Aspectos da Posição Dominante Correlatas ao Abuso de Atos Anticoncorrenciais no Mercado Europeu

The study of the present investigation consists on an initial approach to the general aspects of the concept of dominant position on the European Competition Law, 5 whose assumptions are gathered on the analysis of several criteria referred to in Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Such article declares that “any abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position within the internal market or in a substantial part of it shall be prohibited as incompatible with the internal market in so far as it may affect trade between Member States.” However, it is not given, nor in this article nor in any other from the above Treaty, a definition of dominant position, which in fact constitutes a problem. Thus, one will approach the concept of abuse of this dominant position, which dissuades itself on the abusive practices that compromise the Member States structural balance, and which at the end affect the consumers as potential direct victims of the exercise of market power. Nonetheless, one can point out, from the point of view of the Treaty, that the notion of abuse is itself contrary to any idea of contribution to the economic progress, and that the body of the article does not prohibit the existence of dominant positions, but only its abusive exploitation, as one will verify

O dever de informação dos atos bancários e a culpa in contrahendo

A análise trazida neste artigo tem como perspectiva norteadora a responsabilidade pré-contratual do banqueiro, justamente porque é no cerne desta que se desenvolve a premissa da culpa in contrahendo. Assim, analisase este pressuposto como critério de aferição da culpabilidade do banqueiro quando direcione sua conduta sem tomar a específica diligência. No presente estudo esta diligência está circunscrita no dever de informação dos atos bancários precedentes à formação do contrato. Neste ponto, tomamos como referencial o princípio da boa-fé como irradiador dos fundamentos éticojurídicos na consecução dos contratos bancários. Sublinha-se que o paradigma de estudo adotado se refere ao ordenamento jurídico português, bem como a grafia adotada é o português de Portugal. [ABSTRACT]The analysis brought in this article has as mainspring perspective the pre-contractual responsibility of the banker, precisely because is in its core that is developed the premise of the guilt in contrahendo. Thus, one analyses this assumption as a benchmarking of the banker’s culpability when directing his conduct without applying the specific diligence. At the present essay, this diligence is circumscribed at the duty to inform of the bank acts previous to the creation of the contract. At this point, we take as referential the principle of good faith as the spreading point of the ethical juridical fundamentals on the pursuance of the bank contracts. One must mention that the study paradigm adopted is referred to the Portuguese legal system, and the language adopted is Portuguese (of Portugal)

Study of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a Newtonian fluid using Laplace transform / Estudo do escoamento magnetohidrodinâmico de um fluido Newtoniano via transformada de Laplace

The present work studies the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a Newtonian fluid as a complementary case of the simple flow in a parallel plate channel. The effects of kinematic parameters and the influence of the transverse and uniform magnetic field on the fields of speed, flow and shear rate are analyzed. To solve the equations that govern movement, the Laplace Transform technique was used, and the Python programming language and wxMaxima program for the construction of graphs and convergence analysis, respectively. The results obtained were analyzed for different values of the Hartmann’s number and the limit case in which this parameter tends to zero compared to the simple flow in the absence of a field. The study showed the effect of the magnetic field on the velocity profile and other derived properties. And the limit case proved to be compatible with the case in which there is no magnetic field applied. In general, the work proved to be valid as a complementary study of the simple case, since the results obtained for the limit case clearly express its tendency towards the simple case presented by the literature

On the true identity of Mendoncia “stellate” trichomes

ABSTRACT The present survey of leaf-blade trichomes of Mendoncia used SEM and light microscopy to investigate the diversity of trichome types in Neotropical and Paleotropical species of the genus. The eglandular trichomes are filiform, uniseriate, with asymmetric epidermal cells arranged radially around the trichome, these epidermal cells may be short or elongated, oriented in two groups. These cells, when elongated, are covered with epicuticular wax, forming smooth thick plates. African species have dendritic but not stellate trichomes. Character states such as number and length of basal cells were shown to overlap within the same species and therefore their use in isolation is not recommended for subgeneric classification of Mendoncia. Neotropical Mendoncia trichomes with well-developed epidermal cells arranged radially around the trichome appear to be unique to this group, without parallel in other plant families

Análise da variabilidade espacial da força de desprendimento dos frutos do cafeeiro sob pivô central

Due to the importance of coffee to the economy of Brazil and the increase of areas even in zone with water deficits during the year, it is necessary to study the factors involved in its production, especially for mechanized and selective harvesting. At this stage coffee farmers find it difficult to determine the appropriate time to start. This research was carried out to evaluating the spatial variation of force detachment of the coffee fruits (green and cherry) under center pivot through geostatistical methods, semivariogram analysis and kriging interpolation, to improve management for harvest mechanical and selective coffee. The test was carried out at Farm Sao Joao Grande, in Presidente Olegario/MG, in a pivot 50.0 ha. The cultivar used was the “Catuai Vermelho IAC 144”, planted in a circular way in December 2000, spaced 4.0 x 0.5 m. The sampling grid was irregular with 100 points georeferenced where each point corresponds to 4 plants. The determination of force detachment was conducted using a digital dynamometer at each sampling point. Within the maturation stages, green fruits presented detachment force greater than the cherry. The semivariogram and kriging allowed to characterize the variability of force detachment between the studied fruits. The kriging maps make it possible to farmers the choice the best place and the right time to start harvest mechanized and selective coffee and consequently, improved final product quality and profits.Devido à importância do cafeeiro para a economia do Brasil e o aumento de áreas mesmo em regiões que apresentam déficits hídricos ao longo do ano, faz-se necessário estudar os fatores envolvidos na sua produção, com destaque para a colheita mecanizada e seletiva, pois nesta fase os cafeicultores encontram dificuldades em determinar o momento adequado de iniciar. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a variação espacial da força de desprendimento dos frutos de café (verde e cereja) sob pivô central, por meio de métodos geoestatísticos, análise de semivariograma e interpolação por krigagem, visando uma melhor gestão para a colheita do café. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Fazenda São João Grande, em Presidente Olegário/MG, em um pivô de 50,0 ha. A cultivar utilizada foi a “Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144”, plantada de forma circular em dezembro de 2000, no espaçamento 4,0 x 0,5 m. Utilizou-se uma grade amostral com 100 pontos georreferenciados em que cada ponto correspondia a 4 plantas. A determinação da força de desprendimento foi realizada por meio de um dinamômetro digital em cada ponto de amostragem. O estádio verde de maturação apresentou força de desprendimento superior ao cereja. Os semivariogramas e a krigagem possibilitaram caracterizar a variabilidade da força de desprendimento entre os frutos estudados. Os mapas de krigagem possibilitam aos agricultores a escolha do melhor local e momento certo para iniciar a colheita mecanizada e seletiva do café e consequentemente, melhoria na qualidade final do produto e nos lucros

Imaturos de Trichoptera na bacia do rio Paranã, GO, com novos registros de gênero

Distribution of Trichoptera along Paranã River Basin, Goiás State, with new records for genera, is presented. Eighteen sample sites were made along the basin during the rain (March and December/2003) and dry (July/2003 and August/2004) seasons. Surber and D net were used for sampling all habitats

AS COMPETIÇÕES INFANTOJUVENIS À LUZ DA PEDAGOGIA DO ESPORTE

O presente artigo de revisão objetiva estabelecer quais categorias são essenciais à um modelo de competição esportiva infantojuvenil. A coleta de dados foi realizada em quatro fases: 1) Identificação das fontes; 2) Compilação; 3) Fichamento; e 4) Análise e interpretação. Os resultados apontam para duas categorias pilares do modelo competitivo infantojuvenil: a) A competição enquanto elemento estruturante da formação integral do indivíduo e b) A competição de acordo com as possibilidades e expectativas do público infantojuvenil. Verificada a carência de estudos na área, espera-se que esta pesquisa fomente o desenvolvimento de estudos empíricos para identificar necessidades específicas de cada modalidade

Comparison of pre and post-dispersion compensation schemes with RZ, NRZ and Gaussian modulations for 10 GBPS and 40 GBPS transmission rates / Comparação de esquemas de compensação pré e pós-dispersão com modulações RZ, NRZ e Gaussina para as taxas de transmissão de 10 GBPS e 40 GBPS

In this paper, we investigate two dispersion compensation methods: post-compensation, and pre-compensation for transmission rates from 10Gbps to 40Gbps with return to zero (RZ), non-return to zero (NRZ) and Guassian modulations using single fiber mode-fiber (SMF) and dispersion compensating fiber (DCF). The influence of the DCF compensator dispersion with different transmission rates was studied in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed systems. The simulation results were validated through the analysis of the quality factor (Q-factor) and the bit error rate (BER), where it was verified that the post-compensation system with Gaussian modulation offered better performance results in function of the transmission rate variation.

Analysis of the behavior of an all-optical not logic gate in a photonic crystal directional coupler / Análise do comportamento de uma porta lógica not totalmente óptica em um acoplador direcional de cristal fotônico

In the present work, an optical directional coupler (ODC) based on two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal (PhC) was analyzed and proposed, through the methods of plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), which were used with the purpose of analyzing the behavior of a new all-optical NOT logic gate and the electric field distribution in the coupler for linear (bar), non-linear (cross) states and the control signal. The simulation results in OptiFDTD software show that the proposed crystal structure is a strong candidate for use in ultrafast photonic integrated circuits (PICs), being highly advantageous with excellent transmission performance and simple design

Oferta e participação nas práticas corporais e atividades físicas na Atenção Primária: análise de 2014 a 2022

Objective: to analyze the temporal trend and macro-regional distribution of the offer of collective activities of body practices and physical activities (BPPA) and the number of participants in Primary Health Care (PHC), developed by all health professionals and by Physical Education Professionals (PEF). Methods: ecological time series study, using data from the Health Information System for PHC (Sisab) between 2014 and 2022, using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results: at the national level, an increase in the number of collective BPPA and PHC participants developed by all health professionals and by PEF was identified between 2014 and 2019, followed by a reduction in both in 2020. In 2021 and 2022 further increases occurred. Conclusion: even though the Covid-19 pandemic occurred, an exceptional scenario and upward trends were identified both in the offer of collective BPPA and participants.Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal e distribuição macrorregional da oferta de atividades coletivas de práticas corporais e atividades físicas (PCAF) e do número de participantes na Atenção Primária (APS), desenvolvidas por todos os profissionais de saúde e por Profissionais de Educação Física (PEF). Métodos: estudo ecológico de série temporal, usando dados do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (Sisab) entre 2014 e 2022, por meio da análise de regressão Joinpoint. Resultados: em âmbito nacional, identificou-se aumento do quantitativo de atividades coletivas de PCAF e de participantes na APS desenvolvidas por todos os profissionais de saúde e por PEF entre 2014 e 2019, seguido de uma redução de ambos em 2020. Em 2021 e 2022 ocorreu novo aumento. Conclusão: ainda que tenha ocorrido a pandemia da Covid-19, um cenário de excepcionalidade, foram identificadas tendências de aumento tanto na oferta de atividades coletivas de PCAF quanto de participantes