Einkommensmobilität im internationalen Vergleich : eine empirische Analyse mit Panel-Daten

Dieser Beitrag vergleicht mit einheitlicher Methodik die Mobilität des individuellen Bruttoarbeitseinkommens, des Bruttoäquivalenzeinkommens und des Nettoäquivalenzeinkommens in Westdeutschland, Ostdeutschland, Großbritannien, den USA und Ungarn mit Panel-Daten dieser Länder aus dem Zeitraum 1989-1995. Die Mobilität ist in Ostdeutschland bei allen Einkommenskonzepten wesentlich höher als in Westdeutschland, nähert sich aber im Zeitablauf und insbesondere beim Nettoäquivalenzeinkommen dem westdeutschen Niveau an. Die Mobilität des Bruttoäquivalenzeinkommens ist in Westdeutschland größer, die des Nettoäquivalenzeinkommens kleiner als in Großbritannien. Die Mobilität des individuellen Bruttoarbeitseinkommens und des Bruttoäquivalenzeinkommens ist in Westdeutschland höher, die des Nettoäquivalenzeinkommens niedriger als in den USA. Die Mobilität des Nettoäquivalenzeinkommens ist in Ungarn deutlich höher als in Ostdeutschland. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen eine im internationalen Vergleich unerwartet hohe Flexibilität des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts, wobei jedoch die Verweildauer in der Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland länger ist als in den USA und Großbritannien, wo viele Arbeitslose schnell in schlecht bezahlte Jobs wechseln. Ferner zeigt sich, daß das Steuer- und Transfersystem in keiner anderen Volkswirtschaft die Mobilität der Bruttoäquivalenzeinkommen stärker reduziert als in Deutschland

Die digitale Disruption bewältigen

Die digitale Transformation verändert Geschäftsmodelle und Kundenbeziehungen tiefgreifend. Mit einem Transformations-Framework und emotionaler Führung bekommen die Unternehmen die Dynamik und Komplexität dieser Entwicklungen in den Griff

Labor Earnings and Household Income Mobility in Reunified Germany: A Comparison of the Eastern and Western States

Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) we compare the economic mobility of persons living in the eastern and western states of Germany between 1990 and 1995. We find that gross individual labor income mobility was initially much higher in the east than in the west following reunification, but by 1995 the gap had been greatly reduced. We find similar results when we change our measures to more accurately reflect economic well-being. Gross equivalent labor income and net equivalent income mobility were initially higher in the eastern states than in the western states but there has been convergence over time. By 1995 there was little difference in net equivalent income mobility patterns in the two regions of Germany. This finding suggests that the German social protection system has dramatically reduced mobility risks associated with the transformation to a market economy in the eastern states of Germany

Semi-Automatic Ambiance Genereation

Ambiances are background recordings of places used in audiovisual productions to make listeners feel they are in places like a pub or a farm. Accessing to commercially available atmosphere libraries is a convenient alternative to sending teams to record ambiances yet they limit the creation in different ways. First, they are already mixed, which reduces the flexibility to add, remove sounds or change the panning. Secondly the number of ambient libraries is limited. We propose a semi-automatic system for ambient generation. The system creates ambiances on demand given textual queries by fetching relevant sounds from a big sound effect database and delivering them into a sequencer multitrack project. Ambiances of diverse nature can be created easily. Controls are offered to the user to further specify its needs

Begleit- und Trainingskurse für Lehramtsstudierende in der Masterphase

In diesem Beitrag werden Einblicke in zwei interdisziplinäre Projekte im Rahmen von QUALI-TEACH II an der Universität Erfurt gegeben

Cytoskeletal variations in an asymmetric cell division support diversity in nematode sperm size and sex ratios

Asymmetric partitioning is an essential component of many developmental processes. As spermatogenesis concludes, sperm are streamlined by discarding unnecessary cellular components into cellular wastebags called residual bodies (RBs). During nematode spermatogenesis, this asymmetric partitioning event occurs shortly after anaphase II, and both microtubules and actin partition into a central RB. Here, we use fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy to elucidate and compare the intermediate steps of RB formation in Caenorhabditis elegans, Rhabditis sp. SB347 (recently named Auanema rhodensis) and related nematodes. In all cases, intact microtubules reorganize and move from centrosomal to non-centrosomal sites at the RB-sperm boundary whereas actin reorganizes through cortical ring expansion and clearance from the poles. However, in species with tiny spermatocytes, these cytoskeletal changes are restricted to one pole. Consequently, partitioning yields one functional sperm with the X-bearing chromosome complement and an RB with the other chromosome set. Unipolar partitioning may not require an unpaired X, as it also occurs in XX spermatocytes. Instead, constraints related to spermatocyte downsizing may have contributed to the evolution of a sperm cell equivalent to female polar bodies

The Changing Nature of NGO Activity in a Globalising World:

Summary As a result of the ruling neo?liberal paradigm and increasing economic, social and political globalisation, the nature of the relationship between transnational corporations (TNCs) and non?governmental organisations (NGOs) has been transformed significantly. TNCs are increasingly perceived as more powerful than governments. In response, NGOs identify TNCs as prime targets to affect change and have diversified their responses and strategies accordingly New alliances have been forged and new types of integrated NGOs have been created. In addition, NGOs have sought direct engagement with corporations through strategies of engagement and confrontation. With this three?tier response (alliance?building, integration and engagement), NGOs have driven the corporate responsibility agenda, which, while part of a longer history, is a particular response of both NGOs and TNCs initiated by the value?changes brought about by globalisation