A Glucose BioFuel Cell Implanted in Rats

Powering future generations of implanted medical devices will require cumbersome transcutaneous energy transfer or harvesting energy from the human body. No functional solution that harvests power from the body is currently available, despite attempts to use the Seebeck thermoelectric effect, vibrations or body movements. Glucose fuel cells appear more promising, since they produce electrical energy from glucose and dioxygen, two substrates present in physiological fluids. The most powerful ones, Glucose BioFuel Cells (GBFCs), are based on enzymes electrically wired by redox mediators. However, GBFCs cannot be implanted in animals, mainly because the enzymes they rely on either require low pH or are inhibited by chloride or urate anions, present in the Extra Cellular Fluid (ECF). Here we present the first functional implantable GBFC, working in the retroperitoneal space of freely moving rats. The breakthrough relies on the design of a new family of GBFCs, characterized by an innovative and simple mechanical confinement of various enzymes and redox mediators: enzymes are no longer covalently bound to the surface of the electron collectors, which enables use of a wide variety of enzymes and redox mediators, augments the quantity of active enzymes, and simplifies GBFC construction. Our most efficient GBFC was based on composite graphite discs containing glucose oxidase and ubiquinone at the anode, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and quinone at the cathode. PPO reduces dioxygen into water, at pH 7 and in the presence of chloride ions and urates at physiological concentrations. This GBFC, with electrodes of 0.133 mL, produced a peak specific power of 24.4 µW mL−1, which is better than pacemakers' requirements and paves the way for the development of a new generation of implantable artificial organs, covering a wide range of medical applications

Paper-based enzymatic microfluidic fuel cell: From a two-stream flow device to a single-stream lateral flow strip

This work presents a first approach towards the development of a cost-effective enzymatic paper-based glucose/O2 microfluidic fuel cell in which fluid transport is based on capillary action. A first fuel cell configuration consists of a Y-shaped paper device with the fuel and the oxidant flowing in parallel over carbon paper electrodes modified with bioelectrocatalytic enzymes. The anode consists of a ferrocenium-based polyethyleneimine polymer linked to glucose oxidase (GOx/Fc-C6-LPEI), while the cathode contains a mixture of laccase, anthracene-modified multiwall carbon nanotubes, and tetrabutylammonium bromide-modified Nafion (MWCNTs/laccase/TBAB-Nafion). Subsequently, the Y-shaped configuration is improved to use a single solution containing both, the anolyte and the catholyte. Thus, the electrolytes pHs of the fuel and the oxidant solutions are adapted to an intermediate pH of 5.5. Finally, the fuel cell is run with this single solution obtaining a maximum open circuit of 0.55 ± 0.04 V and a maximum current and power density of 225 ± 17 μA cm−2 and 24 ± 5 μW cm−2, respectively. Hence, a power source closer to a commercial application (similar to conventional lateral flow test strips) is developed and successfully operated. This system can be used to supply the energy required to power microelectronics demanding low power consumption.F. Javier del Campo acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy through the DADDi2 project (TEC2013-48506-C3). Juan Pablo Esquivel would like to thank the support from Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship (APPOCS-328144) within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. Shelley D. Minteer and Fabien Giroud would like to thank the National Science Foundation (CHE-1057597) for funding. Neus Sabaté acknowledges funding from the European H2020 Framework Programme (Grant Agreement 648518 - SUPERCELL - ERC 2014 CoG).Peer reviewe

Cognitive Performances Are Selectively Enhanced during Chronic Caloric Restriction or Resveratrol Supplementation in a Primate

Effects of an 18-month treatment with a moderate, chronic caloric restriction (CR) or an oral supplementation with resveratrol (RSV), a potential CR mimetic, on cognitive and motor performances were studied in non-human primates, grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus)

Electrode biomaterials employed in fabrication and characterization of immunosensor and enzymatic biofuel cells.

Ce mémoire est consacré au développement d'un immunocapteur impédancemétrique et de deux biopiles enzymatiques. Premièrement, le poly(pyrrole-NHS) est utilisé pour l'immobilisation successive d'un modèle de la ciprofloxacine (CF) et de l'anticorps dirigé spécifiquement contre CF. La détection est réalisée par la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique. Elle détecte le déplacement en solution de l'anticorps. Le seuil de détection est de 1.10-12 g.mL-1. Deuxièmement, la production énergétique est abordée suivant deux approches. La première se base sur l'apparition d'un gradient de pH produit par deux enzymes (la GOx et l'uréase) et converti en f.e.m. en utilisant un couple rédox sensible au pH. La seconde, repose sur les propriétés biocatalytiques de la GOx d'oxyder le glucose et de la polyphénol oxydase de réduire le dioxygène. Cette pile est capable de fonctionner aussi bien in vitro que in vivo. Une fois optimisée, la pile affiche une f.e.m. de 315 mV et une puissance de 27 μW.This work is focused on the development of an impedimetric immunosensor and two enzymatic biofuel cells. Firstly, poly(pyrrole-NHS) is used to graft a model of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CF) and its specific antibody (Ab) in two steps. The displacement of the antibody in solution directed by a strong affinity between Ab and CF is monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The detection limit is 10-12 g mL-1. Secondly, production of electricity is studied by two different methods. The first one is based on the creation of a pH difference driven enzymatically by glucose oxidase (GOx) and urease. This pH gradient is converted to e.m.f. by adding a pH-dependant redox couple. The second method uses glucose/O2 f

Biomatériaux d'électrode appliqués à la réalisation et à la caractérisation d'un biocapteur immunologique et de biopiles enzymatiques

This work is focused on the development of an impedimetric immunosensor and two enzymatic biofuel cells. Firstly, poly(pyrrole-NHS) is used to graft a model of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CF) and its specific antibody (Ab) in two steps. The displacement of the antibody in solution directed by a strong affinity between Ab and CF is monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The detection limit is 10-12 g mL-1. Secondly, production of electricity is studied by two different methods. The first one is based on the creation of a pH difference driven enzymatically by glucose oxidase (GOx) and urease. This pH gradient is converted to e.m.f. by adding a pH-dependant redox couple. The second method uses glucose/O2 fuCe mémoire est consacré au développement d'un immunocapteur impédancemétrique et de deux biopiles enzymatiques. Premièrement, le poly(pyrrole-NHS) est utilisé pour l'immobilisation successive d'un modèle de la ciprofloxacine (CF) et de l'anticorps dirigé spécifiquement contre CF. La détection est réalisée par la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique. Elle détecte le déplacement en solution de l'anticorps. Le seuil de détection est de 1.10-12 g.mL-1. Deuxièmement, la production énergétique est abordée suivant deux approches. La première se base sur l'apparition d'un gradient de pH produit par deux enzymes (la GOx et l'uréase) et converti en f.e.m. en utilisant un couple rédox sensible au pH. La seconde, repose sur les propriétés biocatalytiques de la GOx d'oxyder le glucose et de la polyphénol oxydase de réduire le dioxygène. Cette pile est capable de fonctionner aussi bien in vitro que in vivo. Une fois optimisée, la pile affiche une f.e.m. de 315 mV et une puissance de 27 μW

Biomatériaux d'électrode appliqués à la réalisation et à la caractérisation d'un biocapteur immunologique et de biopiles enzymatiques

Ce mémoire est consacré au développement d'un immunocapteur impédancemétrique et de deux biopiles enzymatiques. Premièrement, le poly(pyrrole-NHS) est utilisé pour l'immobilisation successive d'un modèle de la ciprofloxacine (CF) et de l'anticorps dirigé spécifiquement contre CF. La détection est réalisée par la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique. Elle détecte le déplacement en solution de l'anticorps. Le seuil de détection est de 1.10-12 g.mL-1. Deuxièmement, la production énergétique est abordée suivant deux approches. La première se base sur l'apparition d'un gradient de pH produit par deux enzymes (la GOx et l'uréase) et converti en f.e.m. en utilisant un couple rédox sensible au pH. La seconde, repose sur les propriétés biocatalytiques de la GOx d'oxyder le glucose et de la polyphénol oxydase de réduire le dioxygène. Cette pile est capable de fonctionner aussi bien in vitro que in vivo. Une fois optimisée, la pile affiche une f.e.m. de 315 mV et une puissance de 27 W.This work is focused on the development of an impedimetric immunosensor and two enzymatic biofuel cells. Firstly, poly(pyrrole-NHS) is used to graft a model of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CF) and its specific antibody (Ab) in two steps. The displacement of the antibody in solution directed by a strong affinity between Ab and CF is monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The detection limit is 10-12 g mL-1. Secondly, production of electricity is studied by two different methods. The first one is based on the creation of a pH difference driven enzymatically by glucose oxidase (GOx) and urease. This pH gradient is converted to e.m.f. by adding a pH-dependant redox couple. The second method uses glucose/O2 fuSAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Bio-electrode pour la detection et/ou l'oxydation du glucose et son procede de fabrication et dispositif la comprenant.

The invention concerns a bioelectrode and a device comprising same, for detecting or oxidising glucose. The bioelectrode of the invention comprises a layer of carbon nanotubes to which aromatic molecules are bonded, and FAD-GDH enzymes being adsorbed on the aromatic molecules. The invention applies to the field of biosensors and biofuel cells in particular

Bioelectrode for detecting and/or oxidising glucose and method for the production thereof and device comprising same: PCT patent

The invention concerns a bioelectrode and a device comprising same, for detecting or oxidising glucose. The bioelectrode of the invention comprises a layer of carbon nanotubes to which aromatic molecules are bonded, and FAD-GDH enzymes being adsorbed on the aromatic molecules. The invention applies to the field of biosensors and biofuel cells in particular.L'invention concerne une bioélectrode et un dispositif la comprenant, pour la détection ou l'oxydation du glucose. La bioélectrode de l'invention comprend une couche de nanotubes de carbone auxquels des molécules aromatiques sont liées, et des enzymes FAD-GDH étant adsorbées aux molécules aromatiques. L'invention trouve application dans le domaine des biocapteurs et des biopiles à combustible, en particulier

Comparison of Commercial and Lab-made MWCNT Buckypaper: Physicochemical Properties and Bioelectrocatalytic O 2 Reduction

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