under the new fish cages location

Formas kantianas da sensibilidade em sua dupla perspectiva estética

Aqui são inicialmente comparadas duas formas de sensibilidade estética: primeiro em sua forma cognitiva,como teoria da sensibilidade da ‘Crítica da razão pura` (1781 = ed. A, 2ª. ed. 1787, = ed. B abrev.KrV), e, segundo, como forma estética reflexiva ou forma do gosto, da ‘Crítica da faculdade do juízo`(1790, abrev. KdU). A primeira é dita forma objetiva e a segunda, subjetiva ou, melhor, intersubjetiva. Aprimeira tem diretamente em vista o conhecimento e a segunda o prazer estético, também chamado desentimento de vida. Analogamente à indeterminação fenomênica ao nível da sensibilidade “objetiva”, hátambém uma indeterminação estética do gosto. Enquanto a primeira se completa na determinaçãoconceitual, a segunda jamais se completa, mantém-se sempre aberta, em processo. Por isso a terceiracrítica é considerada mais crítica que as demais. O artigo conclui com algumas considerações complementarese introdutórias à primeira forma de sensibilidade.Palavras-chave: sensibilidade, conhecimento, gosto, objeto, reflexão

Inflow and outflow water quality control in coastal aquaculture systems: a case study

Coastal water bodies are a particularly heterogeneous resource, typified by high spatial and temporal variability that could influence the aquaculture in coastal zones. However, the development of coastal aquaculture may produce negative impacts on the coastal area by the potential release of nutrients and organic matter that can be a source of pollution in receiving waters. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of constructed wetland in controlling the dynamics of deoxygenating matter (organic matter and ammonia) and eutrophicating matter [organic matter and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP)] in the waters entering (inflow) and flowing out (outflow) from a coastal aquaculture fish farm. We observed that constructed wetland systems are effective in removing fractions of total suspended solids, COD, total ammonia nitrogen and SRP contained in the inflow water with higher efficiency in the spring period (60.37%, 14.89%, 65.38% and 17.6% respectively) than in the summer period (45.10%, 8.06%, 32.43% and 8.00% respectively). Similar pattern was recorded for the treatment of the outflow waters, showing that the wetland system reduced most of the deoxygenating and eutrophicating matter produced as a consequence of feeding and fish metabolic activity. During the summer season, high algae mortality can reduce the performance of the wetland system in the outflow water control; this lower efficiency could be improved by controlling the biomass of algae by vegetation harvesting

Biomechanical Assessments of the Upper Limb for Determining Fatigue, Strain and Effort from the Laboratory to the Industrial Working Place: A Systematic Review

Recent human-centered developments in the industrial field (Industry 5.0) lead companies and stakeholders to ensure the wellbeing of their workers with assessments of upper limb performance in the workplace, with the aim of reducing work-related diseases and improving awareness of the physical status of workers, by assessing motor performance, fatigue, strain and effort. Such approaches are usually developed in laboratories and only at times they are translated to on-field applications; few studies summarized common practices for the assessments. Therefore, our aim is to review the current state-of-the-art approaches used for the assessment of fatigue, strain and effort in working scenarios and to analyze in detail the differences between studies that take place in the laboratory and in the workplace, in order to give insights on future trends and directions. A systematic review of the studies aimed at evaluating the motor performance, fatigue, strain and effort of the upper limb targeting working scenarios is presented. A total of 1375 articles were found in scientific databases and 288 were analyzed. About half of the scientific articles are focused on laboratory pilot studies investigating effort and fatigue in laboratories, while the other half are set in working places. Our results showed that assessing upper limb biomechanics is quite common in the field, but it is mostly performed with instrumental assessments in laboratory studies, while questionnaires and scales are preferred in working places. Future directions may be oriented towards multi-domain approaches able to exploit the potential of combined analyses, exploitation of instrumental approaches in workplace, targeting a wider range of people and implementing more structured trials to translate pilot studies to real practice

Pfaffian representations of cubic surfaces

Let K be a field of characteristic zero. We describe an algorithm which requires a homogeneous polynomial F of degree three in K[x_0,x_1,x_2,x_3] and a zero A of F in P^3_K and ensures a linear pfaffian representation of V(F) with entries in K[x_0,x_1,x_2,x_3], under mild assumptions on F and A. We use this result to give an explicit construction of (and to prove the existence of) a linear pfaffian representation of V(F), with entries in K'[x_0,x_1,x_2,x_3], being K' an algebraic extension of K of degree at most six. An explicit example of such a construction is given.Comment: 17 pages. Expanded with some remarks. Published with minor corrections in Geom. Dedicat

Monitoring riverbank erosion in mountain catchments using terrestrial laser scanning

Sediment yield is a key factor in river basins management due to the various and adverse consequences that erosion and sediment transport in rivers may have on the environment. Although various contributions can be found in the literature about sediment yield modeling and bank erosion monitoring, the link between weather conditions, river flow rate and bank erosion remains scarcely known. Thus, a basin scale assessment of sediment yield due to riverbank erosion is an objective hard to be reached. In order to enhance the current knowledge in this field, a monitoring method based on high resolution 3D model reconstruction of riverbanks, surveyed by multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning, was applied to four banks in Val Tartano, Northern Italy. Six data acquisitions over one year were taken, with the aim to better understand the erosion processes and their triggering factors by means of more frequent observations compared to usual annual campaigns. The objective of the research is to address three key questions concerning bank erosion: "how" erosion happens, "when" during the year and "how much" sediment is eroded. The method proved to be effective and able to measure both eroded and deposited volume in the surveyed area. Finally an attempt to extrapolate basin scale volume for bank erosion is presented

Habitat management for Red–backed Shrike, Lanius collurio, conservation in farmland systems

The Province of Verbano Cusio Ossola, North-Eastern Piedmont, carried out a LIFE-Nature project during the period 2003-2007. The project focused on a Natura 2000 site, located along the middle course of river Toce. One of the interventions was directed at the conservation of the breeding population of Lanius collurio through dedicated management of lowland hay meadows (with maintenance of unmown portions) and shrublands (with increasing habitat openness in overgrown shrublands). Those interventions resulted an increase in the local breeding population of the species from 9 to 25 pairs in 5 years